Arabic Language Level 1 (Part 1) Revision

Asking Questions:أَهَذَا...؟ 'is this..?'مَا 'What'مَنْ 'Who'أَيْنَ 'Where'

Revision Level 1 (Part 1)

Prepositions حُرُوفُ الجَرّ

بِ 'At'مِنْ 'From'إِلَى 'To'عَلَى'On'فِي 'In'لِ 'Belonging to/For'Prepositions make the nouns after them have a kasra (مجرور) فِي بَيْتٍفِي الْبَيْتِ

Demonstrative pronouns أَسْمَاءُ الإِشَارَةِ

For the near:هَذَا This is (M)هَذِهِ This is (F)For the far:ذَلِكَ That is (M)تِلْكَ That is (F)هَذَا بَيْتٌ       هَذَا البَيْتُ

Vocative يَاMakes noun after have one Damma أُسْتَاذٌ   >   يَاأُسْتَاذُProper nouns:Masculine proper nouns end with  ٌ    >   مُحَمَّدٌFeminine proper nouns end with  ُ      >   آمِنَةُMasculine proper nouns ending with ة end with  ُ  > مُعَاوِيَةُ

Mudaf and mudaf ilayhi مُضَاف مُضَاف إِلَيهِ

مُضَاف Possessed:-Cannot take tanween-Cannot take ال-Definite by positionمُضَاف إِلَيهِ Possesor:-Must take kasra (مجرور)-Can take tanween or الكِتَابُ خَالِدٍكِتَابُ الْمُدَرِّسِ

Nouns that make the word after it have a kasra:تَحْتَ  'Under'أَمَامَ 'In-front of'خَلْفَ 'Behind' عِنْدَ 'With/to have' مَعَ 'With'أَمَامَ الْمَسْجِدِ

النَّعَتُ وَالْمَنْعُوتُ

Adjectives and nouns they classify.Adjectives follow the nouns in:1) GENDER2) DEFINITE/INDEFINITE3) CASE (ending)قَلَمٌ جَدِيْدٌ 'New pen' سَاعَةٌ جَدِيْدَةٌ 'New watch' فِي السَّاعَةِ الجَدِيْدَةِ 'In the new watch'

Pronouns الضَّمَائِر

Attachedقَلَمِي 'My pen' قَلَمُكَ 'Your pen' قَلَمُهُ 'His pen' قَلَمُهَا 'Her pen'Detached: أَنَا 'I (am)' أَنْتَ 'You (m)' هُوَ 'He/it' هِيَ 'She/it'Exceptions: أَبُوْهُ ,أَخُوْهُ

Verbs

ذَهَبَ  'He went'خَرَجَ 'He left/went out' جَلَسَ 'He sat' دَخَلَ 'He entered'ذَهَبْتُ 'I went'ذَهَبْتَ 'You (m) went'

مُبْتَدَا -Subject-In the beginning -Should take  ال-Must be definite خَبَر-Information about the subject-Can only take dammataan (in describing words)-IndefiniteMubtada and Khabr (same gender)هَذَا السَّيَّارَةُ جَمِيْلَةٌ

Mubtada & Khabr

Feminine words

Exception of feminine words not ending with ة-قِدْرٌ-Body parts that are in pairs-شَمْسٌ ,اَرْضٌ (nature)-Female relations (mother, sister)

لِ (belongs to) exceptions in joining

1) If noun after لِ has ال, Hamzatul wasl (alif) is dropped. For example لِ+اَلْمُدِيْرُ = لِلْمُدِيْرِ 2) Joining لِ to الله will be لله3) Joining لِ to pronouns changes it to لَ. For example لَهُ ,لَهَا.Exception: لِي

Endings

فِي الْمُسْتَشْفَ ,فِىي أمريكَا > The proposition does not have an effect on words ending with Madd lettersDiptotes (exceptions of words that can't take tanween):-Some female names e.g زَيْنَبُ ,حَمْزَةُ-مضاف cant take tanween-Adjectives on the pattern of فَعْلَانُe.g  مَلآنُ ,كَسْلَانُ ,عَطْشَانُ ,غَضْبَانُ ,جَوْعَانُ

Further notes:

الَّذِي  (Who/which) > depends on the context. (Who > person, which > object)عِنْدَ and لِ (to have) عِنْدَ > Irrational (objects or animals) separableلِ > Rational (relations) inseparable مَا (What) - can also be used as a particle of negation e.g مَا عِنْدِي (i do not have)عند & مع (with)- عِنْدَ (with restrictions) - a more specific location is known- مَعَ (without restrictions) - more general