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PSYB1 - Approaches

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Psychology Quiz on PSYB1 - Approaches, created by hutchinson184 on 20/05/2013.
hutchinson184
Quiz by hutchinson184, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by hutchinson184 over 11 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
What is classical conditioning?
Answer
  • The conditioning of involuntary behaviours
  • The conditioning of voluntary behaviour

Question 2

Question
What is operant conditioning?
Answer
  • The conditioning of involuntary behaviours
  • The conditioning of voluntary behaviours

Question 3

Question
What is operant conditioning?
Answer
  • The conditioning of involuntary behaviours
  • The conditioning of voluntary behaviours

Question 4

Question
What is the first assumption of the behaviourist approach?
Answer
  • Learning occurs through association between stimulus and response
  • Learning occurs through consequences of behaviour
  • to investigate what happens between the stimulus and response

Question 5

Question
What is the second assumption of the behaviourist approach?
Answer
  • to investigate what happens between the stimulus and response
  • the conditioning of involuntary behaviour
  • Learning can occur through the consequences of behaviour

Question 6

Question
What is a disadvantage of the behaviourist approach?
Answer
  • It is deterministic - neglects free will. It makes humans appear to be controlled by their environment rather than being free to chose their own behaviour.
  • Approach is unscientific

Question 7

Question
What is the first assumption of the cognitive approach?
Answer
  • To investigate what happens between the stimulus and response
  • Humans are thought of as information processors and compared to computers

Question 8

Question
What is the second assumption of the cognitive approach?
Answer
  • to investigate what happens between the stimulus and response
  • humans are thought of as information processors and compared to computers

Question 9

Question
What are cognitive mediating factors?
Answer
  • Memory, Attention, Thinking
  • Memory, Attention, Motor Reproduction

Question 10

Question
What is the first assumption of the humanistic approach?
Answer
  • Each individual is unique, with individual needs, thoughts, feelings and experiences
  • Humans have free will and are basically good-striving towards personal growth and self-actualisation

Question 11

Question
What is the second assumption of the humanistic approach?
Answer
  • Humans have free will are and are basically good-striving towards personal growth and self-actualisation
  • Each individual is unique, with individual needs, thoughts, feelings and experiences

Question 12

Question
What is self-actualisation?
Answer
  • Having little or no difference between self-concept and ideal self.Can be important for psychological health
  • Fully achieving what we are capable of (our potential)

Question 13

Question
What is self concept?
Answer
  • Our thoughts and feelings about ourselves as individuals, based on experience (self esteem measures this)
  • How we would ideally like to think and feel about ourselves

Question 14

Question
What is Ideal Self?
Answer
  • Our thoughts and feelings about ourselves as individuals, based in experience (self-esteem measures this)
  • How we would ideally like to think and feel about ourselves

Question 15

Question
What is incongruence?
Answer
  • Having large differences between self-concept and ideal self (can lead to low self esteem and psychological problems such as unipolar depression)
  • Having little or no difference between self-concept and ideal self. Being congruent is important for psychological health.

Question 16

Question
What is congruence?
Answer
  • Having large differences between self concept and ideal self (can lead to low self esteem and psychological problems such as unipolar)
  • Having little or no difference between self-concept and ideal self. Being congruent is important for psychological health.

Question 17

Question
What is conditions of worth?
Answer
  • A child is only loved and accepted if their behaviour is deemed to be unacceptable
  • According to rogers, a child is only loved and accepted if their behaviour is deemed to be acceptable

Question 18

Question
What is the first assumption of social learning theory?
Answer
  • Learning takes place by watching and copying others
  • Takes into account mediating cognitive factors - ARMM - Attention, Retention, Motivation, Motor Reproduction

Question 19

Question
What is the second assumption of the social learning theory?
Answer
  • Takes into account mediating cognitive factors - ARMM - Attention, Retention, Motivation and Motor Reproduction
  • Learning takes place by watching and copying others

Question 20

Question
What is the evidence to support the social learning theory?
Answer
  • Bandura et al - children observing adults - bobo doll
  • Little hans case study

Question 21

Question
What is direct reinforcement?
Answer
  • If a model receives reinforcement for their behaviour this might affect whether the behaviour is likely to be copied
  • If a person copies a models behaviour and is then rewarded for it, this may affect whether they demonstrate the behaviour again.

Question 22

Question
What is vicarious reinforcement?
Answer
  • If a person copies a models behaviour and is then rewarded for it, this may affect whether they demonstrate the behaviour again
  • If a model receives reinforcement for their behaviour this might affect whether the behaviour is likely to be copied

Question 23

Question
What is the 1st assumption of the psychodynamic approach?
Answer
  • The unconscious mind is responsible for behaviour
  • Early childhood experiences can affect later development

Question 24

Question
What is the second assumption of the psychodynamic approach?
Answer
  • The unconscious mind is responsible for behaviour
  • Early childhood experiences can affect later development

Question 25

Question
What is the ID?
Answer
  • Works on the reality principle and tries to keep the demands of the ID in check by finding a socially acceptable way of satisfying it
  • Works on the need principle and is responsible for instinctual urges

Question 26

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What is the ego?
Answer
  • Works on the moral principle
  • Works on the reality principle and tries to keep the demands of the ID in check by finding a socially acceptable way of satisfying it

Question 27

Question
What is the superego?
Answer
  • Works on the need principle, that is responsible for instinctual urges
  • Works on the moral principle (ideas about right and wrong)

Question 28

Question
What are the 3 defence mechanisms?
Answer
  • Repression, Displacement and Identification
  • Repression, Interference, Trace Decay

Question 29

Question
What is repression?
Answer
  • Deliberately forgetting - moving bad/unwanted thoughts into the unconscious mind
  • Transferring bad/unwanted thoughts from one object or person to another

Question 30

Question
What is displacement?
Answer
  • Involves taking on the gender and moral behaviour of the same sex parent - occurs to reduce anxiety
  • Transferring bad/unwanted thoughts from one object or person to another

Question 31

Question
What is Identification?
Answer
  • Involves taking on the gender and moral behaviour of the same sex parent and occurs to reduce anxiety
  • Transferring bad/unwanted thoughts from one object or person to another

Question 32

Question
What is the oral stage?
Answer
  • Libido is focused on the mouth and the main source of conflict is weaning. Too much or too little satisfaction leads to fixation. This stage is purely ID driven.
  • Libido focused on the anus and the main source of conflict is potty training. The ego develops. Too much satisfaction = child anally retentive e.g. OCD and too little satisfaction = child being anally expulsive e.g. very untidy

Question 33

Question
What is the anal stage?
Answer
  • Libido focused on the anus and the main source of conflict is potty training. The ego develops. Too much satisfaction = child anally retentive e.g. OCD and too little satisfaction = child being anally expulsive e.g. very untidy
  • Child learns about external world. Libido concentrated on acquiring new skills, friendships and school

Question 34

Question
What is the phallic stage?
Answer
  • Libido focused on the genitals. Oedipus and electra conflict and as a result of identification, child takes on same sex parents ideas, thoughts,values and behaviours etc
  • The aim of this study is to achieve independance and sexual maturity. According to Freud that is the development of personality - he didnt believe later experiences would change a person
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