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Previous year Quizz 2

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Quiz on Previous year Quizz 2, created by Alba Del Rio Serrato on 02/12/2017.
Alba Del Rio Serrato
Quiz by Alba Del Rio Serrato, updated more than 1 year ago
Alba Del Rio Serrato
Created by Alba Del Rio Serrato almost 7 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
Smell disorders are frequently caused by ...
Answer
  • Neurodegenerative diseases
  • Skull fractures
  • Side effects of drugs
  • Diabetes mellitus Type I
  • Kallmann Syndrome

Question 2

Question
The dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
Answer
  • is involved in triggering of reflexive saccades
  • inhibits unwanted reflexive saccades
  • is the source of a cortico-cerebellar projection modulating the vestibulo-ocular reflex
  • is rarely affected in neurodegenerative disorders
  • is intact when antisaccades are directed towards the target

Question 3

Question
Dorsal Horn Lamina II neurons
Answer
  • are all GABAergic
  • receive primary afferent input from NGF responsive sensory neurons
  • process proprioceptive information
  • process exclusively thermal information from the periphery
  • are mostly projection neurons

Question 4

Question
One of these statements is WRONG: Sensory neurons that respond to noxious heat...
Answer
  • also respond well to the chili pepper compound capsaicin
  • can sometimes also respond to noxious cold
  • respond to no other type of stimuli
  • almost always respond to noxious mechanical stimuli
  • are never polymodal

Question 5

Question
The figure below shows the basal aspect of the human brain. Which of the following statements is false?
Image:
Figure 1 (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • The structure labeled with red arrows contains migrating cells of the rostral migratory stream
  • The structure labeled with red arrows contains axons of mitral cells
  • The structure labeled as “Am” is part of the temporal lobe and target of mitral cell axons
  • The asterisk (*) shows the third ventricle
  • The black arrow points at the anterior part of the insular cortex

Question 6

Question
What afferent fiber type conveys first pinch sensation?
Answer
  • Group Ia spindle afferents
  • Thinly myelinated Aδ-fibers
  • Large myelinated AB−fibers
  • Sympathetic efferent fibers
  • Merkel disk afferent fibers

Question 7

Question
Inhibition of reflexive saccades is not:
Answer
  • controlled by the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
  • dependent on omnipause neurons in the brainstem
  • visible at the patient’s bedside
  • investigated by antisaccade testing
  • dependent on Brodmann’s area 46

Question 8

Question
Irrepressible bursts of involuntary saccades ("ocular flutter / opsoclonus")
Answer
  • indicate dysfunction of the prepontine paramedian reticular formation
  • occur with lesions affecting the oculomotor nuclei
  • indicate dysfunction of omnipause neurons in the nucleus raphe interpositus
  • occur with lesions affecting Brodmann's area 46 in the prefrontal cortex
  • are a sign of frontal eye field dysfunction

Question 9

Question
Which of the following is wrong? Saccade velocity…
Answer
  • May be reduced by centrally acting drugs
  • Depends on activity of premotor burst neurons in the brainstem reticular formation
  • Is reduced in neurodegenerative disorders affecting the brainstem reticular formation
  • Is normal in Parkinson’s disease
  • Is always accompanied by disorders of saccade accuracy

Question 10

Question
Sensory neurons in the Dorsal root ganglia have myelinated and unmyelinated axons. Which class off fiber convey vibrotactile sensation?
Answer
  • Unmyelinated C-fibers
  • γ−motor fibers
  • Thinly myelinated Aδ-fibers
  • Large myelinated A-fibers
  • Sympathetic efferent fibers

Question 11

Question
Impaired fixation suppression of the vestibulo-ocular reflex is a sign of
Answer
  • Diseases affecting the cerebellar hemispheres
  • Disturbed vergence
  • Diseases affecting the cerebellar flocculus and/or dorsal vermis
  • Lesions affecting the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex
  • Parkinson’s disease

Question 12

Question
Which of the following eye movements changes images of the environment on the fovea?
Answer
  • Fixation
  • Saccades
  • Vergence
  • Vestibulo-ocular reflex
  • Smooth pursuit

Question 13

Question
The following structure is not involved in brainstem control of saccades:
Answer
  • Nucleus raphe interpositus
  • Nucleus prepositus hypoglossi
  • Oculomotor nuclei
  • Nucleus principalis nervi trigemini
  • Prepontine paramedian reticular formation

Question 14

Question
Which of the following statements is correct?
Answer
  • Olfactory loss can be an early sign of Parkinson’s disease.
  • Olfactory loss is rarely seen in elderly people.
  • Olfactory loss is commonly associated with brain lesion after stroke.
  • Olfactory loss is not associated with Huntington’s disease.
  • Olfactory loss can be an early sign of measles.

Question 15

Question
The following sensations are mediated through oral stimuli. What sensations are mediated through neurons with cell bodies in trigeminal ganglion?
Answer
  • bitter through caffeine
  • umami through glutamate
  • sour through vinegar
  • hot through capsaicin
  • sweet through sucrose

Question 16

Question
The most frequent causes of olfactory loss in adults are…
Answer
  • environmental pollution.
  • neurodegenerative diseases.
  • drug abuse.
  • sinunasal diseases.
  • head trauma.

Question 17

Question
Mature Nerve growth factor
Answer
  • is an endogenous mediator of inflammatory pain in growing individuals
  • can activate p75 to produce hyperalgesia
  • stimulates mast cell proliferation
  • activates the sortillin receptor
  • can kill adult sensory neurons

Question 18

Question
The “neural integrator” in the brainstem and cerebellar flocculus
Answer
  • Controls the vestibulo-ocular reflex
  • Controls accuracy of saccades
  • Transforms a saccade velocity signal into a tonic signal for gaze holding in eccentric positions
  • Determines saccade velocity by integrating activity of neurons in oculomotor nuclei
  • Is involved in generating vergence eye movements
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