Question 1
Question
Select the following which are molecules of life:
Question 2
Question
A farmer wants to improve crop yield in his fields by testing the effectiveness of a new pesticide available on the market. Which one of the following is the best control for this experiment?
Answer
-
A higher concentration of new pesticide used on the control field than the experimental field
-
More shade on the control field than on the experimental field
-
A lower concentration of new pesticide used on the control field than on the experimental field
-
More water on the control field than on the experimental field
-
No new pesticide used on the control field; new pesticide used only on the experimental field
Question 3
Question
Which of the following determines the reactivity of an atom, or likelihood of forming a bond with another atom?
Answer
-
Number of neutrons
-
Number of electrons
-
Number of protons
-
Atomic mass
Question 4
Question
Please organize the terms regarding scientific levels of organization from LEAST COMPLEX (1) to MOST COMPLEX (5). Each term will be used only once.
1. [blank_start]Cells[blank_end]
2. [blank_start]Tissues[blank_end]
3. [blank_start]Organs[blank_end]
4. [blank_start]Organ systems[blank_end]
5. [blank_start]Organism[blank_end]
Answer
-
1. Cells
-
1. Tissues
-
1. Organs
-
1. Organ systems
-
1. Organism
-
2. Tissues
-
2. Cells
-
2. Organs
-
2. Organ systems
-
2. Organism
-
3. Organs
-
3. Cells
-
3. Tissues
-
3. Organ systems
-
3. Organism
-
4. Organ systems
-
4. Cells
-
4. Tissues
-
4. Organs
-
4. Organism
-
5. Organism
-
5. Cells
-
5. Tissues
-
5. Organs
-
5. Organ systems
Question 5
Question
The proper sequence of steps involved in the scientific method is: (1) state hypothesis, (2) observe, (3) experiment, (4) support or disprove the hypothesis.
Question 6
Question
A student needs information from the National Institutes of Health, a governtment agency. Which one of the following endings should (s)he look for in the Internet address?
Question 7
Question
Causation is easier to demonstrate than correlation.
Question 8
Question
"Double-blind" experiments are designed so that only subjects do not know if they are receiving the placebo or drug.
Question 9
Question
The most biologically important characteristic of lipids is that lipids are hydrophobic.
Question 10
Question
On the molecular structure of two bonded water molecules, label the following:
1. The meaning of "H"
2. The meaning of the orange, solid line
3. The meaning of the green, dashed line
4. The meaning of δ+
5. The meaning of δ-
Answer
-
(1) Hydrogen
-
(1) Helium
-
(1) Holmium
-
(1) Hassium
-
(1) Hafnium
-
(4) positive charge
-
(4) negative charge
-
(2) hydrogen bond
-
(2) ionic bond
-
(2) covalent bond
-
(5) positive charge
-
(5) negative charge
-
(3) hydrogen bond
-
(3) ionic bond
-
(3) covalent bond
Question 11
Question
An atom is the smallest unit of an element that demonstrates all of the properties of that element.
Question 12
Question
Select the correct term from the drop-down box for each explanation. Each term will be used only ONCE, but NOT ALL TERMS will be used.
1. [blank_start]______[blank_end] The site of protein production in a cell
2. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Stack of flattened membranes. Site where cell products are modified and prepared for secretion from the cell
3. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Large network of membranes where lipids are synthesized
4. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Organelle that stores the genetic information of the cell
5. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Extensions of the cell membrane that increase the cell's surface area
6. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Double-membraned organelle believed to have originated through endosymbiosis
7. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Responsible for supporting the internal and external structure of the cell
Answer
-
(A) Nucleus
-
(A) Mitochondria
-
(A) Cytoplasm
-
(A) Microvilli
-
(A) Cytoskeleton
-
(A) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
-
(A) Ribosome
-
(A) Endosymbiont
-
(A) Golgi apparatus
-
(A) Lysosome
-
(B) Nucleus
-
(B) Mitochondria
-
(B) Cytoplasm
-
(B) Microvilli
-
(B) Cytoskelton
-
(B) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
-
(B) Ribosome
-
(B) Endosymbiont
-
(B) Golgi apparatus
-
(B) Lysosome
-
(C) Nucleus
-
(C) Mitochondria
-
(C) Cytoplasm
-
(C) Microvilli
-
(C) Cytoskeleton
-
(C) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
-
(C) Ribosome
-
(C) Endosymbiont
-
(C) Golgi apparatus
-
(C) Lysosome
-
(D) Nucleus
-
(D) Mitochondria
-
(D) Cytoplasm
-
(D) Microvilli
-
(D) Cytoskeleton
-
(D) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
-
(D) Ribosome
-
(D) Endosymbiont
-
(D) Golgi apparatus
-
(D) Lysosome
-
(E) Nucleus
-
(E) Mitochondria
-
(E) Cytoplasm
-
(E) Microvilli
-
(E) Cytoskeleton
-
(E) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
-
(E) Ribosome
-
(E) Endosymbiont
-
(E) Golgi apparatus
-
(E) Lysosome
-
(F) Nucleus
-
(F) Mitochondria
-
(F) Cytoplasm
-
(F) Microvilli
-
(F) Cytoskeleton
-
(F) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
-
(F) Ribosome
-
(F) Endosymbiont
-
(F) Golgi apparatus
-
(F) Lysosome
-
(G) Nucleus
-
(G) Mitochondria
-
(G) Cytoplasm
-
(G) Microvilli
-
(G) Cytoskeleton
-
(G) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
-
(G) Ribosome
-
(G) Endosymbiont
-
(G) Golgi apparatus
-
(G) Lysosome
Question 13
Question
There are ribosomes located throughout the rough endoplasmic reticulum.
Question 14
Question
Organize the following types of molecular bonds from weakest (1) to strongest (2).
1. [blank_start]Hydrogen bonds[blank_end]
2. [blank_start]Ionic bonds[blank_end]
3. [blank_start]Covalent bonds[blank_end]
Answer
-
(1) Hydrogen bonds
-
(1) Ionic bonds
-
(1) Covalent bonds
-
(2) Ionic bonds
-
(2) Hydrogen bonds
-
(2) Covalent bonds
-
(3) Covalent bonds
-
(3) Ionic bonds
-
(3) Hydrogen bonds
Question 15
Question
[blank_start]Oxygen[blank_end] is the basis of life; it gives your body life by helping with aerobic respiration and it also bonds with hydrogen to create water. Water is essential; it makes up 60% of the human body. [blank_start]Carbohydrates[blank_end] give you the food to feed your cells; for example, animals use [blank_start]glucose[blank_end] that they get from glycogen. [blank_start]Protiens[blank_end] have many functions; some examples of these functions are assisting molecular transfers, hormones, and muscle contractions. [blank_start]Fats[blank_end] store excess energy that can eventually be used by the body. [blank_start]DNA[blank_end] provides the genetic information for a cell and is located in the nucleus of a cell. [blank_start]ATP[blank_end] provides almost all of the energy for our cells in a rapid manner.
Answer
-
(1) Oxygen
-
(1) Carbohydrate
-
(1) Protein
-
(1) Fat
-
(1) DNA
-
(1) ATP
-
(2) Carbohydrates
-
(2) Oxygen
-
(2) Proteins
-
(2) Fats
-
(2) DNA
-
(2) ATP
-
(3) glucose
-
(3) triglycerides
-
(3) phospholipids
-
(4) Protiens
-
(4) Oxygen
-
(4) Carbohydrates
-
(4) Fats
-
(4) DNA
-
(4) ATP
-
(5) Fats
-
(5) Oxygen
-
(5) Carbohydrates
-
(5) Proteins
-
(5) DNA
-
(5) ATP
-
(6) DNA
-
(6) Oxygen
-
(6) Carbohydrate
-
(6) Protein
-
(6) Fat
-
(6) ATP
-
(7) ATP
-
(7) DNA
-
(7) Oxygen
-
(7) Carbohydrate
-
(7) Protein
-
(7) Fat
Question 16
Question
For a gene to produce hair color, it first has to come from your [blank_start]DNA[blank_end] that your parents gave you via their [blank_start]chromosomes[blank_end]. Chromosomes hold [blank_start]DNA[blank_end] in the nucleus. The DNA codes into [blank_start]RNA[blank_end], which then creates the [blank_start]proteins[blank_end] needed to produce that hair color.
Answer
-
(1) DNA
-
(1) RNA
-
(2) chromosomes
-
(2) proteins
-
(1) ATP
-
(3) DNA
-
(3) RNA
-
(3) ATP
-
(4) RNA
-
(4) ATP
-
(5) proteins
-
(5) chromosomes
Question 17
Question
Organize the following steps of bone repair for a broken bone from first (1) to last (4). Please only type the number instead without any punctuation; for example, next to step one, type "1" without the quotation marks.
[blank_start]4[blank_end] Osteoclasts break down bone to begin remodeling
[blank_start]2[blank_end] A cartilage callous forms & holds together the 2 broken ends of bone
[blank_start]1[blank_end] A blood clot forms
[blank_start]3[blank_end] Osteoblasts secrete proteins to form a bony callous
Question 18
Question
A blood vessel is an organ.
Question 19
Question
Select the correct organ system from the drop-down box for each statement. Each term will be used only ONCE. There are more terms than there are blanks, so not all answers will be used.
1. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Produces hormones that regulate many body functions
2. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Detects both external and internal stimuli and coordinates responses
3. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Produces blood cells and provides structural framework for movement
4. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Maintains the volume and composition of body fluids
5. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Exchanges gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between air and blood
6. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Transports materials to and from all cells
Answer
-
A. Nervous system
-
A. Lymphatic system
-
A. Urinary system
-
A. Reproductive system
-
A. Circulatory system
-
A. Digestive system
-
A. Endocrine system
-
A. Skeletal system
-
A. Respiratory system
-
B. Nervous system
-
B. Lymphatic system
-
B. Urinary system
-
B. Reproductive system
-
B. Circulatory system
-
B. Digestive system
-
B. Endocrine system
-
B. Skeletal system
-
B. Respiratory system
-
C. Nervous system
-
C. Lymphatic system
-
C. Urinary system
-
C. Reproductive system
-
C. Circulatory system
-
C. Digestive system
-
C. Endocrine system
-
C. Skeletal system
-
C. Respiratory system
-
D. Nervous system
-
D. Lymphatic system
-
D. Urinary system
-
D. Reproductive system
-
D. Circulatory system
-
D. Digestive system
-
D. Endocrine system
-
D. Skeletal system
-
D. Respiratory sytem
-
E. Nervous system
-
E. Lymphatic system
-
E. Urinary system
-
E. Reproductive system
-
E. Circulatory system
-
E. Digestive system
-
E. Endocrine system
-
E. Skeletal system
-
E. Respiratory system
-
F. Nervous system
-
F. Lymphatic system
-
F. Urinary system
-
F. Reproductive system
-
F. Circulatory system
-
F. Digestive system
-
F. Endocrine system
-
F. Skeletal system
-
F. Respiratory system
Question 20
Question
Which of the following does not repair itself well (if at all) after an injury?
Answer
-
Cartilage
-
Bone
-
Ligament
-
Tendon
Question 21
Question
Synovial joints are filled with a lubricating fluid.
Question 22
Question
Slow twitch muscle fibers have more blood vessels than fast twitch muscle fibers.
Question 23
Question
Which of the following injuries has occurred when a ligament is stretched or torn?
Answer
-
Sprain
-
Strain
-
Break
-
Fracture
Question 24
Question
Fast-twitch muscle fibers are [blank_start]anaerobic[blank_end], and slow-twitch muscle fibers are [blank_start]aerobic[blank_end].
Answer
-
(1) anaerobic
-
(1) aerobic
-
(2) aerobic
-
(2) anaerobic
Question 25
Question
Which of the following types of muscle fibers is used for short bursts of activity?
Question 26
Question
Muscles controlling fine movements use [blank_start]small motor units[blank_end]. A small motor unit has about [blank_start]two to ten[blank_end] motor units, and a large motor unit has [blank_start]thousands[blank_end].
Answer
-
small motor units
-
large motor units
-
(1) two to ten
-
(1) thousands
-
(2) thousands
-
(2) two to ten
Question 27
Question
Select the following process(es) which occur(s) throughout life:
Question 28
Question
Match the correct type of fracture with its appropriate description. Each blank only has one term, but since there are more terms than blanks not all terms will be used.
1. [blank_start]______[blank_end] When the neds of the bone no longer line up
2. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Partly broken, partly bent; usually happens in young children
3. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Bone fragments; shattered
4. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Many microscopic breaks
Answer
-
A. Stress fracture
-
A. Displaced
-
A. Compound
-
A. Greenstick
-
A. Comminuted
-
A. Dislocated
-
B. Stress fracture
-
B. Displaced
-
B. Compound
-
B. Greenstick
-
B. Comminuted
-
B. Dislocated
-
C. Stress fracture
-
C. Displaced
-
C. Compound
-
C. Greenstick
-
C. Comminuted
-
C. Dislocated
-
D. Stress fracture
-
D. Displaced
-
D. Compound
-
D. Greenstick
-
D. Comminuted
-
D. Dislocated
Question 29
Question
Match the correct type of muscle with the type of movement. Each muscle type will only be used once.
1. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Moves blood and nutrients throughout the body
2. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Moves and stabilizes the skeletal system
3. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Moves food, feces, etc.
Answer
-
A. Skeletal
-
A. Cardiac
-
A. Smooth
-
B. Cardiac
-
B. Skeletal
-
B. Smooth
-
C. Smooth
-
C. Cardiac
-
C. Skeletal
Question 30
Question
You would find smooth muscle in the stomach.
Question 31
Question
You would find cardiac muscle in the heart.
Question 32
Question
You would find skeletal muscle in your legs--specifically, in your femur.
Question 33
Question
Select the following type(s) of muscle which is/are INVOLUNTARY:
Answer
-
Cardiac muscle
-
Skeletal muscle
-
Smooth muscle
Question 34
Question
The four types of tissues in the body are connective tissue, epithelial tissue, muscular tissue, and cardiac tissue.
Question 35
Question
Complete the following table with the following information for EACH box:
1. Is ATP required?
2. Are transport proteins required?
Answer
-
not possible
-
not
-
not
-
not
-
are
-
is
-
are
-
is
-
are
-
is
-
is
Question 36
Question
Describe the events involved in a skeletal muscle contraction. You should accurately use the following terms: actin, action potential, calcium, motor neuron, myosin, sarcomere, sarcoplasmic reticulum, sliding, and troponin.
A(n) [blank_start]action potential[blank_end] moves down a [blank_start]motor neuron[blank_end] where Ach is released. This flows through the synapse to the receptors of the muscle fiber, which then allows the [blank_start]calcium ions[blank_end] to be released from the [blank_start]sarcoplasmic reticulum[blank_end] and bind. The [blank_start]actin[blank_end] and [blank_start]myosin[blank_end] of the sarcomere link to the myosin head and moves the muscle fiber into contraction. The [blank_start]sliding[blank_end] movement occurs due to the [blank_start]troponin[blank_end] and tropomyosin allowing binding sites to show.
Answer
-
action potential
-
motor neuron
-
calcium ions
-
sarcoplasmic reticulum
-
actin
-
myosin
-
sliding
-
troponin
Question 37
Question
Select the correct term from the drop-down box for each phrase. Each term will be used only once, but since there are more terms than blanks not all terms will be used.
1. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Develops into a cell that produces antibodies
2. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Can engulf and kill a bacterium or infected cells
3. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Fragments of cells that help form blood clots
4. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Carries most of the oxygen traveling in blood
5. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Makes up more than half of the volume of blood
Answer
-
A. B cell
-
A. T cell
-
A. Natural Killer (NK) cell
-
A. Phagocytic cell
-
A. Erythrocyte
-
A. Plasma
-
A. Platelets
-
B. B cell
-
B. T cell
-
B. Natural killer (NK) cell
-
B. Phagocytic cell
-
B. Erythrocyte
-
B. Plasma
-
B. Platelets
-
C. B cell
-
C. T cell
-
C. Natural Killer (NK) cell
-
C. Phagocytic cell
-
C. Plasma
-
C. Erythrocyte
-
C. Platelets
-
D. B cell
-
D. T cell
-
D. Natural Killer (NK) cell
-
D. Erythrocyte
-
D. Plasma
-
D, Platelets
-
D. Phagocytic cell
-
E. B cell
-
E. T cell
-
E. Natural Killer (NK) cell
-
E. Phagocytic cell
-
E. Erythrocyte
-
E. Plasma
-
E. Platelets
Question 38
Question
Both B cells and T cells can target specific antigens and can produce memory cells.
Question 39
Question
Due to menstruation, women lose more blood than men which in turn reduces their iron levels and their hematocrit.
Question 40
Question
Blood thinners reduce the thickness of your blood by adding a large amount of water to the bloodstream.
Question 41
Question
When skeletal muscles contract, they pump oxygen-depleted blood back to the heart. This is an example of venous return.
Question 42
Question
If you have blood type B, then select the following blood type(s) who you can GIVE blood to:
Question 43
Question
If your blood type is type B, who can you RECEIVE blood from? Select all blood type(s):
Question 44
Question
Three risk factors for hypertension include (but are not limited to) old age, a high-salt diet, and obesity.
Question 45
Question
The left ventricle contraction generates diastolic pressure, and the left ventricle relaxation generates systolic pressure.
Question 46
Question
Normal blood pressure is 120/80.
Question 47
Question
Select the correct term from the drop-down box for each statement. Each term will be used only once, but since there are more terms than statements, some terms will not be used.
1. [blank_start]______[blank_end] A blood clot that is stuck in a vessel and blocking blood flow.
2. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Low oxygen carrying capacity
3. [blank_start]______[blank_end] A circulating blood clot
4. [blank_start]______[blank_end] A general term for any inappropriate blood clot
5. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Consequence of a cerebral embolism
Answer
-
A. Embolus
-
A. Thrombus
-
A. Embolism
-
A. Myocardial infarction
-
A. Stroke
-
A. Coronary
-
A. Anemia
-
B. Embolus
-
B. Thrombus
-
B. Embolism
-
B. Myocardial infarction
-
B. Stroke
-
B. Coronary
-
B. Anemia
-
C. Embolus
-
C. Thrombus
-
C. Embolism
-
C. Myocardial infarction
-
C. Stroke
-
C. Coronary
-
C. Anemia
-
D. Embolus
-
D. Thrombus
-
D. Embolism
-
D. Myocardial infarction
-
D. Stroke
-
D. Coronary
-
D. Anemia
-
E. Embolus
-
E. Thrombus
-
E. Embolism
-
E. Myocardial infarction
-
E. Stroke
-
E. Coronary
-
E. Anemia
Question 48
Question
Which of the following occurs after the platelet plug forms during blood clotting?
Answer
-
The plug forms a clot that traps red blood cells.
-
The smooth muscle lining the vessels spasms, reducing blood loss.
-
Platelets recruit more platelets, causing a positive feedback loop.
Question 49
Question
Ebola has a high [blank_start]virulence[blank_end] but a fairly low [blank_start]transmissibility[blank_end].
Answer
-
(1) virulence
-
(1) immunity
-
(1) transmissibility
-
(2) transmissibility
-
(2) virulence
-
(2) immunity
Question 50
Question
Fungal pathogens are typically transmitted by vectors.
Question 51
Question
Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) find antigens and activate T/B cells.
Question 52
Question
Which of the following is NOT an example of passive immunity?
Question 53
Question
Redness, heat, swelling and pain are characteristics of [blank_start]inflammation[blank_end].
Answer
-
inflammation
-
vasoconstriction
-
T cell activation
-
immune tolerence
Question 54
Question
Select the following attribute(s) which is/are associated with the IMMUNE SYSTEM:
Answer
-
Organ system
-
Defends the body from pathogens
-
Regulates fluid balance
-
Includes tonsils, thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes
-
Functional system
Question 55
Question
Select the following attribute(s) which is/are associated with the LYMPHATIC SYSTEM:
Answer
-
Organ system
-
Defends the body from pathogens
-
Regulates fluid balance
-
Includes tonsils, thymus, spleen, and lymph nodes
-
Functional system
Question 56
Question
The [blank_start]innate[blank_end] immune response is activated first in response to the first encounter with a new antigen.
Question 57
Question
There are three different "types" of antibodies.
Question 58
Question
Select the appropriate pathogen for each infection/disease from the drop-down box. Each term will only be used once.
1. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Athlete's foot
2. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Tapeworms
3. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Common cold
4. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Mad cow disease
5. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Lyme disease
Answer
-
A. Animals (parasites)
-
A. Virus
-
A. Fungus
-
A. Prion
-
A. Bacteria
-
B. Animals (parasites)
-
B. Virus
-
B. Fungus
-
B. Prion
-
B. Bacteria
-
C. Animals (parasites)
-
C. Virus
-
C. Fungus
-
C. Prion
-
C. Bacteria
-
D. Animals (parasites)
-
D. Virus
-
D. Fungus
-
D. Prion
-
D. Bacteria
-
E. Animals (parasites)
-
E. Virus
-
E. Fungus
-
E. Prion
-
E. Bacteria
Question 59
Question
One benefit of a fever is that it can help reduce bacteria growth.
Question 60
Question
One risk of prolonged fever is that it can cause brain damage by causing the proteins to unfold.
Question 61
Question
When you first get a fever, your hypothalamus sends a signal to your brain to tell you to readjust your temperature, so you feel [blank_start]cold[blank_end] even though your internal body temperature is [blank_start]still normal[blank_end]. Once your body fully recognizes what's going on, another signal is sent by your brain to make you feel "normal" again; however, because your body was getting used to the [blank_start]"cold"[blank_end], this change causes you to feel [blank_start]hot[blank_end].
Answer
-
(1) cold
-
(1) hot
-
still normal
-
actually extremely hot
-
actually extremely cold
-
"cold"
-
"hot"
-
(4) hot
-
(4) cold
Question 62
Question
Which of the following structures is the site of gas exchange?
Answer
-
Larynx
-
Trachea
-
Thymus
-
Alveoli
Question 63
Question
Which of the following explains one reason why smokers cough more than non-smokers?
Answer
-
Nicotine inflames the bronchioles
-
Nicotine paralyzes the cilia
-
Smoking causes lower mucus production
-
They have to deal with an increased vital capacity
Question 64
Question
[blank_start]Tidal volume[blank_end] has the least variation.
Answer
-
Tidal volume
-
Residual volume
-
Vital capacity
-
Total lung capacity
Question 65
Question
White blood cells are also known as erythrocytes.
Question 66
Question
Label the different parts of the neuron.
Answer
-
(A) axon
-
(A) cell body
-
(A) dendrite
-
(B) Axon
-
(B) Cell body
-
(B) Dendrite
-
(C) Axon
-
(C) Cell body
-
(C) Dendrite
Question 67
Question
The part of a neuron responsible for protein production is the
Question 68
Question
Graded potentials differ from action potentials in that graded potentials
Answer
-
are self-propagating
-
are all the same based on the all-or-none principle
-
become weaker with increasing distance
-
are output signals to other cells
Question 69
Question
The peripheral nervous system (PNS) is
Answer
-
all nervous tissue outside the brain and spinal cord
-
only the motor output of the nervous system
-
only the nervous tissue inside the brain and spinal cord
-
only responsible for pain responses
Question 70
Question
Myelination (the wrapping of neuronal axons by glial cells) is responsible for
Answer
-
removing waste products from the neuron
-
providing the axon with oxygen
-
removing inappropriately-placed axons
-
providing electrical insulation for action potentials
Question 71
Question
White matter of the brain contains
Answer
-
clusters of cell bodies and dendrites for processing information
-
bundles of axons for transmitting information
-
the internal ganglia of the body
-
all of the above
Question 72
Question
The magnitude/size of the effect of a hormone depends on which of the following?
Answer
-
The speed of the receptor response
-
The rate of hormone degredation
-
The amount of hormone circulating
-
The input from the lymphatic system
Question 73
Question
Oligodendrocytes are similar to Schwann cells in that they both
Answer
-
Help neurons regenerate after injury
-
Are glial cells that forms a muelin sheath around axons
-
Are located in the central nervous system
-
Conduct nerve impulses
Question 74
Question
Select the appropriate term from the drop-down box for each definition. Each term will be used only once, but since there are more terms than definitions, not all terms will be used.
1. [blank_start]______[blank_end] The conscious part of the brain
2. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Area of the brain that modifies cerebral output
3. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Part of the brain responsible for your biological clock and body temperature
4. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Specific personality and decision-making part of the brain
5. [blank_start]_____[blank_end] System responsible for short-term memory
6. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Language center of the brain that interprets the meaning of speech
Answer
-
A. Broca's area
-
A. Wernicke's area
-
A. Diencephalon
-
A. Brainstem
-
A. Cerebrum
-
A. Cerebellum
-
A. Somatosensory area
-
A. Prefrontal cortex
-
A. Limbic system
-
A. Ventricular system
-
B. Broca's area
-
B. Wernicke's area
-
B. Diencephalon
-
B. Brainstem
-
B. Cerebrum
-
B. Cerebellum
-
B. Somatosensory area
-
B. Prefrontal cortex
-
B. Limbic system
-
B. Ventricular system
-
C. Broca's area
-
C. Wernicke's area
-
C. Diencephalon
-
C. Brainstem
-
C. Cerebrum
-
C. Cerebellum
-
C. Somatosensory area
-
C. Prefrontal cortex
-
C. Limbic system
-
C. Ventricular system
-
D. Broca's area
-
D. Wernicke's area
-
D. Diencephalon
-
D. Brainstem
-
D. Cerebrum
-
D. Cerebellum
-
D. Somatosensory area
-
D. Prefrontal cortex
-
D. Limbic system
-
D. Ventricular system
-
E. Broca's area
-
E. Wernicke's area
-
E. Diencephalon
-
E. Brainstem
-
E. Cerebrum
-
E. Cerebellum
-
E. Somatosensory area
-
E. Prefrontal cortex
-
E. Limbic system
-
E. Ventricular system
-
F. Broca's area
-
F. Wernicke's area
-
F. Diencephalon
-
F. Brainstem
-
F. Cerebrum
-
F. Cerebellum
-
F. Somatosensory area
-
F. Prefrontal cortex
-
F. Limbic system
-
F. Ventricular system
Question 75
Question
In general, people are left- or right-brained depending on their personality.
Question 76
Question
Label the regions of the brain.
Answer
-
(A) Cerebrum
-
(A) Cerebellum
-
(A) Brainstem
-
(A) Diencephalon
-
(B) Cerebrum
-
(B) Cerebellum
-
(B) Diencephalon
-
(B) Brainstem
-
(C) Cerebrum
-
(C) Cerebellum
-
(C) Diencephalon
-
(C) Brainstem
-
(D) Brainstem
-
(D) Diencephalon
-
(D) Cerebrum
-
(D) Cerebellum
Question 77
Question
Hormones are involved in maintaining circadian rhythm (melatonin) as well as regulating glucose in the bloodstream (glucagon and insulin).
Question 78
Question
Select the correct term from the drop-down box for each definition. Terms may be used once or not at all.
1. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Visible portion of the outer ear
2. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Eardrum
3. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Connects the middle ear to the throat to equalize air pressure
4. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Where sound is converted from vibrations to action potentials
5. [blank_start]______[blank_end] One component of the vestibular apparatus of the inner ear
6. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Ringing in the ears
7. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Malleus, incus, and stapes
Answer
-
(A) Pharyngotympanic tube
-
(A) Auditory ossicles
-
(A) Oval window
-
(A) Tympanic membrane
-
(A) Pinna
-
(A) Auditory canal
-
(A) Semicircular canals
-
(A) Cochlea
-
(A) Tinnitus
-
(B) Pharyngotympanic tube
-
(B) Auditory ossicles
-
(B) Oval window
-
(B) Tympanic membrane
-
(B) Pinna
-
(B) Auditory canal
-
(B) Semicircular canals
-
(B) Cochlea
-
(B) Tinnitus
-
(C) Pharyngotympanic tube
-
(C) Auditory ossicles
-
(C) Oval window
-
(C) Tympanic membrane
-
(C) Pinna
-
(C) Auditory canal
-
(C) Semicircular canals
-
(C) Cochlea
-
(C) Tinnitus
-
(D) Pharyngotympanic tube
-
(D) Auditory ossicles
-
(D) Oval window
-
(D) Tympanic membrane
-
(D) Pinna
-
(D) Auditory canal
-
(D) Semicircular canals
-
(D) Cochlea
-
(D) Tinnitus
-
(E) Pharyngotympanic tube
-
(E) Auditory ossicles
-
(E) Oval window
-
(E) Tympanic membrane
-
(E) Pinna
-
(E) Auditory canal
-
(E) Semicircular canals
-
(E) Cochlea
-
(E) Tinnitus
-
(F) Pharyngotympanic tube
-
(F) Auditory ossicles
-
(F) Oval window
-
(F) Tympanic membrane
-
(F) Pinna
-
(F) Auditory canal
-
(F) Semicircular canals
-
(F) Cochlea
-
(F) Tinnitus
-
(G) Pharyngotympanic tube
-
(G) Auditory ossicles
-
(G) Oval window
-
(G) Tympanic membrane
-
(G) Pinna
-
(G) Auditory canal
-
(G) Semicircular canals
-
(G) Cochlea
-
(G) Tinnitus
Question 79
Question
Select the correct term from the drop-down box for each definition. Terms may be used once or not at all.
1. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Middle layer of the eye that contains the iris
2. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Center region of the retina with the highest density of photoreceptors
3. [blank_start]______[blank_end] White part of the eye
4. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Thin vascularized membrane of the outer eye
5. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Retinal cells that allow us to see color
6. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Portion of the eye responsible for the majority of light bending
7. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Elasticity of this part of the eye decreases with age
8. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Farsightedness
Answer
-
A. Hyperopia
-
A. Myopia
-
A. Lens
-
A. Optic disk
-
A. Macula
-
A. Cornea
-
A. Selera
-
A. Uvea
-
A. Conjunctiva
-
A. Rods
-
A. Cones
-
B. Hyperopia
-
B. Myopia
-
B. Lens
-
B. Optic disk
-
B. Macula
-
B. Cornea
-
B. Selera
-
B. Uvea
-
B. Conjunctiva
-
B. Rods
-
B. Cones
-
C. Hyperopia
-
C. Myopia
-
C. Lens
-
C. Optic disk
-
C. Macula
-
C. Cornea
-
C. Selera
-
C. Uvea
-
C. Conjunctiva
-
C. Rods
-
C. Cones
-
D. Hyperopia
-
D. Myopia
-
D. Lens
-
D. Optic disk
-
D. Macula
-
D. Cornea
-
D. Selera
-
D. Uvea
-
D. Conjunctiva
-
D. Rods
-
D. Cones
-
E. Hyperopia
-
E. Myopia
-
E. Lens
-
E. Optic disk
-
E. Macula
-
E. Cornea
-
E. Selera
-
E. Uvea
-
E. Conjunctiva
-
E. Rods
-
E. Cones
-
F. Hyperopia
-
F. Myopia
-
F. Lens
-
F. Optic disk
-
F. Macula
-
F. Cornea
-
F. Selera
-
F. Uvea
-
F. Conjunctiva
-
F. Rods
-
F. Cones
-
G. Hyperopia
-
G. Myopia
-
G. Lens
-
G. Optic disk
-
G. Macula
-
G. Cornea
-
G. Selera
-
G. Uvea
-
G. Conjunctiva
-
G. Rods
-
G. Cones
-
hyperopia
-
myopia
Question 80
Question
Select the following characteristic(s) or the NERVOUS SYSTEM:
Answer
-
Uses electrical signals
-
Signals circulate in the blood
-
Coordinates responses in the body
-
Slow start and stop (seconds to weeks)
Question 81
Question
Select the following characteristic(s) of the ENDOCRINE SYSTEM:
Answer
-
Uses electrical signals
-
Signals circulate in the blood
-
Coordinates responses within the body
-
Slow start and stop (seconds to weeks)
Question 82
Question
Select the following characteristic(s) of STEROID HORMONES:
Answer
-
lipid-soluble (hydrophobic)
-
receptors are present on the outside of the target cell membrane
-
examples include estrogen, testosterone, and cortisol
-
usually stimulate DNA to make RNA to make protein
-
typically larger hormones
Question 83
Question
Select the following characteristic(s) of NON-STEROID HORMONES:
Answer
-
lipid-soluble (hydrophobic)
-
receptors are present on the outside of the target cell membrane
-
examples include estrogen, testosterone, and cortisol
-
usually stimulate DNA to make RNA to make protein
-
typically larger hormones
Question 84
Question
Select the appropriate term for each definition. All terms will be used once.
1. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Produced by the pancreatic beta cells to lower blood sugar
2. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Produced by the anterior pituitary and stimulates cell division
3. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Produced by the pineal gland to regulate circadian rhythm
4. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Produced by the adrenal medulla and is part of the "fight or flight" response
5. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Produced by the thyroid gland to lower blood calcium levels
6. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Produced by the pancreatic alpha cells to raise blood sugar
7. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Produced by the adrenal cortex and decreases the immune response
8. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Produced by the posterior pituitary and reduces the amount of water lost in urine
9. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Produced by the parathyroid gland to increase blood calcium levels
Answer
-
A. Calcitonin
-
A. Glucagon
-
A. Epinephrine
-
A. Human growth hormone (hGH)
-
A. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
-
A. Melatonin
-
A. Cortisol
-
A. Insulin
-
A. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
-
B. Calcitonin
-
B. Glucagon
-
B. Epinephrine
-
B. Human growth hormone (hGH)
-
B. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
-
B. Melatonin
-
B. Cortisol
-
B. Insulin
-
B. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
-
C. Calcitonin
-
C. Glucagon
-
C. Epinephrine
-
C. Human growth hormone (hGH)
-
C. Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
-
C. Melatonin
-
C. Cortisol
-
C. Insulin
-
C. Antidiuretic hormone
-
D. Calcitonin
-
D. Glucagon
-
D. Epinephrine
-
D. Human growth hormone (hGH)
-
D. parathyroid hormone (PTH)
-
D. Melatonin
-
D. Cortisol
-
D. Insulin
-
D. Antidiuretic hormone (ADH)
-
E. Calcitonin
-
E. Glucagon
-
E. Epinephrine
-
E. hGH
-
E. PTH
-
E. Melatonin
-
E. Cortisol
-
E. Insulin
-
E. ADH
-
F. Calcitonin
-
F. Glucagon
-
F. Epinephrine
-
F. hGH
-
F. PTH
-
F. Melatonin
-
F. Cortisol
-
F. Insulin
-
F. ADH
-
G. Calcitonin
-
G. Glucagon
-
G. Epinephrine
-
G. hGH
-
G. PTH
-
G. Melatonin
-
G. Cortisol
-
G. Insulin
-
G. ADH
-
H. Calcitonin
-
H. Glucagon
-
H. Epinephrine
-
H. hGH
-
H. PTH
-
H. Melatonin
-
H. Cortisol
-
H. Insulin
-
H. ADH
-
I. Calcitonin
-
I. Glucagon
-
I. Epinephrine
-
I. hGH
-
I. PTH
-
I. Melatonin
-
I. Cortisol
-
I. Insulin
-
I. ADH
Question 85
Question
Type I Diabetes is an autoimmune condition.
Question 86
Question
Lateralization is the tendency for some neural functions or cognitive processes to be more dominant in one hemisphere than in the other.
Question 87
Question
The main function of the digestive system is to detoxify the body.
Question 88
Question
________ is the process of releasing substances from cells into the lumen of the gut.
Answer
-
digestion
-
secretion
-
absorption
Question 89
Question
______ occurs when smooth muscle in front of a bolus relaxes, and contracts behind.
Answer
-
Peristalsis
-
Sweeping
-
Absorption
-
Segmentation
Question 90
Question
Which of the following occurs in the mouth?
Answer
-
mechanical digestion
-
chemical digestion
-
secretion
-
all of these
Question 91
Question
Acid reflux, the backflow of stomach fluid into the esophagus, most commonly occurs due to
Question 92
Question
Pepsin and lipases are present in gastric juice to break down proteins and lipids, respectively.
Question 93
Question
Gastric juice contains hydrochloric acid (HCl) that unfolds proteins and inhibits bacterial growth.
Question 94
Question
Gastric juice contains mucus to protect the cells lining the stomach from acid.
Question 95
Question
The majority of nutrient and water absorption occurs in the [blank_start]small intestine[blank_end].
Answer
-
small intestine
-
large intestine
-
stomach
-
appendix
Question 96
Question
A normal gastric emptying time is [blank_start]2 to 6[blank_end] hours.
Answer
-
2 to 6
-
less than 1
-
less than 2
-
6 to 10
Question 97
Question
The most common cause of peptic ulcers, or open sores of the stomach's mucosal lining, is
Answer
-
bacterial infection
-
stomach cancer
-
vitamin overconsumption
-
stress
Question 98
Question
The majority of feces is
Answer
-
indigestible material
-
water
-
bacteria (dead or alive)
-
enzymes
Question 99
Question
Amylases (salivary and pancreatic) are the main contributors to the breakdown of
Answer
-
polysaccharides
-
proteins
-
lipids
Question 100
Question
A main function of the urinary system is to maintain fluid volume of the lymphatic vessels.
Question 101
Question
Women are more likely to develop urinary tract infections (UTIs) than men because
Answer
-
women have a shorter urethra
-
women have a longer urethra
-
women have a smaller bladder
-
women have a larger bladder
Question 102
Question
The [blank_start]ureter[blank_end] is a tube-like connection that supports the flow of urine from the kidney to the bladder.
Answer
-
ureter
-
urethra
-
vas (ductus) deferens
-
oviduct
Question 103
Question
The corpus luteum develops in the [blank_start]ovary[blank_end] from the [blank_start]ruptured follicle[blank_end].
Answer
-
ovary
-
uterus
-
ruptured follicle
-
ovulated follicle
-
immature oocyte
-
embryo
Question 104
Question
Put the following organs and structures in order (1-8) from the first place where food enters the body (1) to the last place where waste exits (8).
Question 105
Question
Select the correct term from the drop-down box for each definition/statement. Each term will be used only once.
1. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Responsible for the movement of food/chyme/feces
2. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Anchors the gut to the surrounding tissue
3. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Only layer capable of absorption
4. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Contains blood vessels to carry away absorbed nutrients
Answer
-
A. Submucosa
-
A. Mucosa
-
A. Muscularis externa
-
A. Serosa/adventitia
-
B. Serosa/adventitia
-
B. Submucosa
-
B. Mucosa
-
B. Muscularis externa
-
C. Mucosa
-
C. Submucosa
-
C. Muscularis externa
-
C. Serosa/adventitia
-
D. Submucosa
-
D. Mucosa
-
D. Serosa/adventitia
-
D. Muscularis externa
Question 106
Question
The mucosa is highly folded to increase its surface area.
Question 107
Question
Select the correct term from the drop-down box for each definition. Each term will only be used once, but since there are more terms than definitions, not all terms will be used.
1. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Stores/concentrates bile
2. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Major function is to produce digestive enzymes
3. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Processes/stores nutrients absorbed by the small intestine
4. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Small pouch extending from the cecum.
Answer
-
A. Liver
-
A. Appendix
-
A. Gallbladder
-
A. Pancreas
-
A. Large intestine
-
B. Liver
-
B. Appendix
-
B. Gallbladder
-
B. Pancreas
-
B. Large intestine
-
C. Liver
-
C. Appendix
-
C. Gallbladder
-
C. Pancreas
-
C. large intestine
-
D. Liver
-
D. Gallbladder
-
D. Appendix
-
D. Pancreas
-
D. Large intestine
Question 108
Question
Three main functions of the liver are that it processes/stores nutrients absorbed by the small intestine, it cleans/detoxifies blood, and it makes bile.
Question 109
Question
Select the appropriate term from the drop-down box for each statement. Each term will be used once, but since there are more terms than statements, not all terms will be used.
1. [blank_start]______[blank_end] GI disorder that results from lacking an enzyme to digest a particular molecule
2. [blank_start]______[blank_end] GI disorder that results from T cells and/or other antibodies attacking a molecule in food
3. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Noncancerous growths
4. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Specific disorder where immune system responds to gluten by destroying small intestine microvilli
5. [blank_start]_____[blank_end] Inflammation of the liver
6. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Weakness of the large intestine wall
Answer
-
A. Hepatitis
-
A. Diverticulosis
-
A. Polyps
-
A. Celiac disease
-
A. Food allergy
-
A. Food intolerance
-
A. Food sensitivity
-
B. Hepatitis
-
B. Diverticulosis
-
B. Polyps
-
B. Celiac disease
-
B. Food allergy
-
B. Food intolerance
-
B. Food sensitivity
-
C. Hepatitis
-
C. Diverticulosis
-
C. Polyps
-
C. Celiac disease
-
C. Food allergy
-
C. Food intolerance
-
C. Food sensitivity
-
D. Hepatitis
-
D. Diverticulosis
-
D. Polyps
-
D. Celiac disease
-
D. Food allergy
-
D. Food intolerance
-
D. Food sensitivity
-
E. Hepatitis
-
E. Diverticulosis
-
E. Polyps
-
E. Celiac disease
-
E. Food allergy
-
E. Food intolerance
-
E. Food sensitivity
-
F. Hepatitis
-
F. Diverticulosis
-
F. Polyps
-
F. Celiac disease
-
F. Food allergy
-
F. Food sensitivity
-
F. Food intolerance
Question 110
Question
Select the appropriate term from the drop-down box for each statement. Each term will be used once, but since there are more terms than statements, not all terms will be used.
1. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Inner epithelial lining of the uterus where embryo implants
2. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Where immature oocytes develop within the ovary
3. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Narrow part of the uterus that extends slightly into the vagina
4. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Hollow muscular organ that is continuous with external genitalia
5. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Typical site of egg fertilization
6. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Most commoon type of ectopic pregnancy
Answer
-
A. Cervix
-
A. Uterus
-
A. Vagina
-
A. Oviduct
-
A. Follicle
-
A. Myometrium
-
A. Endometrium
-
A. Ampullar
-
A. Intramural
-
B. Cervix
-
B. Uterus
-
B. Vagina
-
B. Oviduct
-
B. Follicle
-
B. Myometrium
-
B. Endometrium
-
B. Ampullar
-
B. Intramural
-
C. Cervix
-
C. Uterus
-
C. Vagina
-
C. Oviduct
-
C. Follicle
-
C. Myometrium
-
C. Endometrium
-
C. Intramural
-
C. Ampullar
-
D. Cervix
-
D. Uterus
-
D. Vagina
-
D. Oviduct
-
D. Myometrium
-
D. Endometrium
-
D. Intramural
-
D. Ampullar
-
E. Cervix
-
E. Uterus
-
E. Vagina
-
E. Oviduct
-
E. Follicle
-
E. Myometrium
-
E. Endometrium
-
E. Intramural
-
E. Ampullar
-
F. Cervix
-
F. Vagina
-
F. Oviduct
-
F. Uterus
-
F. Follicle
-
F. Myometrium
-
F. Endometrium
-
F. Intramural
-
F. Ampullar
Question 111
Question
Select the appropriate term from the drop-down box for each statement. Two of the three terms will be used.
1. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Hormone secreted by the embryo that tells the corpus luteum to remain alive
2. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Hormone secreted by the pituitary gland that stimulates ovulation
Answer
-
A. Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
-
A. Luteinizing hormone (LH)
-
A. Human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg)
-
B. follicle stimulating hormone (FSH)
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B. luteinizing hormone (LH)
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B. human chorionic gonadotropin (hcg)
Question 112
Question
Luteinizing hormone (LH) is secreted by the pituitary gland, which causes testosterone to remain in the testes longer.
Question 113
Question
Using the figure of meiosis, please write a number (for steps 1-3) or letter (for cells A-D) in the blanks below. There may be multiple answers per blank.
1. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Step where DNA replicates
2. [blank_start]______[blank_end] First cell that is haploid
3. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Division step that is identical to mitosis
4. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Daughter cells
5. [blank_start]______[blank_end] Diploid cells
Question 114
Question
The urethra also carries urine outside the body.
Question 115
Question
The epididymis is cut and tied during a vasectomy.
Question 116
Question
The testis is the site of meiosis.
Question 117
Question
The urethra contains tightly-packed seminiferous tubules.
Question 118
Question
Sperm develop mobility in the epididymis.