Question 1
Question
1) Pathogens are [blank_start]microorganisms[blank_end] that enter the [blank_start]body[blank_end] and cause [blank_start]disease[blank_end].
2) They cause [blank_start]communicable[blank_end] (infectious) [blank_start]diseases[blank_end] that can easily [blank_start]spread[blank_end].
3) Both [blank_start]plants[blank_end] and [blank_start]animals[blank_end] can be [blank_start]infected[blank_end] by [blank_start]pathogens[blank_end].
Answer
-
microorganisms
-
body
-
disease
-
communicable
-
diseases
-
spread
-
plants
-
animals
-
infected
-
pathogens
Question 2
Question
1) Bacteria are very [blank_start]small[blank_end] living [blank_start]cells[blank_end] (about [blank_start]1/100th[blank_end] the size of [blank_start]body[blank_end] cells), which can [blank_start]reproduce[blank_end] rapidly inside your [blank_start]body[blank_end].
2) They can make you [blank_start]feel ill[blank_end] by [blank_start]producing toxins[blank_end] (poisons) that [blank_start]damage[blank_end] your [blank_start]cells[blank_end] and [blank_start]tissues[blank_end].
Answer
-
small
-
cells
-
1/100th
-
body
-
reproduce
-
body
-
feel ill
-
producing toxins
-
damage
-
cells
-
tissues
Question 3
Question
1) Viruses are [blank_start]not cells[blank_end]. They're [blank_start]tiny[blank_end], about [blank_start]1/100th[blank_end] the size of a [blank_start]bacterium[blank_end].
2) Like [blank_start]bacteria[blank_end], they can [blank_start]reproduce[blank_end] rapidly inside your [blank_start]body[blank_end].
Answer
-
not cells
-
tiny
-
1/100th
-
bacterium
-
bacteria
-
reproduce
-
body
Question 4
Question
3) They live inside your [blank_start]cells[blank_end] and [blank_start]replicate themselves[blank_end] using the [blank_start]cells' machinery[blank_end] to [blank_start]produce[blank_end] many [blank_start]copies[blank_end] of themselves. The cell will usually then [blank_start]burst[blank_end], releasing all the [blank_start]new viruses[blank_end].
4) This [blank_start]cell damage[blank_end] is what makes you feel [blank_start]ill[blank_end].
Answer
-
cells
-
replicate themselves
-
cells' machinery
-
produce
-
copies
-
burst
-
new viruses
-
cell damage
-
ill
Question 5
Question
1) Protists are Single - Celled Eukaryotes. There are lots of different [blank_start]types[blank_end]. But they're all [blank_start]eukaryotes[blank_end] and most of them are [blank_start]single - celled[blank_end].
Answer
-
types
-
eukaryotes
-
single - celled
Question 6
Question
2) Some protists are [blank_start]parasites[blank_end]. They live [blank_start]on[blank_end] or [blank_start]inside[blank_end] other [blank_start]organisms[blank_end] and can cause them [blank_start]damage[blank_end]. They are often [blank_start]transferred[blank_end] to the [blank_start]organism[blank_end] by a [blank_start]vector[blank_end], which [blank_start]doesn't[blank_end] get the [blank_start]disease[blank_end] [blank_start]itself[blank_end] - eg. an [blank_start]insect[blank_end] that [blank_start]carries[blank_end] the [blank_start]protist[blank_end].
Answer
-
parasites
-
on
-
inside
-
organisms
-
damage
-
transferred
-
organism
-
vector
-
doesn't
-
disease
-
itself
-
insect
-
carries
-
protist
Question 7
Question
1) Fungi come in different [blank_start]shapes[blank_end]. Some [blank_start]fungi[blank_end] are [blank_start]single[blank_end] - celled. [blank_start]Others[blank_end] have a [blank_start]body[blank_end] which is made up of [blank_start]hyphae[blank_end] ( [blank_start]thread - like[blank_end] structures).
2) These [blank_start]hyphae[blank_end] can [blank_start]grow[blank_end] and [blank_start]penetrate[blank_end] human [blank_start]skin[blank_end] and the [blank_start]surface[blank_end] area of [blank_start]plants[blank_end], causing [blank_start]diseases[blank_end].
Answer
-
shapes
-
fungi
-
single
-
Others
-
body
-
hyphae
-
thread - like
-
hyphae
-
grow
-
penetrate
-
skin
-
surface
-
plants
-
diseases
Question 8
Question
3) The [blank_start]hyphae[blank_end] can produce [blank_start]spores[blank_end], which can be [blank_start]spread[blank_end] to other [blank_start]plants[blank_end] and [blank_start]animals[blank_end].
Answer
-
hyphae
-
spores
-
spread
-
plants
-
animals
Question 9
Question
Pathogens can be spread in many ways.
1) Water - Some [blank_start]pathogens[blank_end] can be picked up by [blank_start]drinking[blank_end] or [blank_start]bathing[blank_end] in [blank_start]dirty water[blank_end]. Eg, [blank_start]cholera[blank_end] is a [blank_start]bacterial infection[blank_end] that's [blank_start]spread[blank_end] by [blank_start]drinking[blank_end] water [blank_start]contaminated[blank_end] with the [blank_start]diarrhoea[blank_end] of other [blank_start]sufferers[blank_end].
Answer
-
pathogens
-
drinking
-
bathing
-
dirty water
-
cholera
-
bacterial infection
-
spread
-
drinking
-
contaminated
-
diarrhoea
-
sufferers
Question 10
Question
2) Air - [blank_start]Pathogens[blank_end] can be [blank_start]carried[blank_end] in the [blank_start]air[blank_end] and can then be [blank_start]breathed[blank_end] in. Some [blank_start]airborne[blank_end] pathogens are [blank_start]carried[blank_end] in the [blank_start]air[blank_end] in [blank_start]droplets[blank_end] produced when you [blank_start]cough[blank_end] or [blank_start]sneeze[blank_end] - eg, the [blank_start]influenze virus[blank_end] that causes [blank_start]flu[blank_end] is [blank_start]spread[blank_end] this way.
Answer
-
Pathogens
-
carried
-
air
-
breathed
-
airborne
-
carried
-
air
-
droplets
-
cough
-
sneeze
-
influenze virus
-
flu
-
spread
Question 11
Question
1) Measles is a [blank_start]viral[blank_end] disease. It is [blank_start]spread[blank_end] by [blank_start]droplets[blank_end] from an [blank_start]infected[blank_end] person's [blank_start]sneeze[blank_end] or [blank_start]cough[blank_end].
2) People with [blank_start]measles[blank_end] develop a [blank_start]red[blank_end] skin [blank_start]rash[blank_end], and they'll show signs of a [blank_start]fever[blank_end] (high temperature).
Answer
-
viral
-
spread
-
droplets
-
infected
-
sneeze
-
cough
-
measles
-
red
-
rash
-
fever
Question 12
Question
3) Measles can be very [blank_start]serious[blank_end], or even [blank_start]fatal[blank_end], if there are [blank_start]complications[blank_end]. For example, measles can sometimes lead to [blank_start]pneumonia[blank_end] (a [blank_start]lung[blank_end] infection) or a [blank_start]brain[blank_end] infection called [blank_start]encephalitis[blank_end].
4) Most people are [blank_start]vaccinated[blank_end] against measles when they're [blank_start]young[blank_end].
Answer
-
serious
-
fatal
-
complications
-
pneumonia
-
lung
-
brain
-
encephalitis
-
vaccinated
-
young
Question 13
Question
1) HIV is a [blank_start]virus[blank_end] spread by [blank_start]sexual[blank_end] contact, or by [blank_start]exchanging[blank_end] bodily [blank_start]fluids[blank_end] such as [blank_start]blood[blank_end]. This can happen when people share [blank_start]needles[blank_end] when taking [blank_start]drugs[blank_end].
Answer
-
virus
-
sexual
-
exchanging
-
fluids
-
blood
-
needles
-
drugs
Question 14
Question
2) HIV initially causes [blank_start]flu[blank_end] - like [blank_start]symptoms[blank_end] for a few [blank_start]weeks[blank_end]. Usually, the person [blank_start]doesn't[blank_end] then experience any [blank_start]symptoms[blank_end] for [blank_start]several years[blank_end]. [blank_start]During[blank_end] this time, [blank_start]HIV[blank_end] can be [blank_start]controlled[blank_end] with [blank_start]antiretroviral[blank_end] drugs. These [blank_start]stop[blank_end] the virus [blank_start]replicating[blank_end] in the [blank_start]body[blank_end].
Answer
-
flu
-
symptoms
-
weeks
-
doesn't
-
symptoms
-
several years
-
During
-
HIV
-
controlled
-
antiretroviral
-
stop
-
replicating
-
body
Question 15
Question
3) The virus [blank_start]attacks[blank_end] the [blank_start]immune[blank_end] cells.
4) If the body's [blank_start]immune[blank_end] system is badly [blank_start]damaged[blank_end], it [blank_start]can't cope[blank_end] with [blank_start]other[blank_end] infections or [blank_start]cancers[blank_end]. At this [blank_start]stage[blank_end], the virus is [blank_start]known[blank_end] as [blank_start]late stage HIV infection[blank_end], or [blank_start]AIDS[blank_end].
Answer
-
attacks
-
immune
-
immune
-
damaged
-
can't cope
-
other
-
cancers
-
stage
-
known
-
late stage HIV infection
-
AIDS
Question 16
Question
1) [blank_start]Tobacco[blank_end] mosaic virus ([blank_start]TMV[blank_end]) is a virus that [blank_start]affects[blank_end] many [blank_start]species[blank_end] of [blank_start]plants[blank_end], eg. [blank_start]tomatoes[blank_end].
2) It causes a [blank_start]mosaic pattern[blank_end] on the [blank_start]leaves[blank_end] of the [blank_start]plants[blank_end] - [blank_start]parts[blank_end] of the leaves become [blank_start]discoloured[blank_end].
Answer
-
Tobacco
-
TMV
-
affects
-
species
-
plants
-
tomatoes
-
mosaic pattern
-
leaves
-
plants
-
parts
-
discoloured
Question 17
Question
3) The [blank_start]discolouration[blank_end] means the plant [blank_start]can't[blank_end] carry out [blank_start]photosynthesis[blank_end] as well, so the virus [blank_start]affects[blank_end] [blank_start]growth[blank_end].
Answer
-
discolouration
-
can't
-
photosynthesis
-
growth
-
affects
Question 18
Question
1) Rose [blank_start]black[blank_end] spot is a [blank_start]fungus[blank_end] that causes [blank_start]purple[blank_end] or [blank_start]black[blank_end] [blank_start]spots[blank_end] to develop on the [blank_start]leaves[blank_end] of [blank_start]rose plants[blank_end]. The leaves can then turn [blank_start]yellow[blank_end] and [blank_start]drop[blank_end] off.
2) This means that [blank_start]less[blank_end] [blank_start]photosynthesis[blank_end] can happen, so the plant [blank_start]doesn't[blank_end] [blank_start]grow[blank_end] very well.
Answer
-
black
-
fungus
-
purple
-
black
-
spots
-
leaves
-
rose plants
-
yellow
-
drop
-
less
-
photosynthesis
-
doesn't
-
grow
Question 19
Question
3) It [blank_start]spreads[blank_end] through the [blank_start]environment[blank_end] in [blank_start]water[blank_end] or by the [blank_start]wind[blank_end].
Answer
-
spreads
-
environment
-
water
-
wind
Question 20
Question
4) [blank_start]Gardeners[blank_end] can [blank_start]treat[blank_end] the [blank_start]disease[blank_end] using [blank_start]fungicides[blank_end] and by [blank_start]stripping[blank_end] the [blank_start]plant[blank_end] of its [blank_start]affected leaves[blank_end]. These leaves then need to be [blank_start]destroyed[blank_end] so that the [blank_start]fungus[blank_end] [blank_start]can't[blank_end] spread to [blank_start]other rose[blank_end] plants.
Answer
-
Gardeners
-
disease
-
fungicides
-
treat
-
stripping
-
plant
-
affected leaves
-
destroyed
-
fungus
-
can't
-
other rose
Question 21
Question
1) Malaria is [blank_start]caused[blank_end] by a [blank_start]protist[blank_end].
2) Part of the [blank_start]malarial[blank_end] [blank_start]protist's[blank_end] [blank_start]life[blank_end] cycle takes [blank_start]place[blank_end] [blank_start]inside[blank_end] the [blank_start]mosquito[blank_end]. The mosquitos are [blank_start]vectors[blank_end] - they [blank_start]pick up[blank_end] the [blank_start]malarial protist[blank_end] when they [blank_start]feed[blank_end] on an [blank_start]infected[blank_end] [blank_start]animal[blank_end].
Answer
-
caused
-
protist
-
malarial
-
protist's
-
life
-
place
-
inside
-
mosquito
-
vectors
-
pick up
-
malarial protist
-
feed
-
infected
-
animal
Question 22
Question
3) [blank_start]Every[blank_end] time the mosquito [blank_start]feeds[blank_end] on [blank_start]another[blank_end] animal, it [blank_start]infects[blank_end] it by [blank_start]inserting[blank_end] the [blank_start]protist[blank_end] into the animal's [blank_start]blood[blank_end] [blank_start]vessels[blank_end].
4) [blank_start]Malaria[blank_end] causes [blank_start]repeating[blank_end] [blank_start]episodes[blank_end] of [blank_start]fever[blank_end]. It can be [blank_start]fatal[blank_end].
Answer
-
Every
-
feeds
-
another
-
infects
-
inserting
-
protist
-
blood
-
vessels
-
Malaria
-
repeating
-
episodes
-
fever
-
fatal
Question 23
Question
5) The [blank_start]spread[blank_end] of malaria can be [blank_start]reduced[blank_end] by [blank_start]stopping[blank_end] the [blank_start]mosquitoes[blank_end] from [blank_start]breeding[blank_end].
6) [blank_start]People[blank_end] can be [blank_start]protected[blank_end] from [blank_start]mosquitos[blank_end] using [blank_start]insecticides[blank_end] and [blank_start]mosquito nets.[blank_end]
Answer
-
spread
-
reduced
-
stopping
-
mosquitoes
-
breeding
-
People
-
protected
-
mosquitos
-
insecticides
-
mosquito nets.
Question 24
Question
1) Sal[blank_start]mon[blank_end]ella is a type of [blank_start]bacteria[blank_end] that causes [blank_start]food poisoning.[blank_end]
2) [blank_start]Infected[blank_end] people can [blank_start]suffer[blank_end] from [blank_start]fever[blank_end], stomach [blank_start]cramps[blank_end], [blank_start]vomit[blank_end]ing and [blank_start]diarrhoea[blank_end].
3) These [blank_start]symptoms[blank_end] are caused by the [blank_start]toxins[blank_end] that the bacteria [blank_start]produce[blank_end].
Answer
-
mon
-
bacteria
-
food poisoning.
-
Infected
-
suffer
-
fever
-
cramps
-
vomit
-
diarrhoea
-
symptoms
-
toxins
-
produce
Question 25
Question
4) You can get [blank_start]Salmonella[blank_end] food [blank_start]poisoning[blank_end] by [blank_start]eating[blank_end] food that's been [blank_start]contaminated[blank_end] with Salmonella [blank_start]bacteria[blank_end]. Eg. eating [blank_start]chicken[blank_end] that [blank_start]caught[blank_end] the disease whilst it was [blank_start]alive[blank_end], or [blank_start]eating[blank_end] food that's been [blank_start]contaminated[blank_end] by being prepared in [blank_start]unhygienic[blank_end] conditions.
Answer
-
Salmonella
-
poisoning
-
eating
-
contaminated
-
bacteria
-
chicken
-
caught
-
alive
-
eating
-
contaminated
-
unhygienic
Question 26
Question
5) In the [blank_start]UK[blank_end], most [blank_start]poultry[blank_end] (like [blank_start]chickens[blank_end] and [blank_start]turkeys[blank_end]) is given a [blank_start]vaccination[blank_end] against [blank_start]Salmonella[blank_end]. This is to [blank_start]control[blank_end] the [blank_start]spread[blank_end] of the [blank_start]disease[blank_end].
Answer
-
UK
-
poultry
-
chickens
-
turkeys
-
vaccination
-
Salmonella
-
control
-
spread
-
disease