Question 1
Question
A woman in her mid-30s all of sudden begins to feel dizzy and is panting. She has angina and a paresthesia in her fingers.These symptoms worsen until she feels like she is going to die. The total episode lasts for about 10 minutes before resolving completely.
Answer
-
Acute asthma
-
Myocardial infarction
-
Panic attack
-
Temporal lobe epilepsy
-
TIA
Question 2
Question
A 20-year-old woman overdosed on paracetamol tablets 9 hours ago. Which is the single most appropriate emergency treatment?
Answer
-
Activated charcoal
-
Diazepam
-
Flumazenil
-
N-Acetylcysteine
-
Naloxone
Question 3
Question
A young woman has panic attacks when she has to attend formal meetings at work. Even socially, she feels anxious when meeting friends.
Question 4
Question
The aorta [blank_start]passes[blank_end] [blank_start]through[blank_end] the diaphragm at level T[blank_start]12[blank_end].
Question 5
Question
The [blank_start]phrenic[blank_end] nerves ( C[blank_start]3[blank_end] C[blank_start]4[blank_end] and C[blank_start]5[blank_end]) supply the diaphragm.
Question 6
Question
The sternal angle is at T4/ T5.
Question 7
Question
The right lung has the oblique and horizontal fissures.
Question 8
Question
The left lung only contains the oblique fissure.
Question 9
Question
Oblique fissure starts posteriorly at T4.
It goes from the 4th intercostal space till the 6th costal cartilage.
Question 10
Question
Horizontal fissure follows along the 6th rib
Question 11
Question
Three major alveolar cell types in the alveolar wall:
Type I pneumocytes (Pc I)
Type II pneumocytes (Pc II)
Dust cells
Which is the correct pairing of functions?
Answer
-
Pc I: Surfactant production.
Pc II: Destroys foreign objects
Dust cells: Gas exchange.
-
Pc I: Gas exchange
Pc II: Surfactant production
Dust cells: Secretes dust–like hormones into the alveoli.
-
Pc I: Gas exchange
Pc II: Destroys foreign objects
Dust cells: Surfactant production.
-
Pc I: Surfactant production.
Pc II: GPc I: Gas exchange. Pc II: Surfactant production. Dust cells: Destroys foreign objects.
Pc I: Gas exchange. Pc II: Surfactant production. Dust cells: Destroys foreign objects.
as exchange.
Dust cells: Secretes dust –like hormones into the alveoli.
-
Pc I: Gas exchange
Pc II: Surfactant production
Dust cells: Destroys foreign objects.
Question 12
Question
The cells found in the alveolar wall are type [blank_start]I[blank_end] pneumocytes. AKA [blank_start]squamous[blank_end] alveolar cells.
Type [blank_start]II[blank_end] pneumocytes secrete pulmonary surfactant to prevent the alveoli from collapsing. AKA [blank_start]great[blank_end] alveolar cells.
[blank_start]Macrophages[blank_end] are also called dust cells.
Answer
-
Macrophages
-
II
-
I
-
squamous
-
great
Question 13
Question
Label the parts. (no numbers-- spell everything fully out)
Answer
-
epiglottis
-
hyoid bone
-
thyroid cartilage
-
cricoid cartilage
-
first tracheal cartilage
Question 14
Question
Label parts of the larynx. No numbers/ everything needs to be fully written out.
Answer
-
hyoid bone
-
thyrohyoid membrane
-
thyroid cartilage
-
cricoid cartilage
-
trachea
-
cricothyroid ligament
-
true vocal cords
-
false vocal cords
-
arytenoid cartilage
Question 15
Question
Parts of the Larynx. No numbers.
Answer
-
thyroid cartilage
-
vocal cords
-
cricoid cartilage
-
arythenoid cartilage
-
cricothyroid muscle
-
thyroarythenoid muscle
Question 16
Question
The [blank_start]cricothyroid[blank_end] muscle contracts to rotate the [blank_start]thyroid[blank_end] cartilage forward. Doing so increases the [blank_start]tension[blank_end] on the vocal cords and increases the [blank_start]pitch[blank_end].
Answer
-
cricothyroid
-
thyroid
-
tension
-
pitch
Question 17
Question
[blank_start]Thyroarytenoid[blank_end] muscle relax and [blank_start]shortens[blank_end] the vocal cords, [blank_start]decreasing[blank_end] tension on the vocal cords and [blank_start]decreasing[blank_end] the pitch.
Answer
-
Thyroarytenoid
-
shortens
-
decreasing
-
decreasing
Question 18
Question
[blank_start]Lateral[blank_end] [blank_start]cricoarytenoid[blank_end] muscle [blank_start]adducts[blank_end] the vocal cords and [blank_start]protects[blank_end] the airway.
Answer
-
Lateral
-
cricoarytenoid
-
adducts
-
protects
Question 19
Question
[blank_start]Posterior[blank_end] [blank_start]cricoarytenoid[blank_end] muscle [blank_start]abducts[blank_end] the vocal cords and helps [blank_start]breathing[blank_end] movements of inspiration and expiration.
Answer
-
cricoarytenoid
-
Posterior
-
abducts
-
breathing
Question 20
Question
The cricothyroid muscle increases pitch and is innervated by the superior laryngeal nerve.
Question 21
Question
The thyroarytenoid decreases the pitch and is innervated by the superior laryngeal nerve.
Question 22
Question
The posterior cricoarytenoid adducts the vocal cords and is innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve.
Question 23
Question
The lateral cricoarytenoid muscle adducts the vocal cords and is innervated by the recurrent laryngeal nerve.
Question 24
Question
A 65 years old man who was previously diagnosed with lung cancer presents to the ED. He complains that he can’t sweat on the left side of his face. Using his presentation and the image shown below, what is the most likely diagnosis?
Question 25
Question
What is true regarding Pancoasts tumors?
Answer
-
Apical lung cancer
-
Invades the cervical sympathetic plexus
-
Invades the brachial plexus to give shoulder and arm pain
-
Invades the recurrent laryngeal nerve to give a horse voice
-
small cell lung cancer
-
Bovine cough from vocal cord paralysis.
Question 26
Question
Labels parts of the spirometry test.
Answer
-
tidal volume
-
inspiratory reserve volume
-
expiratory reserve volume
-
residual volume
-
vital capacity
-
functional residual capacity
-
inspiratory capacity
-
total lung capacity
Question 27
Question
Different Lung Function Tests: (Vitalograph has abbreviations)
Answer
-
Total lung capacity
-
Reserve volume
-
Peak Expiratory Flow
-
FEV1
-
FVC
Question 28
Question
What is the max amount of gas that can be forcefully exhaled and as quickly as possible after a maximal inhalation?
Question 29
Question
This is the volume expired in the first second. It is Affected by how narrowed the airways are.
Question 30
Question
Which of these is true regarding obstructive diseases?
Answer
-
ex: cystic fibrosis
-
ex: asthma
-
ex: COPD
-
lower FEV1
-
normal FEV!
-
lower peak flow rate (PEFR)
-
lower total lung capacity
-
increased residual volume
-
pursued lips
-
barrel chest
Question 31
Question
What conditions are these flow charts descriptive of?
Answer
-
normal
-
tracheal stenosis
-
restrictive conditions
-
obstructive conditions
Question 32
Question
What are these vitalographs reflective of?
Question 33
Question
A 32-year-old woman comes to the ED with a previous month long history of malaise, mild cough, and subjective fevers.
She is HIV positive and her last CD4 count taken 6 months prior was 220. She's not on antiretroviral therapy or other medications.
Vital signs: HR= 88 beats per minute, BP=130/60 mm Hg, RR = 12 breaths per minute, oxygen sat= 91% on room air.
Her chest radiograph shows diffuse, patchy infiltrates bilaterally. Subsequent labs are unremarkable except for an elevated lactate dehydrogenase level.
What most likely causing her condition?
Answer
-
Mycoplasma pneumonie
-
Staphylococcus aureus
-
Legionella pneumonie
-
Hemophilus pneumonie
-
Pneumocystis jiroveci
Question 34
Question
An early middle aged married executive CEO with 2 children complains to her GP complaining of increased tiredness and a lack of interest in her work. She has also been having an upset bowel. Believing she has burnout, what is the best initial management for this patient ?
Question 35
Question
Which of these is the presentation of an experience of some type of exhaustion due to prolonged and demanding involvement in situations/something?
Answer
-
Poor concentration
-
Lack of interest
-
Fatigue
-
Depression
-
Short temper
-
Disorganization
-
Anger
-
Denial
-
Resting tremors
Question 36
Question
In the early phase of allergen exposure, what is released by mast cells?
Question 37
Question
What is released by eosinophils in late allergy phase?
Answer
-
eosinophilic cationic protease (ECP)
-
eosinophilic perioxidase (EPX)
-
major basic protein (MBP)
-
leukotrienes
-
prostaglandins
-
histamine
-
bradykinin
Question 38
Question
IL-5 is for early phase allergen exposure.
Question 39
Question
An 18-year-old tall, thin male arrives at ED with acute onset of respiratory distress while sitting at his desk. He had a sharp pain on the right side of his chest that got worse with breathing in. He is otherwise healthy, doesn't do any recreational drugs, and hasn't traveled anywhere recently.
Vital Signs: HR of 100 beats per minute, BP 120/60 mm Hg, a RR of 14 breaths per minute, oxygen sats of 97% on room air.
During auscultations, you note decreased breath sounds on the right side.
Which of the following tests is to be performed next?
Question 40
Question
A 20 year old man complains to the GP of a runny congested nose for the past 3 months with frequent sneezing. Hiis symptoms are worse in the morning and he has no pets. He also has from asthma and eczema. The diagnosis is Perennial rhinitis and you prescribe cetirizine. What is the most likely cause of his condition?
Answer
-
Hay Fever
-
Cats
-
Dust mites
-
Pollen
-
Dogs
Question 41
Question
How to Manage Asthma:
1. [blank_start]Short[blank_end] acting bronchodilator
2. Add [blank_start]inhaled[blank_end] cortico[blank_start]steroids[blank_end]
3. Replace [blank_start]short[blank_end] acting for [blank_start]long[blank_end] acting bronchodilator
4. [blank_start]Increase[blank_end] inhaled steroids dose
5. [blank_start]Oral[blank_end] steroids
Answer
-
Short
-
steroids
-
inhaled
-
short
-
long
-
Increase
-
Oral
Question 42
Question
[blank_start]Pollen[blank_end] is the most common cause of [blank_start]seasonal[blank_end] allergic rhinitis.
Question 43
Question
[blank_start]Dust[blank_end] [blank_start]mites[blank_end] are the most common cause of [blank_start]perennial[blank_end] allergic rhinitis
Question 44
Question
Nick is a 46-year-old builder who has noticed breathlessness which is worse on exertion for roughly the past year. No inhaler seems to be helping.
TLC Raised
RV Raised
PaO2 Reduced
PaCO2 Raised (serious)
Transfer factor (TLCO/ DLCO): Reduced
Based on his lung function tests shown below, what is the underlying condition?
Answer
-
Asthma
-
COPD
-
Pulmonary Fibrosis
-
Pneumothorax
Question 45
Question
Alan is a 50-year-old farmer who has been getting breathless over the last 3 years. At first, the shortness of breath came in episodes lasting a few hours but over the last two years, the problems have been continuous.
Reduced FEV1
Reduced FVC
Increased forced expiratory ratio
Reduced total lung capacity
Based on his lung function tests shown below, what is the underlying condition?
Answer
-
Asthma
-
Pulmonary Fibrosis
-
COPD
-
Cystic Fibrosis
Question 46
Question
The [blank_start]internal[blank_end] branch of the [blank_start]superior[blank_end] [blank_start]laryngeal[blank_end] nerve supplies sensation to the larynx and responsible for cough reflex.
Answer
-
internal
-
superior
-
laryngeal
Question 47
Question
The [blank_start]external[blank_end] branch of the [blank_start]superior[blank_end] [blank_start]laryngeal[blank_end] nerve supplies the cricothyroid muscle which controls the [blank_start]pitch[blank_end] of speech.
Answer
-
external
-
superior
-
laryngeal
-
pitch
Question 48
Question
The [blank_start]left[blank_end] recurrent laryngeal nerve loops under the [blank_start]aortic[blank_end] [blank_start]arch[blank_end].
The [blank_start]right[blank_end] recurrent laryngeal loops under the [blank_start]right[blank_end] [blank_start]subclavian[blank_end] [blank_start]artery[blank_end] before traveling upwards
Answer
-
left
-
right
-
aortic
-
arch
-
subclavian
-
artery
-
right
Question 49
Question
The [blank_start]recurrent[blank_end] [blank_start]laryngeal[blank_end] nerve supplies these laryngeal muscles:
[blank_start]Thyroarytenoid[blank_end]
[blank_start]Lateral[blank_end] and [blank_start]posterior[blank_end] cricoarytenoid muscles
Answer
-
recurrent
-
laryngeal
-
Thyroarytenoid
-
posterior
-
Lateral
Question 50
Question
What is true regarding of restrictive respiratory diseases?
Answer
-
Due to disease in the interstitium of the lungs
-
The lung x-ray will show increased density of the lung tissue.
-
Stiff lungs
-
ex: asthma
-
Reduced FVC
-
Reduced RV
-
Reduced FEV1
-
PEFR slightly decreased
-
Normal FEV1: FVC ratio
-
exs: Pulmonary Fibrosis and Congenital defect
Question 51
Question
Stridor and wheeze are both characteristic of obstructive diseases.
Question 52
Question
What is true regarding pneumonia?
Question 53
Question
How to manage pneumonia?
[blank_start]supportive[blank_end]
[blank_start]antibiotics[blank_end] started immediately ex: [blank_start]amoxicillin[blank_end] or tetracycline
Answer
-
supportive
-
antibiotics
-
amoxicillin
Question 54
Question
What types of pneumonic x rays are these
Answer
-
lobar
-
interstitial
-
lobular
-
bronchopneumonia
Question 55
Question
Fill in the parts.
Answer
-
uncommon
-
uncommon
-
uncommon
Question 56
Question
The spirometry test history must include post bronchodilator measurements and the degree of reversibility.
Question 57
Question
[blank_start]Streptococcus Pneumonia[blank_end] and Haemophilus Influenza are th most common causes of community-acquired Pneumonia.
Staph. Aureus is the most common cause of hospital-acquired Pneumonia.
Chlamydophila psittaei is the most common cause of pneumonia in bird owners.
Klebisella Pneumonia is the most common cause of pneumonia in alcoholics
Legionella Pneumonia is the most common cause of pneumonia in those who use air-conditioning.
Pneumocystis jiroveci is the most common cause of pneumonia in immunocompromised patients.
Answer
-
Streptococcus Pneumonia
-
Haemophilus Influenza
Question 58
Question
[blank_start]Streptococcus Pneumonia[blank_end] and [blank_start]Haemophilus Influenza[blank_end] are th most common causes of community-acquired Pneumonia.
[blank_start]Staph. Aureus[blank_end] is the most common cause of hospital-acquired Pneumonia.
[blank_start]Chlamydophila psittaei[blank_end] is the most common cause of pneumonia in bird owners.
[blank_start]Klebisella Pneumoni[blank_end]a is the most common cause of pneumonia in alcoholics
[blank_start]Legionella Pneumonia[blank_end] is the most common cause of pneumonia in those who use air-conditioning.
[blank_start]Pneumocystis jiroveci[blank_end] is the most common cause of pneumonia in immunocompromised patients.
Answer
-
Streptococcus Pneumonia
-
staphylococcus pneumonia
-
Hemophilus Influenza
-
Hemophilus Pyrethica
-
Staph. Aureus
-
Verfitule Aureleus
-
Chlamydophila psittaei
-
Chlamydia pneumonia
-
Klebisella Pneumoni
-
Clostridium Difficile
-
Legionella Pneumonia
-
Pneumonia artificialis
-
Pneumocystis jiroveci
-
HPV
-
HIV
-
Hep C
Question 59
Question
TLCO can be reduced by:
Answer
-
reduction in alveolar - capillary membrane area
-
reduced lung volumes
-
thicker alveoli
-
Anemia due to less hemoglobin
-
increased blood volume (pulmonary)
-
polycythaemia
Question 60
Question
TLCO can be increased by:
Question 61
Question
How might pneumothorax present?
Question 62
Question
Inserting a needle into the 3rd-5th intercostal space is within the safe triangle
Question 63
Question
[blank_start]Primary[blank_end] spontaneous pneumothorax occurs randomly in healthy individuals, especially [blank_start]tall[blank_end] and skinny guys.
[blank_start]Secondary[blank_end] spontaneous pneumothorax occurs in individuals with an underlying [blank_start]lung[blank_end] problem, usually it's [blank_start]COPD[blank_end].
[blank_start]Tension[blank_end] Pneumothorax is caused by [blank_start]trauma[blank_end] and is a medical emergency. It's the worst one with most obvious tracheal deviation.
Answer
-
Primary
-
Tension
-
Secondary
-
tall
-
lung
-
COPD
-
trauma