Edexcel (9-1) Topic 4

Two new mobile phones have been designed, the one with the most positive LCA has been selected to be manufactured. Select from below a quality that would have contributed towards its selection:

Which metal is most reactive?

Iron can be extracted from iron oxide using a process called [blank_start]oxidation[blank_end]. This involves heating the ore with [blank_start]carbon[blank_end] monoxide to remove the oxygen from the compound. This process is also called a [blank_start]displacement[blank_end] reaction, and gives two products: iron and [blank_start]carbon dioxide[blank_end].

Which metal oxide can be reacted with carbon to produce the metal?

Group 1 metals react with cold water to form [blank_start]hydrogen[blank_end] and a metal [blank_start]hydroxide[blank_end].

Calcium, magnesium, and aluminium react with dilute acids to form [blank_start]hydrogen[blank_end] and a [blank_start]salt[blank_end] solution.

The reactivity series can be used to see the relative tendency for metal atoms to form [blank_start]cations[blank_end] - the higher up the series, the more likely it will form a [blank_start]positive[blank_end] ion. Something similar can be said for a metal's resistance to [blank_start]oxidation[blank_end] - the higher up the series, the more easier it is to [blank_start]oxidise[blank_end].

A more reactive metal can displace a less reactive metal from a compound in solution.

The Earth’s resources of [blank_start]metal ores[blank_end] are limited. One of the metals we are worried about is [blank_start]copper[blank_end], as its ores are becoming scarce. Luckily new ways of extracting copper from [blank_start]low-grade ores[blank_end] have been developed. These include phytomining, and bioleaching. These methods avoid a lot of energy costs compared to traditional mining methods of digging, moving and disposing of large amounts of [blank_start]rock[blank_end].

Equilibrium is reached when the forward and reverse reactions, of a reversible reaction, occur at a similar rate.

The concentrations of the reactants vs products are not necessarily equal, and there is usually more of one than the other: if the concentration of the reactants is higher than products, we say the equilibrium lies to the [blank_start]left[blank_end] if the concentration of the products is higher than the reactants, we say the equilibrium lies to the [blank_start]right[blank_end]

The conditions for the Haber Process are (select all that apply):