Physics: particle model of matter

Liquids are arranged in a regular pattern

What is the formula for density?

Solids have [blank_start]high[blank_end] density because the particles are packed closely together and they have a lot of [blank_start]mass[blank_end] for they volume except for [blank_start]polystyrene[blank_end] which has [blank_start]low[blank_end] density due to it’s [blank_start]open[blank_end] structure (lots of air spaces).

Liquids have [blank_start]high[blank_end] density because the particles are [blank_start]close[blank_end] together, they have a lot of mass for their [blank_start]volume [blank_end]

Gases have [blank_start]low[blank_end] density because the particles are apart so gases only have a [blank_start]small[blank_end] mass for their volume

The required practical to find the density for irregular objects is to find the mass then fill a [blank_start]eureka[blank_end] can with water. After that we place the object into water, the water will be [blank_start]displaced[blank_end] and the water flow out through the spout. We then measure the volume of water displaced using a measuring [blank_start]cylinder[blank_end].

Particles have [blank_start]kinetic[blank_end] energy and [blank_start]potential[blank_end] energy (intermolecular forces and chemical bonds)

When a solid can turn directly into a gas it is called [blank_start]sublimation[blank_end]. An example of this carbon dioxide at room temperature.

Evaporation is when a liquid turns into a gas fully

Why does the temperature stay constant in changes of state?

The specific [blank_start]latent[blank_end] heat of a substance is the amount of energy required to change state of one [blank_start]kilogram[blank_end] of the substance with no change in temperature

Specific latent heat of [blank_start]fusion[blank_end] is the energy required to change 1 kg of a substance from a [blank_start]solid[blank_end] to a [blank_start]liquid[blank_end] with no change in temperature

Specific latent heat of [blank_start]vaporisation[blank_end] is the amount of energy required to change 1 kg of a substance fro a [blank_start]liquid[blank_end] to a [blank_start]vapour[blank_end] with no change in temperature

Gas pressure is due to the particles colliding with the walls of the container that the gas is held in.