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W5: Development of the nervous system

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HPS775 (Week 05: Development of the nervous system) Quiz on W5: Development of the nervous system, created by wadey on 10/10/2014.
wadey
Quiz by wadey, updated more than 1 year ago
wadey
Created by wadey about 10 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
Proliferation is the production of new cells
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 2

Question
Synaptogenesis is a process that begins before birth and continues throughout life.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 3

Question
Recent evidence suggests that adult vertebrate brains generate new neurons
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 4

Question
The brain requires millions of chemicals to correctly guide the growth of axons to their target locations
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 5

Question
Nerve growth factor is a chemical that promotes the survival and activity of neurons
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 6

Question
Exercise may account for some of the neural benefits that come from rearing rats in an enriched environment
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 7

Question
Diaschisis refers to the decreased activity of surviving neurons after damage to other neurons
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 8

Question
Paralysis caused by spinal cord injury is usually only temporary in humans
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 9

Question
Recent evidence suggests that phantom limb pain is caused by sensations coming from the stump of the amputated limb
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 10

Question
Proliferation is the:
Answer
  • Formation of dendrites and an axon
  • Movement of primitive neurons and glia
  • Insulation process that occurs on some axons
  • Production of new cells

Question 11

Question
After the migrating neuron reaches its destination, _____ begin to form
Answer
  • Nuclei
  • Axons
  • Ganglions
  • Dendrites

Question 12

Question
In humans, myelination first occurs in the:
Answer
  • Midbrain
  • Hindbrain
  • Forebrain
  • Spinal cord

Question 13

Question
When Sperry cut a newt's optic nerve and rotated the eye by 180 degrees, each axon:
Answer
  • Regenerated to the area where it had originally been
  • Regenerated to a random location
  • Regenerated, but to the area appropriate to its new location
  • Degenerated

Question 14

Question
Axons sort themselves over the surface of the target area:
Answer
  • Through necrosis
  • Through apoptosis
  • Based on their size
  • By following a gradient of chemicals

Question 15

Question
Competition of neurons for postsynaptic sites results in survival of only the most successful axons. The general principle is called:
Answer
  • Apoptosis
  • Evolution
  • Neural Darwinism
  • Natural selection

Question 16

Question
_____ steer new axonal branches and synapses in the right direction
Answer
  • Glia
  • Immunoglobulin
  • Neurotrophins
  • Chemokines

Question 17

Question
The function of neurotrophins is to:
Answer
  • Be used as fuel
  • Promote survival of axons
  • Signal that an axon has been "rejected"
  • Inhibit proliferation

Question 18

Question
In infants, anaesthetic drugs can increase:
Answer
  • Myelination
  • Migration
  • Apoptosis
  • Proliferation

Question 19

Question
What brain abnormalities are found in children with fetal alcohol syndrome?
Answer
  • Lack of dopamine receptors
  • Short dendrites with few branches
  • Smaller than normal ventricles
  • Short axons with few branches

Question 20

Question
Children of mothers who use cocaine during pregnancy:
Answer
  • Have slightly lower IQ scores
  • Are likely to develop Turner's syndrome
  • Are born with severe abnormalities resembling cerebral palsy
  • Have a slightly higher birth weight

Question 21

Question
Which of the following seem to be particularly important for branching neurons during brain development?
Answer
  • Having good teachers
  • Playing logic games
  • Having a sterile environment
  • Physical activity

Question 22

Question
Which of the following is the most common cause of stroke?
Answer
  • Haemorrhage of an artery
  • Ischemia from an obstruction of an artery
  • Blow to the head
  • Lack of glucose

Question 23

Question
Ischaemia is to _____as haemorrhage is to _____
Answer
  • Obstruction; rupture
  • Proximal; distal
  • Barely noticeable; lethal
  • Older individuals; younger individuals

Question 24

Question
Which of the following treatments would be most likely to help a patient starting several days after a stroke?
Answer
  • Extensive bed rest
  • Administering tranquillisers
  • Giving stimulant drugs combined with physical therapy
  • Injecting a drug to block dopamine

Question 25

Question
What is the term for the new branches that may form in uninjured axons after damage to surrounding axons?
Answer
  • Denervation supersensitivity
  • Bifurcations
  • Diaschisis
  • Collateral sprouts

Question 26

Question
_____ helps compensate for decreased axon input
Answer
  • Enervation supersensitivity
  • Disuse supersensitivity
  • Denervation supersensitivity
  • Axon supersensitivity

Question 27

Question
A continuing sensation of an amputated body part is called:
Answer
  • Neuralgia
  • Ghost limb
  • Tingling limb
  • Phantom limb

Question 28

Question
Sensations from phantom limbs:
Answer
  • Do not have a neural basis
  • Are a result of brain reorganisation
  • Can be diminished if more of the limb is removed surgically
  • Come from the stump of the amputated limb

Question 29

Question
The fluid-filled cavity of the developing neural tube becomes the:
Answer
  • Forebrain
  • Midbrain
  • Spinal cord
  • Ventricular system

Question 30

Question
Stem cells are important for which of the following developmental processes?
Answer
  • Migration
  • Proliferation
  • Myelination
  • Synaptogenesis

Question 31

Question
What term describes the movement of primitive neurons and glia within the developing nervous system?
Answer
  • Differentiation
  • Migration
  • Myelination
  • Proliferation

Question 32

Question
After the migrating neuron reaches its destination, _____ begin to form.
Answer
  • Dendrites
  • Axons
  • Nuclei
  • Ganglions

Question 33

Question
The formation of new synapses is called:
Answer
  • Synaptogenesis
  • Differentiation
  • Migration
  • Fusion

Question 34

Question
Brain cells that are neither neurons nor glia, but which are capable of dividing and then differentiating into neurons or glia are called:
Answer
  • Parallel fibres
  • Intrinsic cells
  • Stem cells
  • Glomeruli

Question 35

Question
Axons sort themselves over the surface of the target area
Answer
  • By following a gradient of chemicals
  • Through apoptosis
  • Through necrosis
  • Based on their size

Question 36

Question
Apoptosis:
Answer
  • Is a programmed mechanism of cell death
  • Promotes the survival and growth of the axon
  • Promotes the survival and growth of dendrites
  • Promotes the activity of neurons

Question 37

Question
Massive cell death in the brain during prenatal development is:
Answer
  • An indication of a genetic abnormality
  • An indication of restricted blood flow to the foetus
  • Usually due to an autoimmune disorder
  • Normal

Question 38

Question
In development, neurotrophins _____. During adulthood, they _____.
Answer
  • Preserve neurons; produce apoptosis
  • Produce apoptosis; increase neural branching
  • Facilitate differentiation; facilitate migration
  • Preserve neurons; increase neural branching

Question 39

Question
In what order are the five distinct stages in the development of the brain
Answer
  • Migration, differentiation, proliferation, synaptogenesis
  • Proliferation, differentiation, migration, myelination, synaptogenesis
  • Proliferation, migration, differentiation, myelination, synaptogenesis
  • Proliferation, myelination, migration, differentiation, synaptogenesis

Question 40

Question
Certain axons innervating a given neuron are damaged. What compensatory change is possible?
Answer
  • a. Denervation supersensitivity
  • b. Collateral sprouting
  • c. Axonal regrowth
  • d. All of the above
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