Question 1
Question
The combination of the probability of an event and its consequence (ISO/IEC 73). ___ is/are mitigated through
the use of controls or safeguards.
Answer
-
Risk
-
Threat
-
Asset
-
Vulnerability
Question 2
Question
Anything that is capable of acting against an asset in a manner that can result in harm.
Answer
-
Risk
-
Threat
-
Asset
-
Vulnerability
Question 3
Question
Something of either tangible or intangible value that is worth protecting, including people, information,
infrastructure, finances and reputation
Answer
-
Risk
-
Threat
-
Asset
-
Vulnerability
Question 4
Question
A weakness in the design, implementation, operation or internal control of a process that could
expose the system to adverse threats from threat events.
Answer
-
Risk
-
Threat
-
Asset
-
Vulnerability
Question 5
Question
The risk level or exposure without taking into account the actions that management has taken or
might take
Answer
-
Inherent Risk
-
Residual Risk
Question 6
Question
Which breadcrumb is correct when framing an approach to risk management?
Answer
-
Threat Source initiates > Threat Events exploits > Vulnerability causing > Adverse Impact producing > Organization Risk
-
Threat Source initiates > Vulnerability causing > Threat Events exploits > Adverse Impact producing > Organization Risk
-
Threat Events exploits >Threat Source initiates > Vulnerability causing > Adverse Impact producing > Organization Risk
-
Threat Events exploits > Vulnerability causing > Threat Source initiates > Adverse Impact producing > Organization Risk
Question 7
Question
Approach to developing risk scenarios is based on describing risk events that are specific to
cybersecurity-related situations, typically hypothetical situations envisioned by the people performing the job
functions in specific processes.
Answer
-
Top-down Approach
-
Bottom-up Approach
Question 8
Question
Approach to scenario development is based on understanding business goals and how a risk event
could affect the achievement of those goals. Under this model, the risk practitioner looks for the outcome of events
that may hamper business goals identified by senior management.
Answer
-
Top-down Approach
-
Bottom-up Approach
Question 9
Question
The ___ approach is suited to general risk management of the company, because it looks at both IT- and non-
IT-related events. A benefit of this approach is that because it is more general, it is easier to achieve management
buy-in even if management usually is not interested in IT. The ___ approach also deals with the goals that
senior managers have already identified as important to them.
Answer
-
Top-down Approach
-
Bottom-down Approach
Question 10
Question
The ____ approach can be a good way to identify scenarios that are highly dependent on the specific
technical workings of a process or system, which may not be apparent to anyone who is not intimately involved
with that work but could have substantial consequences for the organization.
Answer
-
Top-down Approach
-
Bottom-down Approach
Question 11
Question
___ is used to calculate the risk that an organization faces based on the number of events that may occur within a given time period.
Answer
-
Threat
-
Impact
-
Likelihood
-
Vulnerabilty
Question 12
Question
Failure to detect a ___ may be the result of its absence, or it may be a false negative arising from configurations of a tool or improper performance of a manual review.
Answer
-
Vulnerability
-
Threat
-
Risk
-
Impact
Question 13
Question
Given the combination of unknown ___ and unknown ___, it is difficult of the cybersecurity professional to provide a comprehensive estimate of the likelihood of a successful attack.
Answer
-
Threat, Vulnerability
-
Asset, Threat
-
Vulnerability, Asset
-
Threat, Risk
Question 14
Question
Vulnerability assessments and penetration test provide the cybersecurity practitioner with valuable information on which to partially estimate the ___ .
Answer
-
Vulnerabilities
-
Risks
-
Threats
-
Likelihood
Question 15
Question
When using ___ rankings, the most important state is to rigorously define the meaning of each category and use definitions consistently throughout the assessment process.
Question 16
Question
For each identified threat, the ___ of harm expected to result should also be determined.
Answer
-
Risk
-
Vulnerability
-
Impact
-
Likelihood
Question 17
Question
Select all that apply: A number of methodologies are available to measure risk. Different industries and professions have adopted various tactics based upon the following criteria:
Question 18
Question
It is particularly important to understand an organization's ___ when considering how to measure risk.
Answer
-
Risk management plan
-
Risk appetite
-
Risk tolerance
-
Risk assessment
Question 19
Question
There are three different approaches to implementing cybersecurity. Which three are they below
Answer
-
Ad hoc
-
Compliance-based
-
Risk-based
-
Threat-based
-
Impact-based
-
Likelihood-based
Question 20
Question
An ___ approach simply implements security with no particular rationale or criteria. ___
implementations may be driven by vendor marketing, or they may reflect insufficient subject matter expertise,
knowledge or training when designing and implementing safeguards.
Answer
-
Ad hoc
-
Compliance-based
-
Risk-based
-
Threat-based
Question 21
Question
Also known as standards-based security, this approach relies on regulations or standards to
determine security implementations. Controls are implemented regardless of their applicability or necessity, which
often leads to a “checklist” attitude toward security
Answer
-
Ad hoc
-
Compliance-based
-
Risk-based
-
Threat-based
Question 22
Question
___ security relies on identifying the unique risk a particular organization faces and designing
and implementing security controls to address that risk above and beyond the entity’s risk tolerance and business
needs. The ___ approach is usually scenario-based.
Answer
-
Ad hoc
-
Compliance-based
-
Risk-based
-
Threat-based
Question 23
Question
The ___ approach is usually scenario-based.
Answer
-
Ad hoc
-
Compliance-based
-
Risk-based
-
Threat-based
Question 24
Question
___ have been known to breach security boundaries and perform malicious acts to gain a
competitive advantage.
Answer
-
Cybercriminals
-
Corporations
-
Online social hackers
-
Script kiddies
Question 25
Question
Motivated by the desire for profit, these individuals are involved in fraudulent financial transactions
Answer
-
Cybercriminals
-
Cyberwarriors
-
Corporations
-
Hacktivists
Question 26
Question
Characterized by their willingness to use violence to achieve their goals, ___ frequently target critical infrastructures and government groups.
Answer
-
Cyberterrorists
-
Cybercriminals
-
Cyberwarriors
-
Nation states
Question 27
Question
Often likened to hacktivists, ___ , also referred to as cyberfighters, are nationally
motivated citizens who may act on behalf of a political party or against another political party that threatens them.
Answer
-
Cyberwarriors
-
Cyberterrorists
-
Cybercriminals
-
Script kiddies
Question 28
Question
Although they typically have fairly low-tech methods and tools, dissatisfied current or former
___ represent a clear cybersecurity risk. All of these attacks are adversarial, but some are not related to
APT cyberattacks.
Answer
-
Employees
-
Nation states
-
Online social hackers
-
Script kiddies
Question 29
Question
Although they often act independently, politically motivated hackers may target specific individuals
or organizations to achieve various ideological ends.
Answer
-
Cyberterrorists
-
Hacktivists
-
Cyberwarriors
-
Cybercriminals
Question 30
Question
___ often target government and private entities with a high level of sophistication to
obtain intelligence or carry out other destructive activities.
Answer
-
Nation states
-
Online social hackers
-
Hacktivists
-
Employees
Question 31
Question
Skilled in social engineering, these attackers are frequently involved in cyberbullying,
identity theft and collection of other confidential information or credentials.
Answer
-
Script kiddies
-
Online social hackers
-
Hacktivists
-
Employees
Question 32
Question
___ are individuals who are learning to hack; they may work alone or with others and
are primarily involved in code injections and distributed denial-of-service (DDoS) attacks.
Answer
-
Online social hackers
-
Employees
-
Script kiddies
-
Cybercriminals
Question 33
Question
The actual occurrence of a threat, or an activity by a threat agent (or adversary) against an asset.
Answer
-
Exploit
-
Attack Vector
-
Attack
-
Attack Mechanism
Question 34
Question
From an attacker’s point of view, the asset is a target, and the path or route used to gain access to the target (asset) is known as an
Answer
-
Exploit
-
Attack Vector
-
Attack
-
Attack Mechanism
Question 35
Question
There are two types of attack vectors: ingress and egress. Which one is known as data exfiltration?
Question 36
Question
Which attack vector focuses on intrusion and hacking into systems?
Question 37
Question
Employees that steal data from systems and networks is an example of which attack vector?
Question 38
Question
The attacker must defeat any controls in place and/or use an ___ to take advantage of a vulnerability.
Answer
-
Exploit
-
Attack Vector
-
Attack
-
Attack Mechanism
Question 39
Question
The method used to deliver the exploit.
Answer
-
Target
-
Attack Vector
-
Attack
-
Attack Mechanism
Question 40
Question
An example of this can be a crafted malicious pdf, crafted by the attacker and delivered by email.
Answer
-
Exploit
-
Attack Vector
-
Attack
-
Attack Mechanism
Question 41
Question
Which order is correct for the attributes of an attack?
Answer
-
Attack Vector, Exploit, Vulnerability, Payload, Target (Asset)
-
Attack Vector, Exploit, Payload, Vulnerability, Target (Asset)
-
Attack Vector, Vulnerability, Payload, Exploit, Target (Asset)
-
Attack Vector, Vulnerability, Exploit, Payload, Target (Asset)
Question 42
Question
Usually the result of an error, malfunction or mishap of some sort.
Question 43
Question
Made by a human threat agent
Question 44
Question
The adversary gathers information using a variety of techniques, passive or active.
Question 45
Question
The adversary crafts the tools needed to carry out a future attack.
Question 46
Question
The adversary inserts or installs whatever is needed to carry out the attack.
Question 47
Question
The adversary takes advantage of information and systems in order to compromise
them.
Question 48
Question
The adversary coordinates attack tools or performs activities that interfere with
organizational functions.
Question 49
Question
The adversary causes an adverse impact.
Question 50
Question
The adversary continues to exploit and compromise the system
Question 51
Question
The adversary coordinates a campaign against the organization.
Question 52
Question
What is the correct order of the Threat Process?
Answer
-
Perform reconnaissance, Create attack tools, Exploit and compromise, Deliver malicious capabilities, Conduct an attack, Achieve results, Maintain a presence or set of capabilities, Coordinate a campaign
-
Perform reconnaissance, Create attack tools, Deliver malicious capabilities, Exploit and compromise, Conduct an attack, Achieve results, Maintain a presence or set of capabilities, Coordinate a campaign
-
Perform reconnaissance, Deliver malicious capabilities, Create attack tools, Exploit and compromise, Conduct an attack, Achieve results, Maintain a presence or set of capabilities, Coordinate a campaign
-
Perform reconnaissance, Deliver malicious capabilities, Create attack tools, Exploit and compromise, Conduct an attack, Maintain a presence or set of capabilities, Achieve results, Coordinate a campaign
Question 53
Question
Perform reconnaissance: The adversary gathers information using a variety of techniques, passive or active. Passive may include:
Answer
-
i. Sniffing network traffic
ii. Using open source discovery of organizational information (news groups; company postings on IT design
and IT architecture)
iii. Google hacking
-
i. Scanning the network perimeter
ii. Social engineering (fake phone calls, low-level phishing)
Question 54
Question
The following are examples of which attack process?
a. Sniffing network traffic
b. Using open source discovery of organizational information (news groups; company postings on IT design and IT architecture)
c. Google hacking
d. Scanning the network perimeter
e. Social engineering (fake phone calls, low-level phishing)
Question 55
Question
The following are examples of which attack process?
a. Phishing or spear phishing attacks
b. Crafting counterfeit websites or certificates
c. Creating and operating false organizations and placing them in to the supply chain to inject malicious components
Question 56
Question
The following are examples of which attack process?
a. Introducing malware into organizational information systems
b. Placing subverted individuals into privileged positions within the organization
c. Installing sniffers or scanning devices on targeted networks and systems
d. Inserting tampered hardware or critical components into organizational systems or supply chains
Question 57
Question
The following are examples of which attack process?
a. Split tunneling or gaining physical access to organizational facilities
b. Exfiltrating data or sensitive information
c. Exploiting multitenancy (i.e., multiple customers on shared resources) in a public cloud environment (e.g.,
attacking open public access points; application program interfaces [APIs])
d. Launching zero-day exploits
Question 58
Question
The following are examples of which attack process?
a. Communication interception or wireless jamming attacks
b. Denial-of-service (DoS) or distributed DDoS attacks
c. Remote interference with or physical attacks on organizational facilities or infrastructures
d. Session-hijacking or man-in-the-middle attacks
Question 59
Question
The following are examples of which attack process?
a. Obtaining unauthorized access to systems and/or sensitive information
b. Degrading organizational services or capabilities
c. Creating, corrupting or deleting critical data
d. Modifying the control flow of information system (e.g., industrial control system, supervisory control and
data acquisition (SCADA) systems)
Question 60
Question
The following are examples of which attack process?
a. Obfuscating adversary actions or interfering with intrusion detection systems (IDSs)
b. Adapting cyberattacks in response to organizational security measures
Question 61
Question
The following are examples of which attack process?
a. Multi-staged attacks
b. Internal and external attacks
c. Widespread and adaptive attacks
Question 62
Question
Which of the following is NOT a Nonadversarial Threat Event?
Answer
-
Mishandling of critical or sensitive information by authorized users
-
Incorrect privilege settings
-
Fire, flood, hurricane, windstorm or earthquake at primary or backup facilities
-
Introduction of vulnerabilities into software products
-
Viruses, Network Worms, Botnets
-
Pervasive disk errors or other problems caused by aging equipment
Question 63
Question
Software designed to gain access to targeted computer systems, steal information or disrupt computer operations.
Answer
-
DoS Attack
-
Malware
-
Social Engineering
-
Phishing
Question 64
Question
A piece of code that can replicate itself and spread from one computer to another. It requires intervention or execution to replicate and/or cause damage.
Answer
-
Spyware
-
Adware
-
Virus
-
Network Worm
Question 65
Question
A variant of the computer virus, which is essentially a piece of self-replicating code designed to spread itself across computer networks. It does not require intervention or execution to replicate.
Answer
-
Virus
-
Network Worm
-
Trojan Horse
-
Botnet
Question 66
Question
A piece of malware that gains access to a targeted system by hiding within a genuine application
Answer
-
Virus
-
Network Worm
-
Trojan Horse
-
Botnet
Question 67
Question
Derived from “robot network,” a large, automated and distributed network of previously compromised computers that can be simultaneously controlled to launch large-scale attacks such as DoS.
Answer
-
Virus
-
Network Worm
-
Trojan Horse
-
Botnet
Question 68
Question
A class of malware that gathers information about a person or organization without the knowledge of
that person or organization.
Answer
-
Spyware
-
Adware
-
Ransomware
-
Keylogger
-
Rootkit
Question 69
Question
Also called “hostage code,” a class of extortive malware that locks or encrypts data or functions and demands a payment to unlock them. Several types are available for every operating system
Answer
-
Spyware
-
Adware
-
Ransomware
-
Keylogger
-
Rootkit
Question 70
Question
A class of malware that secretly records user keystrokes and, in some cases, screen content.
Answer
-
Spyware
-
Adware
-
Ransomware
-
Keylogger
-
Rootkit
Question 71
Question
A class of malware that hides the existence of other malware by modifying the underlying operating system.
Answer
-
Spyware
-
Adware
-
Ransomware
-
Keylogger
-
Rootkit
Question 72
Question
Complex and coordinated attacks directed at a specific entity or
organization. They require a substantial amount of research and time, often taking months or even years to fully execute.
Question 73
Question
A means of regaining access to a compromised system by installing software or configuring existing software to enable remote access under attacker-defined conditions.
Question 74
Question
An attack made by trying all possible combinations of passwords or encryption keys until the correct one is found.
Question 75
Question
Occurs when a program or process tries to store more data in a buffer (temporary data storage area) than it was intended to hold.
Question 76
Question
A type of injection in which malicious scripts are injected into otherwise benign and
trusted websites.
Answer
-
Structure Query Language (SQL) injection
-
Cross-site scripting (XSS)
-
DoS attack
-
Advanced persistent threats (APTs)
Question 77
Question
An assault on a service from a single source that floods it with so many requests that it becomes overwhelmed and is either stopped completely or operates at a significantly reduced rate.
Question 78
Question
Any attempt to exploit social vulnerabilities to gain access to information and/or systems.
Answer
-
Spear phishing
-
Social engineering
-
Phishing
-
Spoofing
Question 79
Question
A type of email attack that attempts to convince a user that the originator is genuine, but with the intention of obtaining information for use in social engineering.
Answer
-
Phishing
-
Spoofing
-
Spear phishing
-
Social engineering
Question 80
Question
An attack where social engineering techniques are used to masquerade as a trusted party to obtain important information such as passwords from the victim.
Answer
-
Phishing
-
Social engineering
-
Spear phishing
-
Spoofing
Question 81
Question
Faking the sending address of a transmission in order to gain illegal entry into a secure system.
Answer
-
Spoofing
-
Phishing
-
Social engineering
-
Spear phishing
Question 82
Question
An attack that consists of insertion or ‘injection’ of a SQL query via the input data from the client to the application.
Question 83
Question
A vulnerability that is exploited before the software creator/vendor is even aware of its existence.
Question 84
Question
There are several attributes of good policies that should be considered: (select all that apply below)
Answer
-
Security policies should be an articulation of a well-defined information security strategy that captures the intent, expectations and direction of management.
-
Policies must be update/maintained on a frequent basis.
-
Policies must be clear and easily understood by all affected parties.
-
Policies should be short and concise, written in plain language.
Question 85
Question
Most organizations should create security policies ___ developing a security strategy.
Question 86
Question
Communicate required and prohibited activities and behaviors.
Answer
-
Procedures
-
Policies
-
Standards
-
Guidelines
Question 87
Question
Interpret policies in specific situations.
Answer
-
Guidelines
-
Policies
-
Standards
-
Procedures
Question 88
Question
Provide details on how to comply with policies and standards.
Answer
-
Procedures
-
Guidelines
-
Standards
-
Policies
Question 89
Question
Provide general advice on issues such as “what to do in particular circumstances.” These are not requirements to be met but are strongly recommended.
Answer
-
Policies
-
Standards
-
Procedures
-
Guidelines
Question 90
Question
Which COBIT 5 information security policy set do the following items belong to:
– Data classification and ownership
– System classification and ownership
– Resource utilization and prioritization
– Asset life cycle management
– Asset protection
Question 91
Question
Which COBIT 5 information security policy set do the following items belong to:
– At-work acceptable use and behavior, including privacy, Internet/email, mobile devices, BYOD, etc.
– Offsite acceptable use and behavior, including social media, blogs
Question 92
Question
Which COBIT 5 information security policy set do the following items belong to:
– Information security within the life cycle, requirements definition and procurement/acquisition processes
– Secure coding practices
– Integration of information security with change and configuration management
Question 93
Question
Which COBIT 5 information security policy set do the following items belong to:
Contract management
Question 94
Question
Which COBIT 5 information security policy set do the following items belong to:
– IT information security architecture and application design
– Service level agreements
Question 95
Question
Which COBIT 5 information security policy set do the following items belong to:
– IT information security ___ assessment process
– Development of metrics
– Assessment repositories
Question 96
Question
Which COBIT 5 information security policy set do the following items belong to:
– Organizational risk management plan
– Information risk profile