Actinopterygii

Actinopterygii are the...

Actinopterygii are the most diverse group of all aquatic vertebrates

70% of extant ray-finned fishes are teleosts.

Check all characters of teleosts

Check the non-teleost ray-finned fishes

Osteoglossomorpha are the most primitive teleosts.

Osteoglossomorpha means...

Chack characters of Clade Elopomorpha

Clade Otocephala is separated into two groups: [blank_start]Clupeomorpha[blank_end] (herrings, shad, sardines, anchovies) [blank_start]Ostariophysi[blank_end] (catfishes, milkfish, carps, suckers...)

Check characters of Clupeomorpha

Check characters of Ostariophysi

What is the Weberian apparatus in Ostariopysi?

Which group of Clade Otocephala releases a chemical signal into the water upon being wounded?

Check characters of Clade Euteleostei

In most ray-finned fish, swimming (propulsion) is mostly is done with the...

In most ray-finned fish, steering is mainly done with the...

This term refers to fish whose swimming style involves bending in more than half a sinusodial wavelenghth.

This term refers to fish whose swimming method involves undulations mostly limited to the caudal region:

This term refers to fish whose swimming method involves undulation limited to caudal fin due to an inflexible body.

This term refers to fish whose swimming method uses the pectoral fins for most of the force of locomotion, and very little use of the caudal fin.

[blank_start]Rajiform[blank_end]: sine waves passed along elongated pectoral fins [blank_start]Amiiform[blank_end]: sine waves passed along elongated dorsal fin [blank_start]Gymnotiform[blank_end]: sine waves passed along elongated anal fin [blank_start]Balistiform[blank_end]: sine waves passed along elongated dorsal and anal fins

Label the forms of locomotion

[blank_start]Viscous[blank_end] drag (frictional) [blank_start]is relatively constant[blank_end] over range of speed and is sensitive to [blank_start]surface area[blank_end]. [blank_start]Inertial[blank_end] drag (pressure differences as result of water displacement) [blank_start]increases[blank_end] as speed increases and is sensitive to [blank_start]body shape[blank_end].

Thin bodies induce [blank_start]viscous[blank_end] drag because of the [blank_start]large[blank_end] surface area relative to muscle mass, but thick bodies induce [blank_start]inertial[blank_end] drag due to the [blank_start]large[blank_end] cross-sectional area of the body. Scaleless skin has [blank_start]low[blank_end] viscous drag. Streamlined shapes produces [blank_start]minimal[blank_end] inertial drag.

Which form of locomotion typically produces the fastest swimmers?

[blank_start]Mesopelagic[blank_end] fishes: vertical nocturnal migrations to forage closer to surface with light availability [blank_start]Bethypelagic[blank_end] fishes: photphores, naked retinas, large mouths and stomachs

Check all that apply to Deapsea habitat/fishes

Assemblages of vertebrates on coral reefs have low diversity.

Why are many fish who live beneath the euphotic zone bright red?