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22 The Ordeal of Reconstruction, 1865 - 1877

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American Pageant; Chapter 22
Shari Anderson
Quiz by Shari Anderson, updated more than 1 year ago
Shari Anderson
Created by Shari Anderson almost 6 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
Slaves responded to emancipation during he war years in all of the following ways EXCEPT that they:
Answer
  • tried to join the Union army
  • Vandalized their masters' homes and farms
  • changed their names
  • remained loyal to their masters
  • married former mistresses

Question 2

Question
Who were the Exodusters?
Answer
  • Former slaves who, after emancipation, vowed never to pick cotton again
  • A mass migration of blacks from various southern states into Kansas in the late 1870s
  • Former slaves who spent their post-slavery days searching for children or spouses who had been sold away
  • Newly freed slaves who founded black churches across the South
  • Free blacks who shed their old clothes for fine silks

Question 3

Question
The Freedmen's Bureau?
Answer
  • sold land in the West to newly emancipated slaves
  • negotiated fair labor contracts between newly freed slaves and their former masters
  • was established by Congress to provide food, education, and other social services to freedmen
  • was administered in local communities throughout the South by transplanted agents from Washington, D.C.
  • lasted just two years before Southerners and President Johnson put an end to it

Question 4

Question
Before becoming president, Andrew Johnson had been a
Answer
  • blacksmith
  • student at a prestigious southern college
  • congressman and governor of South Carolina
  • champion of poor farmers
  • lifelong Republicans

Question 5

Question
Which of the following was NOT a feature of presidential Reconstruction of the Union?
Answer
  • The notion that the South had never actually left the Union
  • The disenfranchisement of leading Confederates
  • The establishment of state conventions that agreed to certain key principles
  • The 50 Percent Reconstruction Plan
  • The reorganization of Southern state governments and swift readmission of those states to the union.

Question 6

Question
The Black Codes were:
Answer
  • Restrictive Southern statutes passed to regulate newly freed slaves
  • harshest in Georgia
  • laws requiring former slave owners to rehire their slaves as sharecropping farmers
  • laws that safeguarded the new freedoms of emancipated slaves, such as the right to marry and to serve on juries
  • state-run efforts to guarantee blacks the right to vote

Question 7

Question
What single outcome of the war had Northern Congressmen wondering who really won?
Answer
  • The expectation by Southern representatives that they could simply reclaim their seats in Congress
  • The election of Jefferson Davis and Andrew Stephens to Southern Senate seats
  • The end of the Three-Fifths Compromise
  • The imposition of the sharecropping system
  • The effort by Southern forces to eliminate the Freedmen's Bureau

Question 8

Question
To secure the gains of the 1866 Civil Rights Bill, Congress sought to pass the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution with all of the following terms EXCEPT:
Answer
  • citizenship and civil rights for blacks
  • the right to vote
  • linking the calculation of a state's representation in Congress to whether it offered blacks the ballot
  • disqualification of certain former Confederates from federal and state office
  • the repudiation of Confederate debts

Question 9

Question
What was the central difference between radical and moderate Republican notions of Reconstruction?
Answer
  • Radicals wanted rapid restoration of the Southern states
  • Moderates wanted to reinvent the Southern economic system before readmitting Southern states
  • Moderates wanted to limit federal intervention in the South
  • Radicals wanted less federal involvement in the South
  • Radicals stood alone in their goal of black enfranchisement

Question 10

Question
All of the following were tenets of Reconstruction as adopted by Congress EXCEPT:
Answer
  • ratification of the Fourteenth Amendment
  • temporary reorganization of the South into military districts
  • state laws enfranchising former male slaves
  • establishment of new state constitutions and reorganized state governments
  • state sponsored education and land grants to former slaves

Question 11

Question
The problem with the Fifteenth Amendment to the Constitution was that it:
Answer
  • granted only property holding blacks the right to vote
  • inserted the word male into the constitutional definition of citizenship for the first time
  • allowed ex-Confederate leaders to vote
  • did not enfranchise women
  • required that only the South allow blacks to vote

Question 12

Question
Who were the so-called scalawags and carpet-baggers?
Answer
  • Scalawags were former slaves elected to office in the Reconstructed South; carpet-baggers were Yankee agents of the Freedmen's Bureau
  • Scalawags were pro-Union Southerners who participated in radical Reconstruction; carpet-baggers were Northerners who moved South seeking profit and power
  • Scalawags were Southerners who sold land to former slaves; carpet-baggers were Northern government officials who were sent South to ensure that elections were fair and open to everyone
  • Scalawags were Southerners who supported black enfranchisement; carpet-baggers were Northerners who sought to exploit the South's postwar economic crisis for personal gain
  • Scalawags were those who supported Yankee reforms; carpet-baggers were Northern labor activists

Question 13

Question
White Southerners resisted the increased empowerment of blacks in all of the following ways EXCEPT:
Answer
  • the enactment of the Force Acts of 1870 and 1871
  • the creation of Ku Klux Klan
  • the establishment of literacy tests as a qualification for voting
  • intimidation and fraud
  • enactment of Black Codes and segregation practices

Question 14

Question
What was the justification for the impeachment of President Andrew Johnson?
Answer
  • He kept a harem of women
  • He was often drunk
  • He allegedly violated the Tenure of Office Act
  • He purchased Alaska without the required consent of Congress
  • He had obstructed Reconstruction

Question 15

Question
After emancipation, many blacks traveled in order to?
Answer
  • return to Africa or the West Indies
  • seek a better life in Northern cities
  • find lost family members or seek new economic opportunities
  • track down and punish cruel overseers

Question 16

Question
The Freedmen's Bureau was originally established to provide:
Answer
  • land and supplies for black farmers
  • labor registration
  • food, clothes, and education for emancipated slaves
  • political training in citizenship for black voters

Question 17

Question
Lincoln's original plan for Reconstruction in 1863 was that a state could be reintegrated into the Union when:
Answer
  • it repealed its original secession act and took its soldiers out of the Confederate Army
  • 10 percent of its voters took an oath of allegiance to the Union and pledged to abide by emancipation
  • it formally adopted a plan guaranteeing black political and economic rights
  • it ratified that Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments to the Constitution

Question 18

Question
The Black Codes passed by many of the Southern state governments in 1865 aimed to:
Answer
  • provide economic assistance to get former slaves started as sharecroppers
  • ensure a stable and subservient labor force under white control
  • permit blacks to vote if they met certain educational or economic standards
  • gradually force blacks to leave the South

Question 19

Question
The congressional elections of 1866 resulted in:
Answer
  • a victory for Johnson and his pro-Southern Reconstruction plan
  • a further political stalemate between the Republicans in Congress and Johnson
  • a decisive defeat for Johnson and a veto-proof Republican Congress
  • a gain for Northern Democrats and their moderate compromise plan for Reconstruction

Question 20

Question
In contrast to radical Republicans, moderate Republicans generally:
Answer
  • favored states' rights and opposed direct federal involvement in individuals' lives
  • favored the use of federal power to alter the Southern economic system
  • favored emancipation but opposed the Fourteenth Amendment
  • favored returning the Southern states to the Union without significant Reconstruction

Question 21

Question
Besides putting the South under the rule of federal soldiers, the Military Reconstruction Act of 1867 required that:
Answer
  • Southern states give blacks the vote as a condition of re-admittance to the Union
  • blacks and carpetbaggers be given control of Southern legislatures
  • former slaves be given land and education at federal expense
  • former Confederate officials and military officers be tried for treason

Question 22

Question
The Fourteenth Amendment provided for:
Answer
  • an end to slavery
  • permanent disenfranchisement of all Confederate officials
  • full citizenship and civil rights for former slaves
  • voting rights for women

Question 23

Question
The Fifteenth Amendment provided for:
Answer
  • readmitting Southern states to the Union
  • full citizenship and civil rights for former slaves
  • voting rights for former slaves
  • voting rights for women

Question 24

Question
Women's rights leaders were opposed to the Fourteenth and Fifteenth Amendments because:
Answer
  • they objected to racial integration in the women's movement
  • the amendments granted citizenship and voting rights to black and white men but not to women
  • they favored passage of the Equal Rights Amendment first
  • most of them were Democrats who would be hurt by the amendments

Question 25

Question
The right to vote encouraged southern black men to:
Answer
  • form a third political party as an alternative to the Democrats and Republicans
  • seek an apology and reparations for slavery
  • organize the Union League as a vehicle for political empowerment and self defense
  • organize large-scale migrations out of the South to the West

Question 26

Question
The "radical" Reconstruction regimes in the Southern states
Answer
  • took away white Southerners' civil rights and voting rights
  • consisted almost entirely of blacks
  • were made up of white Northerners, white Southerners, and blacks
  • eliminated the public education systems in most Southern states

Question 27

Question
Most of the Northern "carpetbaggers" were actually:
Answer
  • former Union soldiers, businessmen, or professionals
  • undercover agents of the federal government
  • former Southern Whigs and Unionists who had opposed the Confederacy
  • Northern teachers and missionaries who wanted to aid the freedman

Question 28

Question
The radical Republicans' impeachment of President Andrew Johnson resulted in:
Answer
  • Johnson's acceptance of the radicals' Reconstruction plan
  • a failure to convict and remove Johnson by a margin of only one vote
  • Johnson's conviction on a charge of violating the Tenure of Office Act
  • Johnson's resignation and appointment of Ulysses S. Grant as his successor

Question 29

Question
The skeptical public finally accepted Seward's purchase of Alaska because:
Answer
  • there were rumors of extensive oil deposits in the territory
  • it was considered strategically vital to American defense
  • it would provide a new frontier safety valve after the settling of the West
  • Russia had been the only great power friendly to the Union during the Civil War
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