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World Ocean Exam 3 Chapters 9-11

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Quiz on World Ocean Exam 3 Chapters 9-11, created by dftbanotes on 17/11/2014.
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Quiz by dftbanotes, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by dftbanotes about 10 years ago
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Question 1

Question
The compensation depth of phytoplankton in the ocean is often assumed to coincide with light levels that are about _____ of those at the surface.
Answer
  • 25%
  • 1%
  • 10%
  • 8%

Question 2

Question
Net Primary Productivity is the amount of _________ fixed by photosynthesis that exceeds the respiration needs of a plant and goes into growth
Answer
  • Glucose
  • Cellulose
  • Carbon
  • Oxygen

Question 3

Question
Compounds the contain Nitrogen, Silicon, and Phosphorous are called?
Answer
  • Piconutrients
  • Macronutrients
  • Supernutrients
  • Micronutrients

Question 4

Question
What are the chemical substances that plants need to live, but only in very small quantities?
Answer
  • Piconutrients
  • Supernutrients
  • Macronutrients
  • Micronutrients

Question 5

Question
Nutrients are regenerated in the ocean by
Answer
  • Oxidation
  • Respiration
  • Bacterial decomposition
  • Photosynthesis

Question 6

Question
The most productive areas of the ocean are characterized by
Answer
  • warm waters
  • eddies
  • upwelling
  • stagnant waters

Question 7

Question
Near surface waters off Peru are typically ____
Answer
  • Cold and nutrient rich
  • Cold and nutrient poor
  • Warm and nutrient rich
  • Warm and nutrient poor

Question 8

Question
In an El Nino year, the near surface waters off Peru become ____
Answer
  • Cold and nutrient rich
  • Cold and nutrient poor
  • Warm and nutrient rich
  • Warm and nutrient poor

Question 9

Question
Biological productivity in polar seas tends to be limited by
Answer
  • Micronutrients
  • Nitrate availability
  • Temperature levels
  • Solar energy

Question 10

Question
Tropical waters are very clear and blue because of
Answer
  • The absence of plant cells in the water
  • Lower salt content of the waters
  • The ability to reflect the sky better than cold waters

Question 11

Question
A triangular deposit of sediment at the mouth of a river is called a/an ___
Answer
  • Offshore bar
  • Distributary
  • Salt Marsh
  • Delta

Question 12

Question
The delta plain is drained by a system of channels called _____
Answer
  • Tributaries
  • Sills
  • Dikes
  • Distributaries

Question 13

Question
Which of the following lists of materials is listed in increasing order of resistance to erosion?
Answer
  • Unconsolidated Sediment, Shale, Limestone, Granite
  • Shale, Unconsolidated Sediment, Limestone, Granite
  • Limestone, Unconsolidated Sediment, Granite, Shale
  • Shale, Limestone, Unconsolidated Sediment, Granite

Question 14

Question
A __________ delta is one where waves and tides are ineffective in rearranging river deposits
Answer
  • River-Dominated
  • Wave-Dominated
  • Tide Dominated

Question 15

Question
The structure that is built to prevent or diminish sediment deposition at the mouth of a harbor is called a
Answer
  • Jetty
  • Spit
  • Pier
  • Seawall
  • Groin

Question 16

Question
Structures that are built along eroding beaches to trap sand and artificially promote accretion are called ___
Answer
  • Spits
  • Jetties
  • Seawalls
  • Piers
  • Groins

Question 17

Question
The structure that is built in front of harbors or shorelines to redirect wave energy away from the shoreline is a _____
Answer
  • Seawall
  • Pier
  • Groin
  • Breakwater
  • Jetty

Question 18

Question
Structures that are built on shore, on the assumption that they protect beaches, roads, and bluffs, from erosion are called _____
Answer
  • Groins
  • Seawalls
  • Jetties
  • Breakwaters
  • Piers

Question 19

Question
Beach nourishment relies on sand ____
Answer
  • Dredged from offshore
  • Deposited by currents
  • Quarried on land
  • Both B and C
  • Both A and C

Question 20

Question
Which of the following was NOT a contributing factor of the devastation of Hurrricane Katrina in New Orleans?
Answer
  • The land on which the city stands is sinking
  • Sea level is rising
  • The city's pump stations, levees, and flood walls were not strong enough
  • All of the above were contributing factors
  • None of the above were contributing factors

Question 21

Question
In rock form, the calcium carbonate of a coral reef is called ____
Answer
  • Siltstone
  • Limestone
  • Shale
  • Sandstone

Question 22

Question
The coral animal is called a/an
Answer
  • Amoeba
  • Polyp
  • Corallite
  • Anemone

Question 23

Question
The calcium carbonate exoskeleton of a coral animal is called a/an ____
Answer
  • Theca
  • Sheath
  • Hypotheca
  • Corallite

Question 24

Question
The algae living in the tissue of coral animals is called ____
Answer
  • Chrysophytes
  • Zooxanthellae
  • Thallasia
  • Rodophytes

Question 25

Question
The most accurate term for the relationship between coral and zooxanthellae is ____
Answer
  • Commensalism
  • Parasitism
  • Symbiosis
  • Mutualism

Question 26

Question
Coral reefs require water temps of at least ___ degrees
Answer
  • 5
  • 15
  • 20
  • at least seven

Question 27

Question
Brain coral is well adapted to live on what section of the reef?
Answer
  • Buttress Zone
  • Reef Terrace
  • Patch reef
  • Algal ridge

Question 28

Question
Reefs which form limestone shores around islands and the tropical areas of continents are called ___
Answer
  • Reef Flats
  • Fringing reefs
  • Atolls
  • Barrier reefs

Question 29

Question
Reefs that are separated from land by a lagoon are called ____
Answer
  • Atolls
  • Barrier reefs
  • Reef flats
  • Fringing reefs

Question 30

Question
Circular reefs surrounding a central lagoon are called _____
Answer
  • Atolls
  • Barrier reefs
  • Fringing reefs
  • Reef flats

Question 31

Question
On average, the efficiency of trophic transfers is ______
Answer
  • 10 %
  • 30%
  • 50%
  • 75%

Question 32

Question
Primary producers are called _____
Answer
  • Heterotrophs
  • Autotrophs
  • Mesotrophs
  • Plants

Question 33

Question
Which of the following are primary producers?
Answer
  • Plants
  • Herbivores
  • Omnivores
  • Decomposers

Question 34

Question
What would be found at the third trophic level or higher?
Answer
  • Plants
  • Carnivores
  • Herbivores
  • Detritus Feeders

Question 35

Question
A food web consists of a system of interconnected _____
Answer
  • Animal Species
  • Plant Species
  • Currents
  • Food Chains

Question 36

Question
Bacteria would generally be listed as ______
Answer
  • Carnivores
  • Omnivores
  • Decomposers
  • Herbivores

Question 37

Question
Which of the following is typically a grazer?
Answer
  • Shark
  • Barnacles
  • Copepod
  • Coral Polyp

Question 38

Question
The size of the population of any organism is usually a direct function of its _____ supply
Answer
  • Oxygen
  • Carbon Dioxide
  • Food
  • Habitat

Question 39

Question
Bacteria which can live without free oxygen are called what?
Answer
  • Oxidized
  • Anaerobic
  • Decomposers
  • Aerobic

Question 40

Question
Which of the following is a primary factor limiting plant growth?
Answer
  • Nutrient concentrations
  • Upwelling and turbulence
  • Turbidity
  • Grazing intensity

Question 41

Question
The two elements that typically limit productivity of ecosystems are Nitrogen and what?
Answer
  • Carbon
  • Phosphorous
  • Sodium
  • Iron

Question 42

Question
Productivity in tropical oceans is
Answer
  • Oxygen-limited
  • Light-limited
  • Nutrient-limited
  • light and nutrient-limited

Question 43

Question
Productivity in polar oceans is
Answer
  • Oxygen limited
  • Light limited
  • Nutrient limited
  • Light and Nutrient limited

Question 44

Question
Which regions produce the majority of the world's fish?
Answer
  • embayment; coastal
  • coastal; downwelling
  • coastal; upwelling
  • polar; downwelling

Question 45

Question
Tropical oceans are infertile because the ___ of the region inhibits mixing of the water column
Answer
  • Permanent thermocline
  • Permanent halocline
  • Permanent pycnocline
  • High rainfall

Question 46

Question
The spring diatom bloom of temperate ocean waters occurs in response to increasing levels of what?
Answer
  • Nutrients
  • Cool water
  • Light
  • Upwelling

Question 47

Question
The waters adjacent to Peru are an area of coastal what?
Answer
  • Upwelling
  • Downwelling
  • Turbulence

Question 48

Question
The eastern South Pacific normally experiences
Answer
  • Low P and wet weather
  • Low P and dry weather
  • High P and wet weather
  • High P and dry weather

Question 49

Question
The western South Pacific normally experiences
Answer
  • Low P and wet weather
  • Low P and dry weather
  • High P and wet weather
  • High P and dry weather

Question 50

Question
Weakening of winds, Cessation of Upwelling off Peru, and rain in western S. America signify
Answer
  • Normal conditions
  • El Nino conditions
  • La Nina conditions

Question 51

Question
Intensified trade winds, Strong upwelling off Peru, and cool water temps across the pacific signify
Answer
  • Normal conditions
  • El Nino conditions
  • La Nina conditions

Question 52

Question
Most of the energy that reshapes beaches comes from
Answer
  • Tidal action
  • Sea level changes
  • Storm surges
  • Breaking waves

Question 53

Question
Currents in the surf zone that flow parallel to shore are called
Answer
  • Rip
  • Longshore
  • Nearshore
  • Refraction

Question 54

Question
The open water seaward of the breaker zone is called
Answer
  • Offshore zone
  • Swash zone
  • Backshore zone
  • Surf zone

Question 55

Question
A submarine deposit of sand that is parallel to the shore is called
Answer
  • Berm
  • Groin
  • Washover fan
  • Longshore bar

Question 56

Question
A beach profile characterized by a broad berm and a steep beach face is called a/an
Answer
  • Fjord
  • Estuary
  • Storm
  • Swell

Question 57

Question
During a storm, the average grain size of sand on a beach _____
Answer
  • Increases
  • Decreases
  • Stays the same

Question 58

Question
Sand input to a beach can be caused by
Answer
  • Rip currents
  • Cliff erosion
  • River input
  • Both cliff erosion and river input

Question 59

Question
Sand removal is caused by
Answer
  • Longshore transport
  • Wind erosion
  • Cliff erosion
  • Longshore transport and Cliff erosion

Question 60

Question
Sand is permanently lost off of Southern California by being transported to
Answer
  • Deep sea trenches
  • Hydrothermal vents
  • Submarine canyons
  • Mexico

Question 61

Question
The most important role of sand dune vegetation is
Answer
  • Photosynthesis, provide food for beach grazers
  • Bring water nearer to surface via roots
  • Stabilize the sand dunes
  • Provide microhabitats for small organisms
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