Question 1
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Blood is a fluid connective tissue that circulates continually around the body
Question 2
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Blood is not a fluid connective tissue that circulates continually around the body
Question 3
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Blood has a pH of 7.35 - 7.45 - slightly alkaline
Question 4
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Average volumes of blood select 2
Question 5
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Select three functions of blood
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Homeostasis
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Transport
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Defence
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primarily keeping warm
Question 6
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What is transported by blood? (5)
Question 7
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Blood is involved in homeostasis by regulating body temp, pH and regulating the blood volume
Question 8
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Blood is not involved in homeostasis by regulating body temp, pH and regulating the blood volume
Question 9
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Blood is 55% plasma and 45% formed elements (erythrocytes, leuko, platelets etc)
Question 10
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Blood is mostly plasma and but also has formed elements (erythrocytes, leuko, platelets etc)
Question 11
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Is plasma the same as serum?
Question 12
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Serum has no clotting factor
Question 13
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Serum is plasma without the clotting factor
Question 14
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Plasma proteins are mostly produced by the liver
Question 15
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Plasma does not stay in the blood
Question 16
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Plasma proteins are too big to escape through the blood vessels
Question 17
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Plasma proteins are made of albumin, globulins, clotting factors and regulatory enzymes and hormones
Question 18
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Sodium ions are involved in water balance
Question 19
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Potassium ions are involved in neuronal and muscle activation
Question 20
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Calcium ions are important in nerve transmission
Question 21
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Chloride ions, bicarb ions and phosphate ions are important electrolytes
Question 22
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Venipuncture is a superficial vein puncture at anterior surface of elbow
Question 23
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Venipuncture is a superficial vein puncture at posterior surface of elbow
Question 24
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Capillary puncture is a finger tip, ear lobe, big toe or heel
Question 25
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Arterial puncture is used to check efficiency of pulmonary gas exchange
Question 26
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Haemopoiesis is the forming of blood cells
Question 27
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Haemopoiesis occurs in flat and irregular bone marrow
Question 28
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Haemopoietic stem cells form into myeloid stem and lymphoid stem cells
Question 29
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Haemopoietic stem cells do not form into myeloid stem and lymphoid stem cells
Question 30
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Select 4 types of cells the myeloid stem cell can develop into
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RBC
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Platelets
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Granulocytes
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Lymphocytes
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Monocyte
Question 31
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Select 3 different cells lymphoid stem cells can develop into
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Natural killer cells
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T Lymphocytes
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B Lymphocytes
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RBC
Question 32
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Erythrocyte life span is 100 - 120 days
Question 33
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Macrophages phagocytose worn out RBC's
Question 34
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Haemoglobin is broken down into haemoglobin when RBC's are being destroyed
Question 35
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Iron from haem is recycled to make new haemoglobin
Question 36
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Globin is broken down into amino acids and released into the bloodstream when the RBC is being broken down.
Question 37
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Erythropoiesis - production of red blood cells from precursor stem cells
Question 38
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Stem cells take 7 days to form into RBC's
Question 39
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Erythropoiesis requires amino acids, folic acid and vit B12
Question 40
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Erythropoietin acts on the bone marrow to stimulate erythropoiesis
Question 41
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Erythropoietin does not stimulate erythropoiesis
Question 42
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Lack of functioning RBC's can result in hypoxia
Question 43
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EPO can produce 30 million red blood cells per second
Question 44
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EPO can produce 100 million red blood cells per second
Question 45
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Kidneys secrete Erythropoetin into the blood
Question 46
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Leukocyte rolling - when leukocytes leave the bloodstream and move to the site of infection
Question 47
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Leukocytes make up ....
Answer
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1% of the blood stream
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25% of the blood stream
Question 48
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A Granulyte is a ....
Answer
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a white blood cell which does not granules in its cytoplasm, i.e. a neutrophil, basophil, or eosinophil.
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a white blood cell with secretory granules in its cytoplasm, i.e. a neutrophil, basophil, or eosinophil.
Question 49
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Agranulocytes are...
Question 50
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Neutrophils make up
Answer
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40-75% of leukocytes
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10-75% of leukocytes
Question 51
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Neutrophils are also known as polymorphonuclear leukocytes due to the variable shapes of their nucleus
Question 52
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Pseudopodium is a temporary protrusion of the surface of an amoeboid cell for movement and feeding.
Question 53
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Eosinophils are found at the sites of allergic reactions and digest parasitic worms that are too large to be phagocytosed
Question 54
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Leukocytes are similar to mast cells and are involved in the inflammatory response.
Question 55
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There are three types of Lymphocytes: T Cells, B Cells and Natural killer cells.
Question 56
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Select the three types of Lymphocytes:
Answer
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T Cells, B Cells and Natural killer cells.
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T Cells, B Cells and Monocytes
Question 57
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Monocytes are actively motile and phagocytic, they are crucial against viruses, bacterial parasites and infections.
Question 58
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Platelets are cell fragments with no nucleus but lots of granules, lysosomes and mitochondria.
Question 59
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Blood clotting is also known as haemostasis
Question 60
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Anaemia; blood either has a lower than normal number of RBC's or a lower than normal amount of haemoglobin in each RBC
Question 61
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Leukocytosis: increased WBC due to infection of inflammation.
Question 62
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Leukopenia: decreased WBC, can be caused by chemotherapy, radiation, overwhelming infection.
Question 63
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Leukaemia is caused in the bone marrow by cancerous leukocytes, immature nonfunctional WBC's in the bloodstream.
Question 64
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Thrombocytopenia: decreased platelet numbers, results in bleeding.
Question 65
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Thrombocytosis: Increased platelet numbers, results in clotting within blood vessels.
Question 66
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Thrombocytopenia: : Increased platelet numbers, results in clotting within blood vessels.
Question 67
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Haematocrit is the ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the total volume of blood.
Question 68
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Haematopoeisis is the ratio of the volume of red blood cells to the total volume of blood.
Question 69
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A karyotype is simply a picture of a person’s chromosomes.
Question 70
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Cells differentiate to do different jobs, and need to express different genes
Question 71
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How is a gene expressed?
Question 72
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Ribosomes string together amino acids in the correct sequence (determined by the genetic code) to make proteins
Question 73
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Ribosomes are Protein assembly machines.
Question 74
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The ER functions as a manufacturing and packaging system.
Question 75
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Rough ER: Protein folding and modification
Smooth ER: Lipid production
Question 76
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Smooth ER: Protein folding and modification
Rough ER: Lipid production
Question 77
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Golgi Apparatus: The protein packaging & shipping department.
Question 78
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Diffusion is the net passive movement of particles (atoms, ions or molecules) from a region in which they are in higher concentration to regions of lower concentration.
Question 79
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Osmosis is the net passive movement of particles (atoms, ions or molecules) from a region in which they are in higher concentration to regions of lower concentration.
Question 80
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Osmosis: a process by which molecules of a solvent tend to pass through a semipermeable membrane from a less concentrated solution into a more concentrated one.
Question 81
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The process of normal cell division:
Question 82
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Apoptotic genes:
Answer
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Promote cell death
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Promote cell division
Question 83
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Proto-oncogenes:
Answer
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Promote cell division
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Promote cell death
Question 84
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There are four main tissue types: Epithelial Tissue, Connective Tissue, Muscle Tissue & Nervous tissue