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Philosophy - Chapter 3

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Quiz Two
Elizabeth Mejia
Quiz by Elizabeth Mejia, updated more than 1 year ago
Elizabeth Mejia
Created by Elizabeth Mejia over 5 years ago
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Question 1

Question
A priori knowledge is a knowledge that is justified independently of experience
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 2

Question
"Tadpoles become frogs" is an example of a posteriori knowledge.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 3

Question
Logically necessary truths are examples of a posteriori knowledge
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 4

Question
Descartes doubted every one of his beliefs except those that were based on solid sense experience
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 5

Question
Ideas that are inborn or that the mind already contains prior to experience are called innate ideas
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 6

Question
The Statement "There is nothing in the intellect that was not first in the sense" expresses empiricism
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 7

Question
Kant tried to form a compromise between rationalism and atheism
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 8

Question
According to your text, objectivism is a dogmatic, authoritarian position in which the speaker claims that he or she has the absolute truth
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 9

Question
According to your text, the term "epistemology" comes from two Greek Words that mean
Answer
  • opinion and belief
  • knowledge and rational discourse
  • questioning and answers
  • searching and wisdom

Question 10

Question
Philosophers, following Plato, have traditionally defined knowledge as
Answer
  • a belief that someone embraces with conviction
  • true justified belief
  • something which is true, whether anyone is aware of it or not
  • any opinion which is true, and leads to a successful life

Question 11

Question
The adjective "empirical" refers to
Answer
  • a claim for which no support is provided
  • anything that is based on experience
  • a logically necessary truth
  • a knowledge that is based on a definition

Question 12

Question
The claim "Either my team will win its next game or it won't" is an example of.....
Answer
  • a logically necessary truth and a priori knowledge
  • a logically necessary truth and a posteriori knowledge
  • factual information about the world and a posteriori knowledge
  • empirical knowledge

Question 13

Question
One of the three epistemological questions discussed in the text is
Answer
  • Is there such a thing as mental telepathy?
  • Does our knowledge represent reality as it really is?
  • What is the meaning of life?
  • Is scientific knowledge incompatible with religious faith?

Question 14

Question
The text referred to René Descartes's strategy for finding certainty as
Answer
  • the inference to the best explanation
  • the Socratic method
  • methodological skepticism
  • the scientific method

Question 15

Question
The primary reason that Descartes doubted so many things was
Answer
  • he has lost the will to go on living
  • to show how foolish the ideas of his teachers were
  • to find if there was any belief that was certain
  • he was trying to attack religious belief

Question 16

Question
In his initial examination of his beliefs, the one thing that Descartes could not doubt was that
Answer
  • he was doubting
  • he had a body
  • 2 + 3 = 5
  • he was awake and not dreaming

Question 17

Question
Descartes's first bedrock of certainty was
Answer
  • "God exists"
  • "I am not now dreaming"
  • "I am, I exist."
  • "I have a body"

Question 18

Question
Which of the following was one of the three anchor points of rationalism?
Answer
  • Scientific knowledge is the only kind of knowledge there is
  • The fundamental truths about the world can be known a priori
  • There is no God
  • The reasons we have for our beliefs are nothing more than human opinions

Question 19

Question
According to the rationalist, logical truths, mathematical truths, and metaphysical truths are all examples of which kind of knowledge?
Answer
  • empirical knowledge
  • a posteriori knowledge
  • a priori knowledge
  • truths that do not tell us anything about the world

Question 20

Question
Innate ideas are ideas that
Answer
  • are acquired through experience
  • based on an individual's cultural traditions
  • can never be known to be true
  • the mind already contains prior to experience

Question 21

Question
In your reading from Plato's dialogue Phaedo, Socrates discusses
Answer
  • the relationship between philosophy and the religious beliefs of his day
  • the method for forming a truly good society and appointing its leaders
  • how we can have knowledge of perfect justice, beauty, goodness and equality.
  • why it is impossible to harm a truly good person

Question 22

Question
Descartes's principle "there must be as much reality in the cause as there is in the effect" was used to prove the existence of
Answer
  • his soul
  • his body
  • God
  • the evil demon

Question 23

Question
Descartes's argument for God's existence is based on
Answer
  • the need for a reason to be moral
  • the fact that the universe requires a cause
  • the very idea of a perfect being
  • the order and design in the world

Question 24

Question
According to Descartes, the explanation of how he had the idea of God in his mind is that
Answer
  • he intuited it from the beauty and grandeur of the universe
  • God planted the idea within him
  • his conscience and inner moral feelings led him to the idea of God
  • all the above

Question 25

Question
Descartes finally concluded that he could trust his sense experience because
Answer
  • otherwise, life would not be worth living
  • apart from experience, he would be unable to do science
  • a good God would not deceive him
  • the knowledge gained through the senses is just too obvious to be doubted

Question 26

Question
The empiricist believes that
Answer
  • the only source of genuine knowledge is sense experience
  • apart from experience, the reason is an unreliable and inadequate route to knowledge
  • there is no evidence of innate ideas within the mind
  • all of the above

Question 27

Question
Three of the empiricists discussed in the text were
Answer
  • John Locke, George Berkely, and David Hume
  • Plato, Rene Descartes, and John Locke
  • Plato, Gottfried Leibniz, and George Berkely
  • Gottfried Leibniz, John Locke, David Hume

Question 28

Question
According to your text, "idealism" means the belief
Answer
  • one should have an optimistic outlook on life
  • the task of philosophy is to search for the ideal conditions of knowledge
  • ultimate reality is mental or spiritual in nature
  • reality goes far beyond what we discover in sense experience

Question 29

Question
Berkeley believed that the word "matter" refers to
Answer
  • nothing at all
  • any object that is studied scientifically
  • the external cause of our perceptual experiences
  • something that is real, but only known indirectly

Question 30

Question
Berkeley believed that the word "apple" refers to
Answer
  • nothing more than a collection of experiences in our minds
  • a material object
  • a substance underlying what is experienced
  • nothing, since reality, does not exist

Question 31

Question
Hume was skeptical about which of the following beliefs
Answer
  • our belief that the future will always be like the past
  • our belief in an external world
  • our belief in the existence of our self
  • all of the above

Question 32

Question
Since fire has burned us in the past, we believe that fire will burn us in the future. According to Hume, this reasoning is based on
Answer
  • impressions
  • the principle of induction
  • the laws of logic
  • methodological skepticism

Question 33

Question
Hume says our causal judgments are based on
Answer
  • the experience of a necessary connection between two events
  • the similarity between two events
  • the bedrock certainty of the sciences
  • the constant conjunction of two events in our past experience

Question 34

Question
Hume's test for evaluating the worth of a book was to ask: Does it contain either......
Answer
  • mathematical reasoning or experimental reasoning about matters of fact?
  • morally uplifting advice or conclusions based on the author's experience?
  • facts based on common opinion or the testimony of authorities
  • clear and distinct ideas or fruitful ideas that provoke the imagination

Question 35

Question
Which of the following claims did Immanuel Kant assert?
Answer
  • All our knowledge begins with experience
  • Experience alone cannot give us universal and necessary knowledge
  • The mind constructs the objects of knowledge
  • all of the above

Question 36

Question
"Kant's revolution" refers to his proposal to
Answer
  • reverse the relationship between knowledge and its objects in epistemology
  • overthrow the king
  • replace Newtonian physics with his theory
  • overthrow the claims of empiricism and return to pure rationalism

Question 37

Question
The text referred to Kant's position as "constructivism" because
Answer
  • it was not negative and destructive like previous theories
  • he tried to construct a bridge between scientific knowledge and religious knowledge
  • he believed all knowledge was constructed out of the innate ideas in the mind
  • he claimed that the mind forms its objects out of the raw data of experience

Question 38

Question
In Kant's terminology, things-as-they-appear-to-us are called __________ and things-in themselves are called ________.
Answer
  • complex ideas / simple ideas
  • ideas/material objects
  • the phenomena/the noumena
  • secondary qualities/primary qualities

Question 39

Question
According to Kant, the mind makes knowledge possible by
Answer
  • creating reality out of itself
  • imposing its own form on the materials of experience
  • mirroring the structures of reality
  • discovering the innate truths within the mind

Question 40

Question
Kant's categories of the understanding are
Answer
  • habits of thought acquired through experience
  • his name for the laws of logic
  • laws of nature discovered by science
  • organizing principles the mind brings to the experience
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