Patho Quiz 1

Question 1

Question

An ordered photographic display of a set of chromosomes from a single cell is a

Answer

Karyotype
no

Question 2

Question

A 75-year-old male presents with chest pain with exertion. He was previously diagnosed with arteriosclerosis (narrowing and blockage of the vessels). The chest pain is most likely due to hypoxic injury secondary to

Answer

Ischemia (inadequate blood supply to organ)
no

Question 3

Question

Natriuretic hormones affect the balance of:

Answer

calcium.
magnesium.
sodium.
potassium.

Question 4

Question

How are potassium and sodium transported across plasma membranes?

Answer

By diffusion
By coupled channels
By passive electrolyte channels
By active transport requiring ATP

Question 5

Question

The role of physical activity in the prevention of colon cancer is identified by which of the following?

Answer

It increases the secretion of hydrochloric acid thereby killing mutants.
It increases blood supply thereby increasing oxygen to the colon.
It increases fluid loss leading to thirst and increased fluid intake, hydrating the colon.
It increases gut motility thereby decreasing the time the bowel is exposed to mutagens.

Question 6

Question

Which of the following compounds has been shown to increase the risk of cancer when used in combination with smoking?

Answer

Hypnotics
Antihistamines
Steroids
Alcohol

Question 7

Question

When an aide asks why carcinomas rarely occur in childhood, how should the nurse respond? (Select all that apply.)

Answer

Carcinomas need a long time from exposure to occurrence. Carcinomas are due to environmental exposures.
Carcinomas cannot develop in an immunosuppressed environment. Carcinomas are mesodermal. Carcinomas occur primarily in secondary sexual organs.

Question 8

Question

An athlete runs a marathon, after which his muscles feel fatigued and unable to contract. The athlete asks the nurse why this happened. How should the nurse respond? A deficiency in ________ can cause impaired muscle contraction.

Answer

Question 9

Question

The faculty member asked the student to identify the appropriate term for the movement of small, electrically uncharged molecules through a semipermeable barrier. Which answer indicates the nursing student understood the teaching?

Answer

Diffusion
Osmosis
Active Transport
Hydrostatic Pressure

Question 10

Question

A patient receives a hypertonic saline solution intravenously to replace the sodium and chloride lost in the stool. What effect will this fluid replacement have on cells? Cells will:

Answer

Divide
Become hydrated
Swell or burst
Shrink

Question 11

Question

What causes the rapid change in the resting membrane potential that initiates an action potential?

Answer

Potassium gates close, allowing sodium into the cell to change the membrane potential from positive to negative.
Sodium gates close, allowing potassium into the cell to change the membrane potential from positive to negative.
Potassium gates open, and potassium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane potential from negative to positive.
Sodium gates open, and sodium rushes into the cell, changing the membrane potential from negative to positive.

Question 12

Question

The nurse is teaching staff about the most common cause of Down syndrome. What is the nurse describing?

Answer

Paternal nondisjunction
Paternal translocations
Maternal nondisjunction
Maternal translocations

Question 13

Question

An aide asks the nurse why people who have neurofibromatosis will show varying degrees of the disease. Which genetic principle should the nurse explain to the aide?

Answer

Expressivity
Dominance
Recessiveness
Penetrance

Question 14

Question

A child is born with blue eyes (bb). The child’s mother has blue eyes and the father has brown eyes. Which of the following represents the father?

Answer

Question 15

Question

A biologist is explaining how RNA directs the synthesis of protein. Which process is the biologist describing?

Answer

Transcription
Translation
Translocation
Termination

Question 16

Question

When the nurse is teaching the staff about X-linked recessive disorders, which information should the nurse include? (Select all that apply.)

Answer

The gene can be transmitted through a series of carrier females. The trait is never transmitted from father to son. The gene is passed from an affected father to all his daughters.
The trait is seen much more often in females than in males. The trait never skips generations.

Question 17

Question

A 52-year-old male suffered a myocardial infarction secondary to atherosclerosis and ischemia. Once oxygen returned to the damaged heart, reperfusion injury occurred as a result of:

Answer

Vacuolation
Lipid acceptor proteins
Increased metabolic state
Free radical formation

Question 18

Question

A common pathway of irreversible cell injury involves increased intracellular:

Answer

Sodium
Potassium
Calcium
Magnesium

Question 19

Question

A 55-year-old male with a 30-year history of smoking is examined for respiratory disturbance. Examination of his airway (bronchial) reveals that stratified squamous epithelial cells have replaced the normal columnar ciliated cells. This type of cellular adaptation is called:

Answer

Hyperplasia
Dysplasia
Anaplasia
Metaplasia

Question 20

Question

A nurse is teaching the staff about antidiuretic hormone (ADH). Which information should the nurse include? Secretion of ADH is stimulated by:

Answer

Generalized edema
Increased serum potassium
Increased plasma osmolality
Decreased renal blood flow

Question 21

Question

Which statement by the staff indicates teaching was successful concerning aldosterone? Secretion of aldosterone results in:

Answer

Increased serum potassium levels
Decreased plasma osmolality
Localized edema
Increased blood volume

Question 22

Question

Which of the following patients is the most at risk for developing hypernatremia? A patient with:

Answer

Vomiting
Dehydration
Hypoaldosteronism
Diuretic use

Question 23

Question

For a patient experiencing metabolic acidosis, the body will compensate by:

Answer

Hyperventilating
Excreting H+ through the kidneys
Retaining CO2 in the lungs
Secreting aldosterone

Question 24

Question

A 54-year-old male with a long history of smoking complains of excessive tiredness, shortness of breath, and overall ill feelings. Lab results reveal decreased pH, increased CO2, and normal bicarbonate ion. These findings help to confirm the diagnosis of:

Answer

Metabolic acidosis
Respiratory acidosis
Respiratory alkalosis
Metabolic alkalosis

Question 25

Question

Water movement between the ICF and ECF compartments is determined by:

Answer

Osmotic forces
Antidiuretic hormone
Plasma oncotic pressure
Buffer systems

Question 26

Question

When planning care for a dehydrated patient, the nurse remembers the principle of water balance is closely related to _____ balance.

Answer

Sodium
Potassium
Bicarbonate
Chloride

Question 27

Question

The predominant phagocyte of early inflammation is the:

Answer

Macrophage
Neutrophil
Eosinophil
Lymphocyte

Question 28

Question

A 25-year-old female experiences a headache and takes Advil for relief. A nurse recalls Advil relieves the headache by:

Answer

Decreasing prostaglandin production
Increasing platelet-activating factor
Increasing histamine release
Decreasing leukotriene production

Question 29

Question

The nurse identified each of the following clinical manifestations of inflammation. Which would the nurse classify as a local response? (Select all that apply.)

Answer

Heat Redness Swelling Pain
Fever

Question 30

Question

A 10-year-old male is stung by a bee while playing in the yard. He experiences a severe allergic reaction and has to go to the ER. The nurse providing care realizes this reaction is the result of:

Answer

Toxoids
IgM
IgE
IgA

Question 31

Question

Which patient will develop active immunity? A patient who:

Answer

Has T cells that become B cells
Receives immunoglobulin
Has natural exposure to an antigen or receives an immunization
Receives preformed antibodies or T cells from a donor

Question 32

Question

When the immunoglobulin crosses the placenta, what type of immunity does the fetus receive?

Answer

Active
Passive
Innate
Cell-mediated

Question 33

Question

When a nurse cares for a patient with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), the nurse remembers this disease is an example of:

Answer

Alloimmunity
Homoimmunity
Alleimmunity
Autoimmunity

Question 34

Question

When a nurse notices that a patient has type O blood, the nurse realizes that anti-_____ antibodies are present in the patient’s body.

Answer

B only
A only
O
A and B

Question 35

Question

A 15-year-old male suffers from severe hemorrhage following a motor vehicle accident. He is given a blood transfusion, but shortly afterward the red blood cells are destroyed by agglutination and lysis. Which of the following blood type-transfusion type matches would cause this?

Answer

A-AB
A-A
B-O
AB-O

Question 36

Question

After studying about viruses, which information indicates the student has a good understanding of viruses? Viruses:

Answer

Contain no DNA or RNA
Replicate their genetic material inside host cells
Are easily killed by antimicrobials
Are capable of independent reproduction

Question 37

Question

What common symptom should be assessed in individuals with immunodeficiency?

Answer

Autoantibody production
Hypersensitivity
Anemia
Recurrent infections

Question 38

Question

A 10-year-old male is stung by a bee while playing in the yard. He begins itching and develops pain, swelling, redness, and respiratory difficulties. He is suffering from:

Answer

Autoimmunity
Tissue-specific hypersensitivity
Anaphylaxis
Immunodeficiency

Question 39

Question

A 45-year-old female was recently diagnosed with cervical cancer. She reports a sexual history that includes 43 partners. Which of the following is the most likely cause of her cancer?

Answer

Rubella virus
Hepatitis B virus
Human papillomavirus (HPV)
Herpes virus

Question 40

Question

A 45-year-old male presents with persistent, severe stomach pain. Testing reveals a peptic ulcer. Further laboratory tests reveal the presence of Helicobacter pylori. Which of the following is of concern for this patient?

Answer

Leukemia
Gastric cancer
Adenocarcinoma of the colon
Lung cancer

Question 41

Question

Which information indicates a nurse understands characteristics of malignant tumors?

Answer

Has a high mitotic index
Grows slowly
Is well-differentiated
Has a well-defined capsule

Question 42

Question

A 30-year-old female is diagnosed with cancer. Testing reveals that the cancer cells have spread to local lymph nodes. A nurse realizes this cancer would be documented as stage:

Answer

Question 43

Question

Which information should the nurse include when teaching about angiogenic factors? In cancer, angiogenic factors stimulate:

Answer

Release of growth factors
Tumor regression
Apoptosis
New blood vessel growth

Question 44

Question

In response to an increased workload, cardiac myocardial cells will:

Answer

decrease in length.
increase in number.
increase in excitability.
increase in size.

Question 45

Question

Effects of elevated -endorphins include:

Answer

hyperglycemia.
pain inhibition.
peripheral vasoconstriction.
decreased immune cell activity.

Question 46

Question

A runner has depleted all the oxygen available for muscle energy. Which of the following will facilitate his continued muscle performance?

Answer

Oxidative phosphorylation
Anaerobic glycolysis
Aerobic glycolysis
Electron-transport chain

Question 47

Question

An epidemiological study reveals that a large population of people carry the same genetic mutation but only 75% of the people with that mutation express the disease. This finding can be described as which of the following?

Answer

Hidden phenotype
Variable expressivity
Incomplete penetrance
Karotypic malformation

Question 48

Question

A 23-year old diabetic male presents with a 3-day history of flu-like symptoms. His blood sugar is elevated and the arterial blood gas (ABG) values reveal a decreased pH, normal CO2, and decreased bicarbonate ion. The most likely diagnosis is:

Answer

respiratory alkalosis.
metabolic alkalosis.
metabolic acidosis.
respiratory acidosis.

Question 49

Question

A nurse is reviewing the pedigree chart. When checking for a proband, what is the nurse looking for?

Answer

The codominance
The phenotype of genetic material
The person who is first diagnosed with a genetic disease
The individual who has a disease gene but is phenotypically normal

Question 50

Question

A 20 year old patient asks the nurse about side effects of the flu vaccine. The nurse knows that possible side effects include:

Answer

dystonia.
inability to ambulate in a forward direction.
pain at the injection site.
an Australian accent.

	Created by Crystal Thorn almost 10 years ago

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Patho Quiz 1

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Question 1

Question 2

Question 3

Question 4

Question 5

Question 6

Question 7

Question 8

Question 9

Question 10

Question 11

Question 12

Question 13

Question 14

Question 15

Question 16

Question 17

Question 18

Question 19

Question 20

Question 21

Question 22

Question 23

Question 24

Question 25

Question 26

Question 27

Question 28

Question 29

Question 30

Question 31

Question 32

Question 33

Question 34

Question 35

Question 36

Question 37

Question 38

Question 39

Question 40

Question 41

Question 42

Question 43

Question 44

Question 45

Question 46

Question 47

Question 48

Question 49

Question 50

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