Pneumonia will affect the gas exchange because it affects the alveolar spaces.
Answer
True
False
Question 2
Question
Alveolar ventilation (Av) allows gas to move from the lungs to blood. An adequacy of [blank_start]capillary[blank_end] flow to the lungs is required for adequate [blank_start]gas[blank_end] exchange. When the capillary flow is compromised, a mismatch will occur between [blank_start]Av and perfusion[blank_end]. (I.e. even when alveolar ventilation is fine, if blood flow to the alveolar capillaries is poor the perfusion of gasses will be [blank_start]poor[blank_end].)
Factors that affect pulmonary capillary flow include:
- pulmonary [blank_start]embolism[blank_end]
- right [blank_start]ventricular[blank_end] dysfunction
Answer
capillary
gas
Av and perfusion
poor
embolism
ventricular
Question 3
Question
When PaCO2 gets high we breathe slower.
Answer
True
False
Question 4
Question
Spirometry tests assess alveolar ventilation. A FEV/FVC (Forced Expiratory Volume (1s) & Forced Vital Capacity) ratio is usually [blank_start]0.8[blank_end].
Peak expiratory flow rate (L/min) values of PEFR depend on size, sex and age, but typically a healthy range for adults is [blank_start]400 - 600[blank_end] L/min. PEFR tends to be less [blank_start]sensitive[blank_end] to small airways disease.
Obstructive diseases ([blank_start]asthma, COPD, bronchitis[blank_end]) reduce the expiration ability (reduce [blank_start]FEV1[blank_end] and [blank_start]FEV/FVC[blank_end] ratio.) There is evidence of [blank_start]reversibility[blank_end].
Restrictive diseases ([blank_start]fibrosis[blank_end], end stages of [blank_start]COPD[blank_end]) reduce the usable capacity (reduce [blank_start]FVC[blank_end], and [blank_start]reduce[blank_end] FEV.)
Answer
0.8
400 - 600
sensitive
asthma, COPD, bronchitis
FEV1
FEV/FVC
reversibility
fibrosis
COPD
FVC
reduce
Question 5
Question
Partial pressure of oxygen & carbon dioxide:
1. PaO2, partial pressure of oxygen in the arterial circulation
- PaO2 is dependent on [blank_start]inspired[blank_end] O2 and [blank_start]atmospheric[blank_end] pressure.
- Values [blank_start]< 60 mmHg[blank_end] typically cause symptoms.
2. PaCO2, partial pressure of CO2 in the arterial circulation
- Normal value is [blank_start]40 mmHg[blank_end]
- It is produced by [blank_start]tissues[blank_end] during internal respiration
- Values [blank_start]> 50 mmHg[blank_end] typically cause symptoms