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BVetMed3: Signs of Respiratory Disease

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Graduate Accelerated Veterinary Medicine (Respiratory) Quiz on BVetMed3: Signs of Respiratory Disease, created by Marina Martins on 12/04/2019.
Marina Martins
Quiz by Marina Martins, updated more than 1 year ago
Marina Martins
Created by Marina Martins over 5 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
Which of the following causes bronchodilation of the smooth muscle in a dog's airway?
Answer
  • Acetylcholine binding to muscarinic receptors 1 and 3
  • Beta-2 antagonists
  • Adrenal medulla releasing epinephrine to bind to beta-2 receptors
  • Cholinergic agonists

Question 2

Question
Which of the following is FALSE regarding the cough reflex?
Answer
  • It involves enkephalins and endoprhins binding to opioid receptors in the cough center
  • Activation of irritant receptors stimulates the phrenic nerve.
  • The cough centre is in the brain steam.
  • There is no differentiation between pathogens or dust binding to irritant receptors in the respiratory tract.

Question 3

Question
Which of the following is NOT a opioid receptor agonist?
Answer
  • Butorphanol
  • Codeine
  • Methadone
  • Acepromazine

Question 4

Question
Which of the following are NOT resident cells in the respiratory tract?
Answer
  • Alveolar macrophages
  • Lymphocytes
  • Mast cells
  • Neutrophils

Question 5

Question
Which immunoglobulin is involved in the lower respiratory airways?
Answer
  • IgA
  • IgG
  • IgM
  • IgE

Question 6

Question
Which immunoglobulin is involved in the upper respiratory airways?
Answer
  • IgG
  • IgA
  • IgM
  • IgE

Question 7

Question
Which of the following cough characteristics is more typical of an lower airway issue?
Answer
  • soft, muted, productive
  • harsh, loud non-productive
  • swallowing after coughing
  • harsh, loud, productive
  • soft, muted, non-productive

Question 8

Question
A harsh, non-productive cough is indicative of a problem in the
Answer
  • lower respiratory tract
  • upper respiratory tract

Question 9

Question
What is the normal respiratory rate for adult horses?
Answer
  • 8-15
  • 10-30
  • 25-35
  • 24-42
  • 20-40
  • 30-60

Question 10

Question
What is the normal respiratory rate for adult cows, sheep and pigs?
Answer
  • 8-15
  • 10-30
  • 25-35
  • 20-40
  • 24-42
  • 30-60

Question 11

Question
What is the normal respiratory rate for foals and calves?
Answer
  • 8-15
  • 10-30
  • 25-35
  • 20-40
  • 24-42
  • 30-60

Question 12

Question
Which of the following would not cause inspiratory distress?
Answer
  • Laryngeal hemiplegia
  • pleural effusion
  • soft palate disorder
  • Recurrent airway obstruction

Question 13

Question
Which of the following would cause BOTH inspiratory and expiratory distress?
Answer
  • tracheal collapse
  • farmer's disease
  • pleural effusion
  • extrathoracic intraluminal mass

Question 14

Question
Orthopnoea refers to
Answer
  • difficult breathing while recumbent
  • respiratory distress
  • a decreased respiratory rate
  • communication between oral and nasal cavities

Question 15

Question
Unilateral nasal discharge tends to originate in
Answer
  • structures rostral to the caudal end of the nasal septum
  • caudal structures in the nasal septum
  • the oropharynx
  • trachea

Question 16

Question
Food or milk in the nasal discharge can be indicative of
Answer
  • dysphagia
  • epistaxis
  • haemoptysis
  • orthopnoea

Question 17

Question
The presence of blood at the external nares is known as
Answer
  • haemoptysis
  • epistaxis
  • dysphagia
  • orthopnoea

Question 18

Question
Which of the following is TRUE regarding cyanosis?
Answer
  • Is is only evident if hemoglobin levels are abnormal
  • often seen with anaemia
  • it only causes blue discolouration of the mucous membrane
  • it occurs due to poor peripheral perfusion

Question 19

Question
In horses, breathing and stride rate are independent when trotting.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 20

Question
An owner notices their horse has very loud, intense respiratory sound at gallop whenever its limbs are extending. This suggests
Answer
  • inspiratory stridor
  • expiratory stridor
  • epistaxis
  • orthopnoea

Question 21

Question
Which of the following is most indicative of infected sinuses?
Answer
  • asymmetrical facial symmetry
  • epistaxis
  • orthopnoea
  • nasal discharge

Question 22

Question
Which of the following is NOT an important point of auscultation in ruminants?
Answer
  • 6th intercostal space
  • 3rd intercostal space
  • 9th intercostal space
  • 11th intercostal space

Question 23

Question
Hearing crackles when auscultating small animals indicates
Answer
  • issues with the upper respiratory tract
  • issues with small airways and alveoli
  • partial obstruction of larger airways
  • possible pleural effusion

Question 24

Question
Which of the following diagnostic techniques uses general anaesthesia?
Answer
  • transtracheal aspirate
  • endoscopically-guided tracheal aspirate
  • thoracocentesis
  • trans-tracheal wash

Question 25

Question
Trans-tracheal washes involves direct access to a patient's airway via
Answer
  • puncture of cricothyroid ligament
  • puncture of thyrohyoid membrane
  • ET tube placed down oral cavity
  • puncture between first and second tracheal rings

Question 26

Question
Which of the following diagnostics allows characterisation of pleural effusion?
Answer
  • thoracocentesis
  • bronchoalveolar lavage
  • trans-tracheal wash
  • lung aspiration

Question 27

Question
You suspect a horse has recurrent airway obstruction but its owner is low on funds. Which of the following diagnostics would you therefore suggest to confirm RAO?
Answer
  • bronchoalveolar lavage
  • thoracocentesis
  • lung aspirate
  • nasopharyngeal swab

Question 28

Question
Which of the following imaging is most useful for characterising pleural effusion?
Answer
  • Thoracic ultrasonography
  • Thoracic CT scan
  • Thoracic radiography

Question 29

Question
The mucociliary escalator extends from
Answer
  • terminal bronchioles to the larynx
  • alveoli to the pharynx
  • bronchioles to the trachea
  • bronchioles to nasal cavity

Question 30

Question
Failure of lung tissue to expand at birth is known as
Answer
  • primary atelectasis
  • secondary atelectasis
  • emphyesma
  • orthopnoea

Question 31

Question
A tumor in the pleural cavity outside the lung compresses the lung and causes it to partially collapse. This is
Answer
  • primary atelectasis
  • secondary atelectasis
  • emphysema
  • anthracosis

Question 32

Question
Which of the following can cause this type of lung pathology?
Image:
Emphysema (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • emphysema
  • hydrothorax
  • primary atelectasis
  • pulmonary oedema

Question 33

Question
What type of emphysema does recurrent airway disease cause in horses?
Answer
  • alveolar
  • interstitial
  • compensatory

Question 34

Question
What is the difference between hyperaemia and congestion?
Answer
  • Hyperemia involves increased arteriole inflow while venous outflow is maintained. Congestion involves normal arteriole inflow but increased venous outflow.
  • Hyperemia involves increased arteriole inflow while venous outflow is increased. Congestion involves normal arteriole inflow but decreased venous outflow.
  • Hyperemia involves increased arteriole inflow while venous outflow is maintained. Congestion involves normal arteriole inflow but decreased venous outflow.
  • Hyperemia involves decreased arteriole inflow while venous outflow is maintained. Congestion involves normal arteriole inflow but decreased venous outflow.

Question 35

Question
In aspirational pneunoma, the hyperaemia typically affects which lung lobes?
Answer
  • caudodorsal
  • cranioventral
  • caudoventral
  • craniodorsal

Question 36

Question
Which of the following is NOT a major factor that prevents pulmonary oedema?
Answer
  • tight junctions between alveolar epithelium
  • intra-alveolar pressure being greater than interstitial pressure
  • lymphatic drainage
  • hydrostatic pressure

Question 37

Question
Which of the following is unlikely to cause pulmonary oedema?
Answer
  • left-sided heart failure
  • right-sided heart failure
  • acute brain damage
  • excessive fluid therapy

Question 38

Question
Pneumonia can be classified based on location. Label the following image with the most likely type of pnuemonia to cause the pathology pattern.
Image:
Lung+Distribution (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • normal lung
  • suppurative bronchopneumonia
  • fibrinous bronchopneumonia
  • interstitial pneumonia
  • embolic pneumonia
  • granulomatous pneumonia
  • granulomatous pneumonia
  • embolic pneumonia
  • interstitial pneumonia
  • fibrinous bronchopneumonia
  • suppurative bronchopneumonia
  • normal lung
  • normal lung
  • suppurative bronchopneumonia
  • fibrinous bronchopneumonia
  • interstitial pneumonia
  • embolic pneumonia
  • granulomatous pneumonia
  • granulomatous pneumonia
  • embolic pneumonia
  • fibrinous bronchopneumonia
  • interstitial pneumonia
  • suppurative bronchopneumonia
  • normal lung
  • normal lung
  • suppurative bronchopneumonia
  • fibrinous bronchopneumonia
  • interstitial pneumonia
  • embolic pneumonia
  • granulomatous pneumonia

Question 39

Question
Which of the following is a possible sequel of persistent bronchopneumonia?
Answer
  • bronchiectasis
  • melanosis
  • alveolar emphysema
  • secondary atelectasis

Question 40

Question
Which of the following animals would you be more likely to see lobar pneumonia?
Answer
  • cattle
  • sheep
  • horses
  • dogs

Question 41

Question
Interstitial pneumonia often involves "cuffing" or proliferation of what type of cell around airways?
Answer
  • lymphocytes
  • neutrophils
  • macrophages
  • eosinophils
  • mast cells

Question 42

Question
Paraquat is a pneumotoxin and cause what type of pneumonia in small animals?
Answer
  • interstitial
  • suppurative
  • fibrinous
  • embolic
  • granulomatous

Question 43

Question
What type of pneumonia is often secondary to endocarditis?
Answer
  • Embolic
  • Granulomatous
  • Fibrinous
  • Interstitial
  • Suppurative

Question 44

Question
Tuberculosis can cause what type of pneumonia?
Answer
  • granulomatous
  • embolic
  • interstitial
  • fibrinous
  • suppurative
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