Molecular Biology Techniques

Question 1

Question

What monomer units make up the DNA molecule?

Answer

Nucleotides
Monosaccharides
Amino acids
Phospholipids

Question 2

Question

Which of the four nucleotide bases are purine bases?

Answer

Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine

Question 3

Question

How many carbon rings do purine bases have?

Answer

Question 4

Question

Which of the four bases are pyramidine bases?

Answer

Adenine
Guanine
Cytosine
Thymine

Question 5

Question

How many carbon rings do pyramidine bases have?

Answer

Question 6

Question

In which direction do the nucleotide chains run in?

Answer

5' to 3'
3' to 5'

Question 7

Question

What type of sequences do restriction enzymes recognize?

Answer

Palindromic sequences
Repetitive sequences
Sequences that only occur once in the whole of our genome

Question 8

Question

All restriction enzymes recognize the same sequence. True or false?

Answer

True
False

Question 9

Question

Restriction enzymes that cut in the middle of the palindrome leave....

Answer

Blunt ends
Sticky ends

Question 10

Question

Restriction enzymes that cut at the end of the palindrome leave......

Answer

Sticky ends
Blunt ends

Question 11

Question

What enzyme could be considered the opposite to a restriction enzyme?

Answer

RNA polymerase
DNA ligase
DNA polymerase

Question 12

Question

How do restriction enzymes cut DNA?

Answer

They hydrolyse the phosphdiester backbone
They perform a condensation reaction on the phosphodiester backbone
They hydrolyse the hydrogen bonds between DNA bases

Question 13

Question

What type of bonds does DNA ligase form in DNA?

Answer

Phosphodiester bonds
Hydrogen bonds
Peptide bonds
Triple carbon bonds

Question 14

Question

What is the main piece of equipment required for gel electrophoresis?

Answer

Agrose gel plate
Test tube
Restriction enzyme
DNA primers
Free nucleotides

Question 15

Question

What is gel electrophoresis used for?

Answer

To determine the size of DNA fragments
To map out plasmids
To replicate large amounts of DNA

Question 16

Question

Are DNA fragments positively or negatively charged?

Answer

Positively
Negatively

Question 17

Question

Which end of the agrose gel plate will the DNA samples move towards?

Answer

The positive end
The negative end

Question 18

Question

Which fragments will move further during gel electrophoresis?

Answer

Smaller ones
Larger ones

Question 19

Question

What are restriction maps used for?

Answer

To map out plasmids
To determine the size of fragments of DNA
To replicate large amounts of DNA
To discover new restriction enzymes
To isolate restriction enzymes for later use

Question 20

Question

If a restriction enzyme cuts a plasmid in one place only, how many fragments of the plasmid will there be in total?

Answer

One
Two
Three
Not enough information

Question 21

Question

If a restriction enzyme cuts a plasmid in two places only, how many plasmid fragments will there be?

Answer

One
Two
Three
Not enough information

Question 22

Question

What is Polyermerase Chain Reaction (PCR) used for?

Answer

Replicating known sequences of DNA
Replicating unknown sequences of DNA
Mapping out DNA sequence on a plasmid
Cutting DNA at a particular sequence

Question 23

Question

What is missing from this list of what is required to complete PCR? Template, 2 primers, free nucleotides, buffer.

Answer

DNA polymerase
RNA polymerase
More primers
DNA ligase

Question 24

Question

What are the three stages of PCR?

Answer

Denaturation
Annealing
Extension
Replication
Repetition

Question 25

Question

What temperature should denauration take place at in PCR?

Answer

95 degrees
50-65 degrees
72 degrees

Question 26

Question

At what temperature should the annealing stage of PCR take place at?

Answer

95 degrees
50-65 degrees
72 degrees

Question 27

Question

At what temperature should the extension stage of PCR taken place at?

Answer

90 degrees
50-65 degrees
72 degrees

Question 28

Question

If there were four strands of DNA in the PCR before one cycle, how many would there be after the cycle has completed?

Answer

Four
Eight
Sixteen

Question 29

Question

What is the purpose of the denaturation stage of PCR?

Answer

To separate the strands of DNA
To damage the DNA so that it cannot replicate as it would do in the cell
To heat the DNA until it is no longer able to code for specific proteins

Question 30

Question

What enzyme extends the DNA strand during the extension phase of PCR?

Answer

DNA polymerase
RNA polymerase
DNA ligase

Question 31

Question

When would you use cloning instead of PCR to replicate DNA?

Answer

When there are more than 1000 base pairs in the sequence
When the base sequence is unknown
When the base sequence in known
When the base sequence contains too many repetitions

Question 32

Question

Why is E. coli often used in the cloning process?

Answer

Because it grows rapidly in cheap material
Because it is the easiest bacteria to make safe for human use
Because it is easy to extract the DNA from
Because it is easy to re-insert the plasmid into
Because it is a very common bacteria
Because it has no cell membranes

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Molecular Biology Techniques

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Question 5

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Question 7

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Question 9

Question 10

Question 11

Question 12

Question 13

Question 14

Question 15

Question 16

Question 17

Question 18

Question 19

Question 20

Question 21

Question 22

Question 23

Question 24

Question 25

Question 26

Question 27

Question 28

Question 29

Question 30

Question 31

Question 32

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	Created by MPusey almost 10 years ago