Question 1
Question
Two or more people who share a common definition and evaluation of themselves and behave in accordance with such a definition.
Answer
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Group (p. 276)
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Entitativity (p. 276)
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Common bond (p. 277)
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Aggregates (p. 277)
Question 2
Question
Dynamic relationship between the group and its members that describes the passage of members through a group in terms of commitment and of changing roles.
Question 3
Question
What are the three basic processes of group socialisation?
Question 4
Question
Tuckman’s Five-Stage Developmental Sequence.
Answer
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Forming
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Storming
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Norming
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Conforming
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Performing
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Adjourning
Question 5
Question
Division of a group into different roles that often differ with respect to status and prestige.
Answer
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Group structure (p. 304)
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Expectation status theory (p. 307)
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Group socialisation (p. 296)
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Social attraction (p. 295)
Question 6
Question
Features of group structures.
Question 7
Question
The property of a group that affectively binds people, as group members, to one another and to the group as a whole, giving the group a sense of solidarity and oneness.
Question 8
Question
Attitudinal and behavioural uniformities that define group membership and differentiate between groups.
Question 9
Question
An improvement in the performance of well-learned/ easy tasks and a deterioration in the performance of poorly learned/ difficult tasks in the mere presence of members of the same species.
Question 10
Question
Arousal that motivates performance of habitual behaviour patterns.
Answer
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Drive theory (p. 279)
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Evaluation apprehension model (p. 281)
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Distraction-conflict theory (p. 282)
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Social facilitation (p. 279)
Question 11
Question
Drive because people have learned to be apprehensive about being evaluated.
Answer
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Evaluation apprehension model (p. 282)
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Drive theory (p. 279)
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Distraction-conflict theory (p. 284)
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Social facilitation (p. 279)
Question 12
Question
Drive because people are distracting and produce conflict between attending to the task and to the audience.
Answer
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Distraction-conflict theory (p. 282)
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Drive theory (p. 279)
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Social facilitation (p. 279)
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Evaluation apprehension model (p. 281)
Question 13
Question
A reduction in individual effort when working on a collective task (one in which our outputs are pooled with those of other group members) compared with working either alone or co-actively (our outputs are not pooled).
Answer
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Social loafing (p. 288)
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Free-rider effect (p. 289)
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Social compensation (p. 291)
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Matching to standard (p. 290)
Question 14
Question
Gaining the benefits of group membership by avoiding costly obligations of membership and by allowing other members to incur those costs.
Question 15
Question
Increase effort on a collective task to compensate for other group members’ actual, perceived or anticipated lack of effort or ability.
Answer
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Social compensation (p. 291)
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Social loafing (p. 288)
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Evaluation apprehension (p. 290)
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Free-rider effect (p. 289)
Question 16
Question
Getting group members to achieve the group’s goals.
Question 17
Question
Leaders who use a style based on giving orders to followers.
Answer
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Autocratic leaders
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Democratic leaders
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Laissez-faire leaders
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Friendly leaders
Question 18
Question
Leaders who use a style based on consultation and obtaining agreement and consent from followers.
Answer
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Democratic leaders
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Autocratic leaders
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Laissez-faire leaders
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Distinguished leaders
Question 19
Question
Leaders who use a style based on disinterest in followers.
Answer
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Laissez-faire leaders
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Democratic leaders
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Autocratic leaders
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Reliable leaders
Question 20
Question
Explicit or implicit decision-making rules that relate individual opinions to a final group decision.
Answer
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Social decision making (p. 347)
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Situational control (p. 331)
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Normative decision theory (p. 333)
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Social transition scheme (p. 348)
Question 21
Question
Types of group decision making.
Answer
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Unanimity
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Majority wins
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Truth wins
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Two-thirds win
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First shift
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Overrule
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Dictatorship
Question 22
Question
Uninhabited generation of as many ideas as possible in a group, in order to enhance group creativity.
Question 23
Question
A mode of thinking in highly cohesive group in which the desire to reach unanimous agreement overrides the motivation to adopt proper rational decision-making procedures.
Question 24
Question
Tendency for group discussion to produce more extreme group decisions than the mean of members’ pre-discussion opinions, in the direction favoured by the mean.
Question 25
Question
All group members need to agree on decisions.
Question 26
Question
Majority percentage of group agrees on a consensus.
Question 27
Question
Discussion about solution that can be demonstrated to be correct.
Question 28
Question
The group ultimately adopts a decision in line with the direction of the first idea in opinion shown by any member of the group.