Question 1
Question
Urge to form connections and make contact with other people.
Question 2
Question
Lack of physical touch, care and intermediate interaction. Lead to cognitive and social deficits.
Answer
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Social deprivation
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Social isolation
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Social comparison
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Attachment styles
Question 3
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Lead to a reduction in psychological wellbeing – depression, apathy and distortions in reality/ hallucinations.
Answer
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Social isolation
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Social comparison
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Social deprivation
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Physical attractiveness
Question 4
Question
How other people help to reduce anxiety, act as a guidance on how to think and behave.
Answer
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Social comparison
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Social isolation
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Social deprivation
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Attachment behaviour
Question 5
Question
The tendency of an infant to maintain close physical proximity with the mother or primary cate-giver.
Question 6
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Attachment styles that are observable during infancy and adulthood.
Answer
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Secure
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Avoidant
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Anxious
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Depressed
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Non-compliant
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Accessible
Question 7
Question
Attachment style where the individual displays trust in others, find it easy to form relationships.
Answer
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Secure
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Avoidant
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Anxious
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Disorganised
Question 8
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Attachment style where the individual finds it difficult to trust others, depend on them, feel nervous when anyone gets close.
Answer
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Avoidant
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Secure
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Anxious
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Disorganised
Question 9
Question
Attachment style where the individual is concerned that others won’t reciprocate your desire for intimacy
Answer
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Anxious
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Secure
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Avoidant
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Disorganised
Question 10
Question
When we are attracted to someone we want to get to know that person and spend time with that person.
Question 11
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Attractive people are different from those who are unattractive in how they are judged, how they are treated and how they behave.
Question 12
Question
Physical distance of one person to another.
Answer
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Proximity (p. 560)
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Familiarity (p. 561)
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Similarity (p. 563)
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Accessible (p. 561)
Question 13
Question
Immediacy of another person which requires little effort and rewards have little cost.
Question 14
Question
Leads to feelings of comfort and increased liking.
Answer
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Familiarity (p. 561)
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Physical attractiveness
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Similarity (p. 563)
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Attachment behaviour
Question 15
Question
Repeated exposure to an object results in greater attraction to that object.
Answer
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Mere exposure effect (p. 561)
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Accessible (p. 561)
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Assortative mating (p. 563)
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Attractive People (p. 556-557)
Question 16
Question
One of the most important positive, psychological determinants of attraction.
Question 17
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A non-random coupling of individuals based on their resemblance to each other on one or more characteristics.
Question 18
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According to Heider, people prefer attitudes that are consistent with each other over those that are inconsistent. A person (P) tries to maintain consistency in attitudes to, and relationships with, other people (O) and elements of the environment (X).
Question 19
Question
Model of attraction which postulates that we like people who are around when we experience a positive feeling.
Question 20
Question
People often use a form of everyday economics when they weigh up costs and rewards before deciding what to do.
Answer
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Social exchange (p. 570)
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Minimax strategy (p. 571)
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Cost-reward ratio (p. 571)
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Comparison level (p. 571)
Question 21
Question
Varaibles contributing towards the social exchange model.
Answer
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Cost-reward ratio
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Minimax strategy
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Profit
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Comparison level
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Maximise strategy
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Cost-loss ratio
Question 22
Question
Tenet of social exchange theory, according to which liking for another is determined by calculating what it will cost to be reinforced by that person.
Question 23
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In relating to others, we try to minimise the costs and maximise the rewards that accrue.
Question 24
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This flows from a relationship when the rewards that accrue from continued interaction exceed the costs.
Question 25
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A standard that develops over time, allowing us to judge whether a new relationship is profitable or not.
Answer
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Comparison level (p. 571)
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Minimax strategy (p. 571)
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Profit (p. 571)
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Cost-reward ratio (p. 571)
Question 26
Question
A special case of social exchange theory that defines a relationship as equitable when the ratio of inputs to outcomes are seen to be the same by both partners.
Question 27
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The fairness of the outcome of a decision.
Answer
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Distributive justice (p. 573)
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Procedural justice (p. 573)
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Comparison level (p. 571)
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Reinforcement affect model (p. 568)
Question 28
Question
The fairness of the procedures used to make a decision.
Answer
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Procedural justice (p. 573)
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Distributive justice (p. 573)
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Balance theory (p. 157)
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Reinforcement affect model (p. 568)
Question 29
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A combination of emotions, thoughts and actions which are often powerful, and usually associated with intimate relationships.
Question 30
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The caring and affection for another person that usually arises from sharing time together.
Question 31
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State of intense absorption in another person involving physiological arousal.
Question 32
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Sternberg argues that this is the ultimate form of love, involving passion, intimacy and commitment.
Question 33
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People who know and care about us and who can provide back-up during a time of stress.
Question 34
Question
What contributes towards maintaining relationships?
Question 35
Question
Four factors that indicate relationship breakdown
Answer
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A new life seems to be the only solution
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Alternative partners are available
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An expectation that the relationship will fail
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Lack of commitment to a continuing relationship
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Unable to agree on the colour of a towel for the bathroom
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A driver just cut you off
Question 36
Question
The passive stance that leads to a relationship breakdown.
Answer
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Loyalty (p. 590)
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Neglect (p. 590)
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Voice behaviour (p. 590)
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Exit behaviour (p. 590)
Question 37
Question
The active stance that leads to a relationship breakdown.
Answer
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Loyalty (p. 590)
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Neglect (p. 590)
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Voice behaviour (p. 590)
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Exit behaviour (p. 590)
Question 38
Question
Duck’s proposal of the sequence through which most long-term relationships proceed if they finally break down.
Answer
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Relationship dissolution model (p. 591)
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Ideal standards model (p. 590)
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Huston’s (2009) longitudinal study (p. 588)
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Social support networks (p. 587)
Question 39
Question
Focusses on partner’s behaviour, assessing relationship viability.
Question 40
Question
Face confrontation or avoidance, relationship negotiation talks, assess costs of withdrawal.
Question 41
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Relationship is near to end, thus social support and recommendations are sought out.
Question 42
Question
Getting over the relationship, retrospection, and distributing own version of breakup publicly.