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Biochemistry undergrad quiz (still making)

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Biochemistry Quiz on Biochemistry undergrad quiz (still making), created by Lily O on 14/12/2019.
Lily O
Quiz by Lily O, updated more than 1 year ago
Lily O
Created by Lily O about 5 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
Viruses contain either DNA OR RNA
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 2

Question
A virus that is composed not of DNA but of RNA is called a [blank_start]retrovirus[blank_end]
Answer
  • retrovirus

Question 3

Question
Viroids are infectious agents without protein
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 4

Question
Prions –are infectious agents with both DNA and RNA
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 5

Question
Adenine and guanine are
Answer
  • pyrimidines
  • purines

Question 6

Question
A nucleoside is formed when a base is linked to the WHAT carbon of a deoxyribose (or ribose) molecule
Answer
  • 1'
  • 2'
  • 3'
  • 4'

Question 7

Question
dCMP and dAMP are examples of [blank_start]nucleotides[blank_end]
Answer
  • nucleotides
  • nucleosides
  • proteins
  • nucleic acid

Question 8

Question
In DNA and RNA, nucleotides are linked by phosphodiester bonds between the [blank_start]5′[blank_end] and 3′ carbons
Answer
  • 2'
  • 3'
  • 4'
  • 5'

Question 9

Question
In all prokaryotes and eukaryotes DNA is double-stranded
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 10

Question
Guanine and Cytosine form a base-pair held together by [blank_start]3[blank_end] hydrogen bonds. Adenine and Thymine form a base-pair held together by [blank_start]2[blank_end] hydrogen bonds.
Answer
  • 3
  • 2

Question 11

Question
Most or all cellular DNA is A-DNA
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 12

Question
Z-DNA is left handed and A-DNA is right handed
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 13

Question
Underwinding generates [blank_start]negative[blank_end] supercoils Overwinding generates [blank_start]positive[blank_end] supercoils
Answer
  • negative
  • positive

Question 14

Question
Single stranded DNA absorbs more UV than double stranded DNA
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 15

Question
UV absorbance rises as DNA denatures is known as the [blank_start]hyperchromic shift[blank_end]
Answer
  • hyperchromic shift

Question 16

Question
Tm (The temperature needed to denature 50% of the DNA molecules in a sample) is increased in DNA with high content of AT base-pairs
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 17

Question
What are three key structural differences between DNA and RNA?
Answer
  • RNA has ribose instead of deoxyribose.
  • RNA has deoxyribose instead of ribose
  • RNA contains adenine, cytosine and guanine (like DNA) but has Uracil (U) instead of thymine.
  • RNA contains adenine, cytosine and guanine (like DNA) but has thymine (T) instead of uracil
  • RNA is usually double stranded
  • RNA is usually single stranded

Question 18

Question
Plasmids carry non-essential genes, e.g. for antibiotic resistance
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 19

Question
Bacterial genomes usually consist of a single, linear chromosome made of double-stranded DNA
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 20

Question
Label this image
Image:
Euchromatin And Heterochromatin (binary/octet-stream)
Answer
  • Heterochromatin
  • Euchromatin

Question 21

Question
(Length of DNA/ Length of structure DNA packed into) is known as the [blank_start]packing ratio[blank_end]
Answer
  • packing ratio

Question 22

Question
By mass, the composition of a chromosome at mitosis is approximately
Answer
  • 1/2 DNA and 1/2 histone proteins
  • 1/3 DNA and 2/3 histone proteins
  • 1/3 DNA, 1/3 histone proteins and 1/3 non histone proteins
  • 1/2 DNA. 1/4 histone proteins and 1/4 non histone proteins

Question 23

Question
20% of amino acids are arginine or lysine
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 24

Question
[blank_start]Condensin[blank_end] is a ring-shaped protein that can anchor the ends of a loop of DNA
Answer
  • Condensin

Question 25

Question
[blank_start]topoisomerase II[blank_end] is an enzyme that can remove supercoils from DNA
Answer
  • topoisomerase II

Question 26

Question
Acetylation removes positive charge from side-chain and so [blank_start]weakens[blank_end] interaction between histones and negatively-charged DNA
Answer
  • strengthens
  • weakens

Question 27

Question
Eukaryotic chromosomes have 1 origin of replication
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 28

Question
In bacterial replication, replication begins at a single AT-rich origin and is bidirectional
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 29

Question
What enzyme carries out transcriptase?
Answer
  • Maltase
  • DNA transcriptase
  • RNA
  • RNA polymerase
  • DNA helicase

Question 30

Question
To synthesise RNA, RNA polymerases require:
Answer
  • A primer
  • A double stranded template DNA molecule that Includes a promoter sequence
  • All four nucleoside triphosphates

Question 31

Question
RNA polymerase binds to the promoter in the [blank_start]initiation[blank_end] stage
Answer
  • initiation

Question 32

Question
RNA polymerase dissociates from DNA releasing the new RNA molecule in the [blank_start]transcriptase[blank_end] stage
Answer
  • transcriptase

Question 33

Question
RNA polymerase moves along the DNA molecule synthesising an RNA copy in the [blank_start]elongation[blank_end] stage
Answer
  • elongation

Question 34

Question
A [blank_start]consensus[blank_end] sequence is a sequence of DNA having similar structure and function in different organisms.
Answer
  • consensus

Question 35

Question
The holoenzyme carries out elongation but not initiation
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 36

Question
Eukaryotic promoters differ from those in bacteria
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 37

Question
RNA polymerase [blank_start]I[blank_end] - synthesises rRNA RNA polymerase [blank_start]III[blank_end] - synthesises tRNA RNA polymerase [blank_start]II[blank_end] - synthesises mRNA
Answer
  • I
  • ll
  • lll
  • I
  • ll
  • lll
  • I
  • ll
  • lll

Question 38

Question
RNA polymerase II produces a 1° transcript (aka pre-mRNA) which is processed in the nucleus to form mRNA. The main processing reactions are
Answer
  • Initiation
  • RNA splicing
  • DNA splicing
  • Cleavage and polyadenylation
  • Capping
  • Druining

Question 39

Question
Promoters recognised by RNA polymerase II usually consists of a core promoter that may include a [blank_start]TATA[blank_end] box
Answer
  • TATA
  • TAAT
  • ATAT
  • ATTA

Question 40

Question
RNA polymerases and DNA polymerases share the same mechanism.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 41

Question
By mass, ribosomes have about a 1:2 ratio of rRNA to protein
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 42

Question
The size of ribosomes is measured in Svedbergs (S) - sedimentation rate during centrifugation.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 43

Question
The small subunit on a ribosome catalyses peptide bond formation, the large subunit binds the mRNA being translated
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 44

Question
mRNA is read from
Answer
  • 5' to 3'
  • 3' to 5'

Question 45

Question
The small (30S) ribosome subunit binds to the ribosome binding site on the mRNA in E.Coli
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 46

Question
There are several ribosome binding sites on mRNA in eukaryotes
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 47

Question
A sequence has [blank_start]three[blank_end] possible reading frames depending on where translation starts from
Answer
  • three
  • one
  • two
  • four

Question 48

Question
The region between an initiation codon (AUG) and a termination codon is an“open-reading frame”
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 49

Question
How do amino acids recognise codons? Adaptor molecules deliver amino acids to the appropriate codons. These adaptors are transfer RNAs
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 50

Question
How long are tRNAs?
Answer
  • Large: 220-293 nucleotides long
  • Small: 50-73 nucleotides long
  • Small: 73-90 nucleotides long
  • Large: 320-393 nucleotides long

Question 51

Question
All tRNAs have an anticodon
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 52

Question
All tRNAs have the sequence GCA at their 3' end.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 53

Question
the ability of some bases at 5' end of anticodon to pair with more than one base at 3' end of codon is known as the [blank_start]base wobble[blank_end]
Answer
  • base wobble

Question 54

Question
The enzymes that link tRNAs to amino acids are called
Answer
  • aminoakyl-tRNA synthetases.
  • aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases.
  • aminoacyl-rRNA synthetases.
  • aminoakyl-rRNA synthetases.

Question 55

Question
The classic example of inducible genes are the three genes required for utilisation of lactose by E. coli. These are:
Answer
  • Lac Z gene
  • Lac B gene
  • Lac A gene
  • Lac Y gene
  • Lac T gene

Question 56

Question
The [blank_start]operator[blank_end] is the binding site for lac repressor protein.
Answer
  • operator

Question 57

Question
The Lac [blank_start]i[blank_end] gene encodes the Lac repressor protein.
Answer
  • i

Question 58

Question
Transcription of the genes of the lac operon is repressed by the lac [blank_start]repressor[blank_end] protein
Answer
  • repressor

Question 59

Question
When lactose is absent, the lac repressor protein binds to the promoter
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 60

Question
When the lac repressor protein is bound to the operator, RNA polymerase can still bind to the promoter but cannot initiate transcription.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 61

Question
When lactose is present some is converted into an isomer called [blank_start]allolactose[blank_end].
Answer
  • allolactose

Question 62

Question
Allolactose binds to the lac repressor protein inducing a conformational change so that lac repressor cannot bind to operator.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 63

Question
Lactose breakdown is only necessary if glucose is not available. Therefore when both lactose and glucose are present in environment, lac operon genes only transcribed weakly. This effect is called [blank_start]Catabolite[blank_end] Repression
Answer
  • Catabolite

Question 64

Question
Removal of catabolite repression requires:
Answer
  • The Catabolite Activator Protein (CAP)
  • cAMP
  • ATP
  • Lac i gene

Question 65

Question
When glucose conc’ is high the cAMP conc’ is low
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 66

Question
[blank_start]Monosaccharides[blank_end] are colourless, crystalline solids, water soluble and most are sweet tasting.
Answer
  • Monosaccharides
  • Polysaccharides
  • Oligosaccharides

Question 67

Question
In general, a molecule with n chiral centres can have [blank_start]2[blank_end]n stereoisomers
Answer
  • 2
  • 1
  • 3
  • 4

Question 68

Question
[blank_start]Epimers[blank_end]: each of two isomers with different configurations of atoms about one of several asymmetric carbon atoms present
Answer
  • Epimers
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