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Microbiology Exam 2

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BY320 Exam 2 multiple choice questions
Erma
Quiz by Erma, updated more than 1 year ago
Erma
Created by Erma over 9 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
ALL eaukaryotes contain
Answer
  • mitochondria
  • hydrogenosomes
  • a membrane-enclosed nucleus
  • all of the above

Question 2

Question
The endoplasmic reticulum is
Answer
  • continuous with the Golgi apparatus
  • located around the nuclear membrane but is not in actual contact with it.
  • a network of membranes continuous with the nuclear membrane.
  • all of the above.

Question 3

Question
The Golgi apparatus functions to
Answer
  • modify and secrete proteins to the external environment
  • sort proteins used within the cell
  • synthesize protiens
  • both modify and sort proteins into those destined for secretion and those that function in membrane structures

Question 4

Question
The foraminifera
Answer
  • are a major component of the White Cliffs of Dover
  • have shells known as tests
  • inhabit coastal marine environments
  • are all of the above

Question 5

Question
Which statement BEST describes the habitats of the fungi?
Answer
  • Most terrestrial fungi are animal parasites
  • Most fungi are aquatic, primarily marine aquatic
  • Most fungi are terrestrial and inhabit soil or dead plant matter
  • Most fungi are aquatic, primarily freshwater aquatic

Question 6

Question
Diatoms are
Answer
  • more closely related to slime molds than to algae
  • a type of fungus
  • morphologically symmetric
  • all of the above

Question 7

Question
Which algae are MOST closely related to plants?
Answer
  • euglenoids
  • red algae
  • brown algae
  • green algae

Question 8

Question
Where within a eukaryotic cell is ribosomal RNA (rRNA) synthesized?
Answer
  • lysosome
  • cytoplasm
  • mitochondrion
  • nucleolus

Question 9

Question
What phenomenon accounts for the appearance of chloroplasts in some unicellular phototrophic eukaryotes?
Answer
  • endosymbiosis
  • sequencing of chloroplasts' SSU genes
  • secondary endosymbiosis
  • none of the above

Question 10

Question
The membrane-enclosed compartments that contain digestive enzymes in eukaryotic cells are called
Answer
  • mitosomes
  • lysosomes
  • stromas
  • cristae

Question 11

Question
Which microbial group is responsible for massive amphibian die-offs worldwide?
Answer
  • chytrids
  • zygomycetes
  • ciliates
  • cercozoans

Question 12

Question
Which of the following is NOT a member of the Eukarya?
Answer
  • protists
  • red algae
  • fungi
  • viruses

Question 13

Question
The amoebozoa use what structure for movement and feeding?
Answer
  • cilia
  • threadlike pseudopodia
  • lobe-shaped pseudopodia
  • flagella

Question 14

Question
Agents that kill bacteria are said to be
Answer
  • bacteriostatic
  • bacteriocidal
  • inhibitory
  • all of the above

Question 15

Question
The complete elimination of all microorganisms include viruses is called
Answer
  • disinfection
  • decontamination
  • sterilization
  • any of the above

Question 16

Question
The process by which macromolecules lose their structure and ability to function is called
Answer
  • thermal death
  • denaturation
  • sterilization
  • none of the above

Question 17

Question
UV radiation is antimicrobial, because
Answer
  • radiation generates magnetic poles that denature the cellular components
  • radiation generates significant amounts of heat within the given cell
  • energy present causes modifications or breaks in the DNA molecules
  • all of the above are true

Question 18

Question
Ergosterol inhibitors specifically target
Answer
  • viruses
  • fungi
  • bacteria
  • eukaryotes

Question 19

Question
A ________ filter is most often used to filter sterilize liquids.
Answer
  • microbistat
  • nucleation track
  • depth
  • membrane

Question 20

Question
The action of some bacteriolytic chemical agents can be observed by noting a(n)
Answer
  • decrease in turbidity of the medium
  • change in the color of the medium
  • increase in the turbidity of the medium
  • change in the surface tension of the medium

Question 21

Question
In the agar diffusion method of studying antimicrobial action, the _______ is measured.
Answer
  • turbidity of the medium
  • diameter of the zone of inhibition
  • distance between the microbial colonies
  • diameter of the individual microbial colonies

Question 22

Question
Polyoxins interfere with
Answer
  • chitin biosynthesis
  • fungal mitosis
  • cell membrane synthesis
  • all of the above

Question 23

Question
Of all known antibiotics that have been identified in nature, _________ are clinically useful.
Answer
  • 8-10%
  • <1%
  • 25-30%
  • 18-20%

Question 24

Question
Semisynthetic antibiotics
Answer
  • are natural antibiotics that have been purified by artificial means
  • have an artificially constructed core that stimulates the production of "natural products"
  • are natural antibiotics that have been chemically modified in the laboratory
  • are found in nature, but their rate of production is enhanced in the laboratory

Question 25

Question
Important targets of antibiotics in Bacteria are
Answer
  • DNA replication and transcription elements
  • the cytoplasmic membrane
  • the cell wall
  • all of the above

Question 26

Question
At present, the penicillins and the cephalosporins account for ___________ of all the antibiotics produced and used worldwide.
Answer
  • less than 10%
  • well over 70%
  • over 50%
  • about 25%

Question 27

Question
The B-lactam antibiotics
Answer
  • inhibit cell wall synthesis
  • inhibit protein synthesis
  • inhibit plasma membrane synthesis
  • prevent chromosomal replication

Question 28

Question
The absorption of _________ by chlorophylls begins the process of _________.
Answer
  • ATP / autotrophy
  • light energy / photosynthetic energy conservation
  • light quanta / autotrophy
  • ATP / photosynthetic energy conversion

Question 29

Question
In photosynthesis NADH and NADPH are produced from NAD+ and NADP+ by
Answer
  • oxidation reactions
  • reduction reactions
  • both oxidation and reduction reactions
  • neither oxidation nor reduction reactions

Question 30

Question
During oxygenic photosynthesis,
Answer
  • oxygen is produced
  • oxygen functions as a catalyst
  • oxygen is consumed
  • none of the above

Question 31

Question
Which statement is TRUE?
Answer
  • The cytochromes contain iron atoms; chlorophyll contains a magnesium atom at the center of the porphyrin ring
  • The cytochromes contain magnesium atoms; chlorophyll contains an iron atom at the center of the porphyrin ring
  • Both the cytochromes and chlorophyll contain an iron atom but not magnesium atom
  • Both the cytochromes and chlorophyll contain magnesium atom but not iron atom

Question 32

Question
Carotenoids
Answer
  • are involved in the capture of light energy
  • function primarily as photoprotective agents
  • are hydrophobic pigments that are present in photosynthetic membranes
  • do all of the above

Question 33

Question
The process by which electrons from the quinone pool are forced against the thermodynamic gradient to reduce NAD+ to NADH is called reverse
Answer
  • electron flow (reverse electron transport)
  • reduction
  • proton motive force
  • energy flow

Question 34

Question
The Calvin cycle
Answer
  • requires both ribulose biphosphate carboxylase and phosphoribulokinase
  • is responsible for the fixation of CO2 into cell material
  • utilizes both NAD(P)H and ATP
  • does all of the above

Question 35

Question
The Calvin cycle
Answer
  • requires both ribulose biphosphate carboxylase and phosphoribulokinase
  • is responsible for the fixation of CO2 into cell material
  • utilizes both NAD(P)H and ATP
  • does all of the above

Question 36

Question
The Calvin cycle
Answer
  • requires both ribulose biphosphate carboxylase and phosphoribulokinase
  • is responsible for the fixation of CO2 into cell material
  • utilizes both NAD(P)H and ATP
  • does all of the above

Question 37

Question
The rapid and simplistic method of assaying for nitrogenase activity uses
Answer
  • one of several techniques, all of which require oxygen to be absent in the assay
  • growth tests that add different nitrogen sources into media
  • the acetylene reduction assay that exploits the nonspecificity of nitrogenase
  • mass spectrometry to observe 15N assimilation

Question 38

Question
In most caes, the final product of sulfur oxidation is
Answer
  • elemental sulfur
  • sulfate
  • hydrogen sulfide
  • thiosulfate

Question 39

Question
Ferrous iron oxidation generally occurs in environments with
Answer
  • alkaline condition
  • little or no light present
  • high oxygen content
  • high H+ concentrations

Question 40

Question
The reduction of N2(g) for use as a source of nitrogen for biosynthetic needs is called nitrogen
Answer
  • assimilation
  • reduction
  • oxidation
  • fixation

Question 41

Question
The only organisms that perform photosynthesis are ones that produce some form of
Answer
  • carotenoids
  • phycocyanin
  • chlorophyll or bacteriochlorophyll
  • phycoerythrin

Question 42

Question
What compound do most chemolithotrophs use as a source of carbon?
Answer
  • carbon dioxide
  • organic sources other than glucose
  • inorganic compounds
  • glucuse

Question 43

Question
Most protists are motile.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 44

Question
The biochemical reactions in the hydrogenosome are focuses on pyruvate oxidation.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 45

Question
Because H2 levels in oxic environments are transient, it is likely that aerobic hydrogen bacteria shift between chemoorganotrophy and chemolithotrophy depending on levels of organic compounds and hydrogen in their habitats.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 46

Question
The earliest diverging lineage of fungi are the
Answer
  • chytridiomycetes
  • ascomycetes
  • glomeromycetes
  • zygomycetes

Question 47

Question
Peroxisomes
Answer
  • originate in the cell by incorporating proteins and lipids from cytoplasm
  • divide in synchrony with the cell
  • become membrane enclosed
  • do all of the above

Question 48

Question
Which statement is TRUE? Fungal cell walls
Answer
  • resemble plant cell walls chemically but not structurally
  • resemble plant cell walls structurally but not chemically
  • resemble plant cell walls both chemically and structurally
  • do not resemble plant cell walls either chemically or structurally

Question 49

Question
Neuraminidase inhibitors such as oseltamivir and zanamivir are used to treat which type of infection?
Answer
  • fungal
  • bacterial
  • influenza virus
  • parasitic

Question 50

Question
Antimicrobial drugs are often grouped according to
Answer
  • molecular structure
  • mechanism of action
  • spectrum of antimicrobial activity
  • all of the above

Question 51

Question
The vegetative cells of Mycobacterium tuberculosis are resistant to many germicides because of
Answer
  • the waxy nature of the cell wall
  • an extra membranous layer between the cell wall and the plasma membrane
  • the complex nature of the plasma membrane itself
  • the lattice work found in the glycocalyx

Question 52

Question
The thermal death time is the
Answer
  • dose of radiation necessary for a tenfold reduction in the numbers of selected microorganisms or biological factors
  • time it takes to kill all cells at a given temperature
  • time required for a tenfold reduction in the population density at a given temperature
  • measure of the radiation energy output from a source

Question 53

Question
Cold sterilization is performed using
Answer
  • compounds such as ethylene oxide
  • high-pressure chambers
  • exceptionally low temperatures
  • dry ice

Question 54

Question
The time required for a tenfold reduction of the variability of a microbial population at a given temperature is called the ______ time.
Answer
  • temperature-dependent logarithmic death
  • decimal reduction
  • mean sterilization
  • thermal death

Question 55

Question
Whether an organism is classified as a photoheterotroph or a photoautotroph depends on its
Answer
  • oxygen requirements
  • carbon source
  • energy source
  • all of the above

Question 56

Question
Photosynthesis is most correctly defined as the
Answer
  • absorption of light energy to produce carbohydrates
  • conversion of light energy to chemical energy
  • conversion of carbohydrates into energy-yielding organic products
  • production of carbohydrates by a plant or plantlike organism

Question 57

Question
Oxygenic phototrophs use light to generate
Answer
  • NADPH
  • ATP
  • organic carbon
  • both ATP and NADPH

Question 58

Question
Due to the sensitivity of dinitrogenase reductase, nitrogen fixation is inhibited by
Answer
  • oxygen
  • carbon dioxide
  • hydrogen
  • ammonia

Question 59

Question
Difinitive proof of N2 fixation is obtained using
Answer
  • an isotope of nitrogen, 15N, as a tracer
  • spectrophotometry to measure the opacity of possible nitrogen-containing substances
  • electrophoresis to analyze the shifts in nitrogen content
  • gas chromatography to assay for nitrogen uptake

Question 60

Question
Plastocyanin is a
Answer
  • membrane-bound sac found in certain bacteria
  • blue-green bacterium known for its unusual photoreactive complex
  • copper-containing protein in photosystem II that donates electrons to photosystem I
  • photosynthetic pigment found in some bacteria

Question 61

Question
The path of electron flow in oxygenic phototrophs is referred to as the ______ scheme.
Answer
  • Q
  • S
  • Z
  • E

Question 62

Question
Decalcification of the tooth enamel due to production of high concentrations of organic acids in the mouth is known as
Answer
  • degenerative plaque
  • dental caries
  • microbial enamel decalcification
  • dental plaque

Question 63

Question
Pathogenicity is
Answer
  • the ability of the hose to inflict damage on the pathogen
  • the ability of the pathogen to inflict damage on the host
  • the ability of the host to resist damage by the pathogen
  • all of the above

Question 64

Question
Mucous membranes are frequently coated with a protective liquid called
Answer
  • mucus
  • epithelial fluid
  • membrane fluid
  • none of the above

Question 65

Question
Two organisms that both benefit from each other are in symbiotic relationship called
Answer
  • parasitism
  • ammensalism
  • mutualism
  • commensalism

Question 66

Question
A microbiome contains all
Answer
  • viable cells in a particular location
  • organisms present in and on the body
  • living organisms present on the skin
  • organisms within the digestive system

Question 67

Question
Compared with decontamination, disinfection is
Answer
  • less aggressive
  • equally aggressive
  • more aggressive
  • either more or less aggressive depending on the situation in question
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