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Biology Exam 4

Description

Looking at the functions of the body: bones, tissues, neurons, muscles, blood, respiratory, circulatory, and digestive systems, and hormones.
Heidi Sherwood
Quiz by Heidi Sherwood, updated more than 1 year ago
Heidi Sherwood
Created by Heidi Sherwood over 9 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
Most voluntary movement in a vertebrate body is accomplished by:
Answer
  • Muscles pulsing in waves of contraction to change the shape of the organism
  • Muscles pushing against bones to force them apart
  • Muscles pushing against tubes filled with fluid
  • Muscles pulling bones to bring them closer together

Question 2

Question
Which statement best reflects how contraction of a muscle fiber is accomplished?
Answer
  • Calcium causes the actin fibers to contract
  • Calcium causes the myosin fibers to contract
  • Calcium and ATP cause both actin and myosin fibers to contract
  • ATP powers a sliding of actin fibers past myosin

Question 3

Question
How does the smooth muscle of blood vessels, stomach and intestine differ from skeletal muscle?
Answer
  • Smooth muscle is involuntary, skeletal muscle is voluntary
  • Smooth muscle is voluntary, skeletal muscle is involuntary
  • Only smooth muscle is controlled by nerve impulses
  • Skeletal muscle does not use calcium

Question 4

Question
What sort of a signal causes a skeletal muscle to contract?
Answer
  • An adjacent nerve cell releases an electrical signal
  • An adjacent nerve cell releases calcium
  • An adjacent nerve cell releases a chemical neurotransmitter
  • An adjacent nerve cell releases ATP

Question 5

Question
How does the circulatory system of a human compare with that of an insect?
Answer
  • The human has a closed system, the insect is open
  • Both the human and the insect are closed
  • The human has an open system, the insect is closed

Question 6

Question
Which of the following systems does not exchange with the circulatory system in vertebrates?
Answer
  • Digestive system
  • Respiratory system
  • Excretory system
  • Cells and interstitial fluid
  • All of these exchange with the circulatory system

Question 7

Question
Blood from the left ventricle goes:
Answer
  • To the left atrium
  • To the pulmonary artery and the lung
  • To the right ventricle
  • To the aorta and the body
  • To the right atrium

Question 8

Question
The bulk of oxygen in the blood is carried
Answer
  • Bound to the hemoglobin in the red blood cells
  • Dissolved in the cytoplasm of the red blood cells
  • Dissolved in the plasma
  • Bound to the hemoglobin in the plasma

Question 9

Question
Compare the speed of liquid flow in capillaries and the aorta
Answer
  • Faster in capillaries because they are narrower
  • Slower in capillaries because they are narrower
  • Faster in capillaries because the total diameter of all the capillaries is greater than the diameter of the aorta
  • Slower in capillaries because the total diameter of all the capillaries is greater than the diameter of the aorta
  • The same because the total volume of blood is constant

Question 10

Question
During countercurrent exchange in fish gills, where blood first enters the gills:
Answer
  • Oxygen-rich blood encounters oxygen-poor water
  • Oxygen-rich blood encounters oxygen-rich water
  • Oxygen-poor blood encounters oxygen-poor water
  • Oxygen-poor blood encounters oxygen-rich water
  • Oxygen-poor and oxygen-rich blood mix together with oxygen-rich water

Question 11

Question
The air sacks of the lung where gas exchange takes place are called:
Answer
  • Lacteal
  • Villi
  • Cecum
  • Alveoli
  • Trachea

Question 12

Question
Essential amino acids are
Answer
  • Those that are present in all body proteins
  • Those that are the most abundant in the body
  • Those that the body synthesizes
  • Those the body uses most
  • Those the body can not synthesize

Question 13

Question
Given an equal serving weight
Answer
  • Carbohydrates have more calories than fats
  • Fats have more calories than carbohydrates
  • Fats and carbohydrates have the same calorie content

Question 14

Question
The digestion of starch begins
Answer
  • In the mouth
  • In the stomach
  • In the duodenum
  • In the small intestine
  • In the large intestine

Question 15

Question
The pH of the stomach is:
Answer
  • Highly acidic
  • Highly basic
  • Neutral (pH about 7)

Question 16

Question
How is glucose concentration in the blood regulated?
Answer
  • When the concentration is high, insulin causes glucose to be removed from the blood
  • When the concentration is low, insulin causes glucose to be removed from the blood
  • When the concentration is high, insulin causes glucose to be added to the blood
  • When the concentration is low, insulin causes glucose to be added to the blood

Question 17

Question
What mechanisms are not used in the production of urine by the mammalian kidney?
Answer
  • Pressure filtration
  • Reabsorption of water
  • Selective reabsorption of salts
  • All of these are used in the production of urine

Question 18

Question
In most circumstances, how does the solute (salts and urea) concentration of mammalian urine in the bladder compare with that of blood entering the kidney?
Answer
  • The solute concentration in the urine is higher
  • The solute concentration in the urine is lower
  • The solute concentration in the urine is about the same as in the blood

Question 19

Question
Which of the following pathways is the most common in the nervous system?
Answer
  • Sensory neuron --> motor neuron --> interneuron
  • Sensory neuron --> interneuron --> motor neuron
  • Motor neuron --> sensory neuron --> interneuron
  • Motor neuron --> interneuron --> sensory neuron
  • Interneuron --> sensory neuron --> motor neuron

Question 20

Question
What is the correct path for the flow of the signal in a single neuron?
Answer
  • Synaptic terminal (release neurotransmitter) --> dendrite --> axon
  • Axon --> synaptic terminal (release neurotransmitter) --> dendrive
  • Synaptic terminal (release neurotransmitter) --> axon --> dendrite
  • Dendrite --> synaptic terminal (release neurotransmitter) --> axon
  • Dendrite --> axon --> synaptic terminal (release neurotransmitter)

Question 21

Question
Nervous signals are carried along the axon by a wave of depolarization and between nerve cells by neurotransmitters
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 22

Question
Automatic functions like breathing and digestion are controlled by the
Answer
  • Medulla oblongata
  • Cerebral cortex
  • Cerebellum

Question 23

Question
Which of the following is NOT true concerning steroid hormones?
Answer
  • Testosterone and estrogen are examples
  • The receptors for them are within the target cell
  • They are composed of animo acids and the receptors are on the cell surface
  • THeir ultimate purpose is to activate transcription of specific genes
  • They are related to cholesterol in structure

Question 24

Question
Which (if any) of the following is not part of the human endocrine system?
Answer
  • Hypothalamus and pituitary
  • Adrenal glands
  • Ovaries (in females)
  • Testes (in males)
  • All of these are part of the human endocrine system

Question 25

Question
Bone is:
Answer
  • A living dynamic tissue that is being constantly remodeled
  • A dead, fully formed tissue that is being constantly remodeled
  • A dead, fully formed tissue that is not being remodeled
  • A living dynamic tissue that is not being remodeled

Question 26

Question
Nervous tissue is tissue that specializes in conducting signals
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 27

Question
Check all that are parts of the nervous tissue
Answer
  • Neurons (cells specialized for signal transduction)
  • Cartilage (firm but flexible connective tissue)
  • Gliel cells (support the neuron)
  • Myofilaments (composed of actin and myosin)

Question 28

Question
Myosin and actin are not proteins
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 29

Question
When talking about neurons, which is the order of the signals?
Answer
  • Electrical signal --> chemical signal --> electrical signal
  • Electrical signal --> electrical signal --> chemical signal
  • Chemical signal --> electrical signal --> electrical signal
  • Chemical signal --> electrical signal --> chemical signal

Question 30

Question
In the neuron, the axon receives the signal
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 31

Question
The sensory neurons:
Answer
  • Take the signals from the environment to the brain
  • Connect the sensory neurons to the motor neurons.
  • Take signals from the brain and propagate them toward the muscles.

Question 32

Question
Interneurons:
Answer
  • Take the signals from the environment to the brain
  • Connect the sensory neurons to the motor neurons.
  • Take signals from the brain and propagate them toward the muscles.

Question 33

Question
Motor neurons:
Answer
  • Take the signals from the environment to the brain
  • Connect the sensory neurons to the motor neurons
  • Take signals from the brain and propagate them toward the muscles

Question 34

Question
Smooth muscle
Answer
  • Is involuntary
  • Is voluntary

Question 35

Question
Check all that are apply to smooth muscles
Answer
  • Include blood vessels
  • Include the intestinal track
  • Include the stomach
  • Are in the heart
  • Are related to moving the bones in the body
  • Are involuntary
  • Are voluntary

Question 36

Question
There are three general functions of the circulatory system
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 37

Question
What is the cycle of blood?
Answer
  • Heart --> body --> heart --> lungs
  • heart--> body --> lungs --> heart

Question 38

Question
Arteries:
Answer
  • Direct the blood away from the heart
  • Direct the blood to the heart

Question 39

Question
Veins:
Answer
  • Direct the blood away from the heart
  • Direct the blood to the heart

Question 40

Question
The circulatory system transports nutrients, minerals, oxygen, and waste throughout the body
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 41

Question
Cells do not need O2 to produce ATP
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 42

Question
What is the principle function of red blood cells?
Answer
  • To carry oxygen
  • For defense
  • For clotting

Question 43

Question
What is the principle function of white blood cells?
Answer
  • To carry oxygen
  • For defense
  • For clotting

Question 44

Question
What is the principle function of platelets?
Answer
  • To carry oxygen
  • For defense
  • For clotting

Question 45

Question
Blood is composed of two things: cells and plasma
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 46

Question
Where does the major exchange of CO2 and O2 take place?
Answer
  • The respiratory system
  • The circulatory system
  • The digestive system

Question 47

Question
In the digestive system, where does the major absorption occur?
Answer
  • The small intestines
  • The large intestines
  • The stomach
  • The esophogas
  • None of these

Question 48

Question
The large intestine is the last step in the digestion process
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 49

Question
A hormone is a signaling molecule which elicits a psysiological response
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 50

Question
Hormones are not diverse
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 51

Question
When blood glucose levels are low, the pancreas releases
Answer
  • insulin
  • glucagon

Question 52

Question
Muscles:
Answer
  • work by pulling bones closer together and work in opposing pairs
  • work by pushing bones further apart and work in opposing pairs

Question 53

Question
In muscle contraction:
Answer
  • Myocin is at the center and actin is on the outskirts, and they slide past each other.
  • Actin is at the center and myocin is on the outskirts, and they slide past eacho ther.

Question 54

Question
Which would you expect to represent the greatest biomass in an ecosystem?
Answer
  • Producers
  • Primary consumers
  • Tertiary consumers
  • Equal in all 3 of these

Question 55

Question
Carbon cycles back and forth between living and nonliving forms by:
Answer
  • Photosynthesis only
  • Respiration only
  • Photosynthesis and respiration

Question 56

Question
Nitrogen can be acquired from atmospheric gas for biological processes by:
Answer
  • Only bacteria
  • Bacteria and plants
  • Bacteria and fungi
  • All living organisms

Question 57

Question
The greatest biodiversity can be expected to occur in:
Answer
  • Tropical rainforest
  • Savanna
  • Desert
  • Grasslands
  • Conifer

Question 58

Question
Which (if any) of the following does not influence climate?
Answer
  • Latitude
  • Elevation
  • Geography
  • Ocean currents
  • All of these can have an effect on climate

Question 59

Question
In freshwater ponds, seasonal temperature changes cause spring and fall overturns that redistribute nutrients.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 60

Question
A tundra-like region can be found:
Answer
  • Only at the poles
  • At the equator
  • Any arid region
  • Sub-polar and high altitude
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