Question 1
Question
What does nonverbal behavior communicate?
Answer
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Relational messages
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Status
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assimilation
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anxiety
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deception
Question 2
Question
what are the 6 nonverbal codes
Answer
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facial expressions
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proxemics
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semioticcs
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seperation
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eye contact
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gestures
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chronemics
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silence
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dialogue
Question 3
Question
define "semiotics"
Answer
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analysis of the nature of & relationship between signs. Study of signs & symbols of communication & their meanings. Study of meaning in tattoos, ads, clothing's, etc. multiple meanings usually take place.
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places that are defined by cultural practices- languages spoken, identities enacted, rituals performed, and often change with flux of people.
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contact vs. non contact cultures.
Question 4
Question
What are cultural identities & cultural spaces?
Answer
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home
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neighborhood
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regionalism
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land
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cars
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town
Question 5
Question
Define "Postmodern cultural space"
Answer
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places that are defined by cultural practices- languages spoken, identities enacted, rituals performed- and often change with flux of people.
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when individuals or groups neither retain their cultural heritage nor maintain positive contacts with the other cultural groups.
Question 6
Question
define "migrant"
Answer
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type of cultural adaption in which individuals maintain both their original culture & their daily interactions with other people
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an individual who leaves the primary cultural context that they were raised in & moves to a new cultural context for an extended time (short or long term) and can be voluntary or involuntary
Question 7
Question
What is a sojourner?
Question 8
Question
What is an immigrant?
Question 9
Question
Name the migrant-host relationships
Answer
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assimilation
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separation
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integration
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marginalization
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cultural hybridity
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culture shock
Question 10
Question
assimilation is a type of cultural adaptation in which an individual gives up his or her own cultural heritage and adopts the mainstream cultural identity
Question 11
Question
What is separation?
Answer
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a type of cultural adaptation in which an individual gives up his or her own cultural heritage and adopts the mainstream cultural identity
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a type of cultural adaptation in which an individual retains his or her own original culture while interacting minimally with other groups.
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type of cultural adaptation in which individuals maintain both their original culture & their daily interactions with other groups.
Question 12
Question
what is marginalization?
Answer
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when individuals or groups neither retain their cultural heritage nor maintain positive contacts with the other cultural groups.
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migrants & families who often combine the four different modes of relating to the host society depending on the issues.
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type of cultural adaptation in which individuals maintain both their original culture & their daily interactions with other groups.
Question 13
Question
what is integration?
Answer
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a type of cultural adaptation in which an individual gives up his or her own cultural heritage and adopts the mainstream cultural identity.
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a type of cultural adaptation in which an individual retains his or her original culture while interacting minimally with other groups.
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a type of cultural adaptation in which an individual maintains both their original culture & their daily interactions with other people.
Question 14
Question
What two components are apart of the transition model?
Answer
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Flight approach
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Fight approach
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Run approach
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Duck approach
Question 15
Question
The Flight approach is when an individual uses trial & error to coping with a new situation
Question 16
Question
The Flight approach is a strategy to cope with a new situation, being hesitant or withdrawn from the new environment.
Question 17
Answer
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a combination between flight approach and fight approach
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when you show off your muscles
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process of adaption through stress, adjustment & growth
Question 18
Question
The integrative model is the goal of effective intercultural communication through reducing of anxiety & seeking of information.
Question 19
Question
The integrative model is?
Answer
-
the process of adaption through stress, adjustment, and growth
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the process of adaption through age, gender, and preparation
Question 20
Question
What is the "U" curve
Question 21
Question
Three parts to the "U" curve
Answer
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excitement & adaption
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laughter & tears
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shock & disorientation
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gradual adaptation
Question 22
Question
define culture shock
Answer
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relatively short-term feeling of disorientation
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feeling like you need to go home
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experiencing a new country and hating it and judging everyone
Question 23
Question
What is the Anxiety & Uncertainty Management Model?
Answer
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the goal of effective intercultural communication that can be reached by reducing anxiety & seeking information
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the goal of finding others with shared interests and learning to speak their language and avoiding culture shock.
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the goal of preparation and expectations when going to a new country. Younger people have an easier time adapting than older people, however older people have an easier time coming home
Question 24
Question
what is "individual influences on adaptation?
Answer
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age, gender, preparation level and expectations when going to a new country. Younger people have an easier time adapting than older people, however older people have an easier time coming home
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process of lessening uncertainty in adapting to a new culture by seeking information
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state of being emotionally comfortable in a cultural context
Question 25
Question
What is Uncertainty Reduction?
Answer
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process of lessening uncertainty in adapting to a new culture by seeking information
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identity based on two or more cultural frames of reference.
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the process of being to anxious so you lessen your interactions
Question 26
Question
What are the two kinds of uncertainty?
Question 27
Question
Predictive uncertainty is a sense of uncertainty that stems from the inability to predict what someone will say or do
Question 28
Question
Explanatory uncertainty is in the process of cultural adaptation, uncertainty that stems from the inability to explain why people behave the way that they do.
Question 29
Question
What are the outcomes of adaptation?
Answer
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psychological health
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functional fitness
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intercultural identity
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ethnocentrism
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gender roles
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cultural values
Question 30
Question
Functional fitness is?
Question 31
Question
psychological health is?
Question 32
Question
what is intercultural identity?
Question 33
Question
What is the phenomenological model?
Answer
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research approach that seeks in depth explanations of human experiences. In three steps- taking things for granted, making sense of new patterns, and coming to understanding new information.
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some loss and some gain, through flight, fight, and flex
Question 34
Question
What are the 3 steps to the phenomenological model?
Answer
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taking things for granted?
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crying in a corner
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making sense of new patterns
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asking for forgiveness
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coming to an understanding of new information
Question 35
Question
what is liminality?
Question 36
Question
what is multicultural identity?
Question 37
Question
define "Folk Culture"
Question 38
Question
What are the 4 significant characteristics of popular culture?
Answer
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it is produced by cultural industries
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it differs from folk culture
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it is only found on the radio
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it is everywhere
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it fills a social function
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everywhere likes popular culture
Question 39
Question
What is Stuart Hall's encoding & decoding?
Answer
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encoding is the process of creating a message for others to understand.
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decoding is the process of interpreting a message.
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encoding is done on a computer
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decoding only happen when you interpret the right message
Question 40
Question
What is the notion of resisting?
Answer
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members of any culture have diverse reactions to popular images, and it is important to asses for communication, culture, context, and power. You must know the historical contexts, and have critical views on the "rewriting" of past injustices.
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You resist how new culture effects your life and you use popular images to asses culture and communication. You do not know historical contexts and you do not have a critical viewpoint.
Question 41
Question
Cultural imperialism is domination through the spread of cultural products
Question 42
Question
cultural imperialism is the domination through the spread of media
Question 43
Question
media imperialism is the domination or control through media.
Question 44
Question
What are the 6 intercultural relationship dialectics?
Question 45
Question
What are benefits of intercultural relationships?
Answer
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acquire specific & general cultural knowledge beyond our local communities
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breaking down & getting beyond stereotypes
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acquire new skills sets (cooking, language)
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get to have deeper conversations
Question 46
Question
What are challenges of intercultural relationships?
Answer
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you are being racist
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dealing with cultural differences
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tendency to stereotype
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you think you are better then them
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anxiety
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depression
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challenge to explain relationship to others
Question 47
Answer
-
chinese word for superficial
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chinese term for relational network. "relationships of social connection built on shared identities such as native place, kinship, or attending the same school"
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chinese terms for being involved with someone of a different culture that you met from school or work.
Question 48
Question
What are the layers of Lewin's Friendship Concentric Circle?
Answer
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outerboundary- superficial information
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middle circle- personal information
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inner circle- very personal, private information
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center- marriage and same culture
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outercircle- very basic information
Question 49
Question
define "cognitive consistency"
Answer
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having a logical connection between existing knowledge and a new stimulus
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having an attraction that is the same throughout a certain number of years
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individuals have similar traits to yours
Question 50
Question
what is the "similarity principle"
Question 51
Question
What is the proximity principle?
Question 52
Question
What are Romano's characteristics of challenges in international marriages?
Answer
-
cultural values
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eating and drinking habits
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sleeping habits
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attitudes regarding time usage
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language issues
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religion
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place of residence
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dealing with anxiety/ stress due to negotiating differences
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social stigma/opposition
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how to raise children
Question 53
Question
what are the 4 couple styles interaction to work out power balance in the intercultural relationship?
Answer
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submission style
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compromise style
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obliteration style
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consensus style
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conflict style
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opportunity style
Question 54
Question
what is the submission style ?
Answer
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each gives up parts of their cultural habits. this seems fair, but both parties must be okay with what they give up.
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the most common. one partner submits to the culture of the other- maybe different in public vs private
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attempt to erase individual culture to make "new" culture. "Home" to neither, and is not good for long term
Question 55
Question
Compromise style is when each gives up parts of their cultural habits, but it is only fair when both are okay with what they give up.
Question 56
Question
The consensus style is the most desirable and is a negotiation and both parties are happy with overall changes.
Question 57
Question
define "conflict"
Answer
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destructive and confrontational. both parties do not agree and there is no order.
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involving a perceived or real incompatibility of goals, values, expectations, processes, or outcomes between two or more interdependent individuals or groups
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values and expectations create havick and both parties leave feeling like they are now independent.
Question 58
Question
what are the 2 orientations of conflict?
Answer
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opportunity
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conflict as destructive
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values
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peace offered
Question 59
Question
steps of Opportunity conflict:
Answer
-
conflict is a normal useful process
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conflict is not okay
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all issues subject to change through negotiation
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direct confrontation & conciliation are valued
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direct confrontation & conciliation are not valued
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conflict is a necessary renegotiation of an implied contract- redistribution of opportunity, release of tensions, renewal of relationships
Question 60
Question
what the steps to conflict as destructive:
Answer
-
conflict is a destructive disturbance of the peace
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it is peaceful to have conflict
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social system should not be adjusted to meet the needs of members, rather members should adapt to est. values.
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confrontations leads to renewal
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confrontations are destructive & ineffective
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disputants should be disciplined
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helps with negotiations
Question 61
Question
5 types of conflict:
Answer
-
affective conflict
-
conflict of interest
-
conflict of peace
-
value conflict
-
cognitive conflict
-
goal conflict
-
destructive conflict
-
opportunity conflict
Question 62
Question
affective conflict is conflict that differs on ideologies on special issues
Question 63
Question
affective conflict is:
Answer
-
incompatible emotions/ feelings
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incongruent thought processes or perceptions
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incompatible preference for course of action or plan to pursue
Question 64
Question
conflict of interest conflict:
Answer
-
incompatible preference for course of action or plan to pursue.
-
differ on ideologies on specific issues
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disagree on preferred outcome or end state
Question 65
Question
goal conflict is a disagreement on preferred outcome or state
Question 66
Question
cognitive conflict is incongruent thought processes or perceptions
Question 67
Question
4 styles to approach conflict:
Question 68
Question
what is the direct approach?
Answer
-
a view that the best way to deal with conflict is to use precise & specific language
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a view that the best way to deal with a conflict is to use vague & non-specific language
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a view that the best way to deal with conflict is by overt displays of feelings
Question 69
Question
what is restraint approach?
Answer
-
a view that the best way to deal with conflict is by hiding or suppressing feelings & emotions
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a view that the best way to deal with conflict is to use precise & specific language
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a view that the best way to deal with conflict is by overt displays of feelings
Question 70
Question
Indirect approach is by using overt displays of feelings
Question 71
Question
4 styles to combining the approaches of conflict:
Answer
-
discussion style
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engagement style
-
value style
-
opportunity style
-
liminality style
-
accommodating style
-
dynamic style
Question 72
Question
what is the discussion style?
Answer
-
combines direct & emotional expressive approaches
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combines the indirect & emotional restrained approaches
-
combines direct & emotional restrained approaches
Question 73
Question
what is the engagement style?
Answer
-
combine the direct & emotional restrained approaches
-
combine direct & emotional expressive approaches
-
combines the indirect & emotional restrained approaches
Question 74
Question
what is the accommodating style?
Answer
-
combines the indirect & emotional expressive approach
-
combines direct & emotional restrained approach
-
combines the indirect & emotional restrained approach
Question 75
Question
what is the dynamic style?
Answer
-
combines the indirect & emotional expressive approach
-
combines the direct & emotional expressive approach
-
combines the indirect & emotional restrained approach
Question 76
Question
7 suggestions for managing intercultural conflict:
Answer
-
stay centered, do not polarize
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maintain contact
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identify your preferred style
-
immediately shut down
-
be willing to forgive
-
do not be open for change
Question 77
Question
define "facework"
Answer
-
the most important dimension of intercultural communication competence
-
communication strategies used to "save" our own or someone else's "face" or public image
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to ease in with an individual on how to cope with situations in which a great deal is unknown
Question 78
Question
4 individual components of intercultural communication competence:
Answer
-
motivation
-
knowledge
-
liminality
-
attitudes
-
peace
-
behaviors & skills
Question 79
Question
what is motivation?
Answer
-
perhaps the most important dimension of intercultural communication competence. the desire to make a commitment in relationships, to learn about the self & others, and to remain flexible.
-
as an individual component of intercultural communication competence, the quality of knowing about oneself (that is, one's strengths & weaknesses) other, & various aspects of communication.
-
tolerance of ambiguity, empathy, and nonjudgementalism.
Question 80
Question
what is knowledge?
Answer
-
perhaps the most important dimension of intercultural communication competence. the desire to make a commitment in relationships, to learn about the self & others, and to remain flexible.
-
tolerance for ambiguity, empath, nonjudgementalism
-
as an individual component of intercultural communication competence, the quality of knowing about oneself (that is, one's strengths & weaknesses) others, & various aspects of communication
Question 81
Question
3 parts to knowledge:
Answer
-
self-knowledge
-
other-knowledge
-
linguistic-knowledge
-
value-knowledge
-
facework-knowledge
Question 82
Question
what is the "platinum rule"
Question 83
Question
4 levels of intercultural competence:
Answer
-
interaction competence
-
unconscious incompetence
-
conscious incompetence
-
contextual competence
-
conscious competence
-
unconscious competence
Question 84
Question
Unconscious Competence is when one communicates without adapting their communication style & not thinking about why it may not be effective
Question 85
Question
Conscious incompetence is communication that goes smoothly but not a conscious process; analytic & holistic parts are functioning together, knowing when to "let go" & rely on your holistic cognitive processing; flow
Question 86
Question
Conscious incompetence is:
Answer
-
when one communicates without adapting their communication style & not thinking about why it may not be effective
-
when one is aware that interaction is not going well, but doesn't understand why
-
teach at the conscious, intentional level; analytical thinking & learning; reaching this level is necessary in becoming a competent communicator.
Question 87
Question
Conscious competence is the conscious, intentional level; analytical thinking & learning; reaching this level is necessary in becoming a competent communicator
Question 88
Question
unconscious competence is communication that goes smoothly but not a conscious process; analytic & holistic parts are functioning together; knowing when to "let go" & rely on your holistic cognitive processing; flow
Question 89
Question
how may contextual components of intercultural communication competence be constrained?
Question 90
Question
How do you apply knowledge about intercultural communication?
Answer
-
entering into dialogue- "keep the cultural conversation going"
-
stop learning about different cultures altogether
-
becoming interpersonal allies- recognize power & privileges, impact of history & develop orientation of affirmation
-
building coalitions
-
start dating interculturally
-
social justice & transformations
-
forgiveness- promote this
-
transform