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Inferential Statistics for Data Science

Description

A basic quiz on Inferential Statistics.
Vishakha Achmare
Quiz by Vishakha Achmare, updated more than 1 year ago
Vishakha Achmare
Created by Vishakha Achmare about 4 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
Select the right answer. With the help of inferential statistics, we can :
Answer
  • Making conclusions from a sample about the population
  • Conclude if a sample selected is statistically significant to the whole population or not
  • Compare two models to find which one is more statistically significant as compared to the other.
  • We can do feature selection, whether adding or removing a variable helps in improving the model or not.
  • Hypothesis testing.
  • All

Question 2

Question
Standard Error is the amount of variation in the _________ data. It is related to Standard Deviation as σ/√n, where, n is the _________ size.
Answer
  • Sample
  • Population

Question 3

Question
A Sampling Distribution is a probability distribution of a statistic (Mean/Median/Mode) obtained through a large number of samples drawn from a specific population.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 4

Question
A Sampling Distribution behaves much like a normal curve and has some interesting properties like :
Answer
  • The shape of the Sampling Distribution does not reveal anything about the shape of the population.
  • Sampling Distribution helps to estimate the population statistic.
  • Both.

Question 5

Question
Central Limit Theorem states that: When plotting a sampling distribution of means, the mean of sample means will be equal to the population mean. And the sampling distribution will approach a normal distribution with variance equal to σ/√n where σ is the standard deviation of population and n is the sample size.
Answer
  • False
  • True

Question 6

Question
Greater the sample size, lower the standard error and greater the accuracy in determining the population mean from the sample mean?
Answer
  • False
  • True

Question 7

Question
No matter the shape of the population distribution, be it bi-modal, right-skewed, etc. The shape of the Sampling Distribution will remain the same (normal curve)?
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 8

Question
For a sampling distribution: The number of samples has to be sufficient (generally more than 50) to satisfactorily achieve a normal curve distribution. We also have to keep the sample size fixed since any change in sample size will change the shape of the sampling distribution and it will no longer be bell-shaped?
Answer
  • False
  • True

Question 9

Question
As we increase the sample size, the sampling distribution squeezes from both sides giving a better estimate of the population statistic since it lies somewhere in the middle of the sampling distribution (generally).
Answer
  • False
  • True

Question 10

Question
The confidence interval is a type of interval estimate from the ___________ distribution which gives a range of values in which the population statistic may lie.
Answer
  • Sampling
  • Population

Question 11

Question
The margin of error is a statistic expressing the amount of random sampling error in the results of a survey.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 12

Question
Margin of Error________ the width of Confidence Interval
Answer
  • 1/2
  • 1/4th

Question 13

Question
Which of the following points are true for confidence intervals?
Answer
  • Confidence Intervals can be built with different degrees of confidence suitable to a user’s needs like 70 %, 90% etc.
  • Greater the sample size, smaller the Confidence Interval
  • There are different confidence intervals for different sample means. For example, a sample mean of 40 will have a different confidence interval from a sample mean of 45.
  • 95% Confidence Interval, does not mean that the probability of a population mean to lie in an interval is 95%. Instead, 95% C.I means that 95% of the Interval estimates will contain the population statistic.
  • All of the above.

Question 14

Question
Hypothesis testing lets us identify ________ statistic to be checked against a _________ statistic or statistic of another sample to study any intervention etc.
Answer
  • Sample, Population
  • Population, Sample

Question 15

Question
Null hypothesis is a type of hypothesis in which we assume that sample observations are not by chance. They are affected by some non-random situation. It is denoted by H1 or Ha.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 16

Question
Alternate Hypothesis is a type of hypothesis in which we assume that the sample observations are purely by chance. It is denoted by H0.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 17

Question
Hypothesis Testing is done on different levels of confidence and makes use of z-score to calculate the probability.
Answer
  • False
  • True

Question 18

Question
For a 95% Confidence Interval, anything above the z-threshold for 95% would reject the null hypothesis.
Answer
  • False
  • True

Question 19

Question
Write down the steps to hypothesis testing.
Answer
  • write your answer down.
  • check them later after the quiz.

Question 20

Question
The significance level, also denoted as alpha or α, is the probability of rejecting the null hypothesis when it is ________.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 21

Question
p-value is the probability of obtaining results at least as extreme as the observed results of a statistical hypothesis test, assuming that the null hypothesis is correct.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 22

Question
Low enough p-value is ground for rejecting the null hypothesis. We reject the null hypothesis if the p-value is less than the significance level?
Answer
  • False
  • True

Question 23

Question
Type-1 error: Type 1 error is the case when we fail to reject the null hypothesis but actually it is false. The probability of having a type-1 error is called beta(β).
Answer
  • False
  • True

Question 24

Question
Type-2 error: Type 2 error is the case when we reject the null hypothesis but in actual it was true. The probability of having a Type-2 error is called significance level alpha(α).
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 25

Question
For Type 1 and Type 2 error: α= P (Null hypothesis rejected | Null hypothesis is true) β= P (Null hypothesis accepted | Null hypothesis is false)
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 26

Question
Power of test is defined as P= 1- Type-2 error = 1 – β Lesser the type-2 error more the power of the hypothesis test.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 27

Question
For a Z - test: 1. A Z-test is mainly used when the data is normally distributed. 2. We find the Z-statistic of the sample means and calculate the z-score. 3. Z-test is mainly used when the population mean and standard deviation are given.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 28

Question
T-tests are similar to the z-scores, the only difference being that instead of the Population Standard Deviation, we use the Sample Standard Deviation?
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 29

Question
Z-tests are statistical calculations that can be used to compare population means to a sample's. T-tests are calculations used to test a hypothesis, but they are most useful when we need to determine if there is a statistically significant difference between two independent sample groups.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 30

Question
The Degree of Freedom is the number of __________that have the choice of having more than one arbitrary value.
Answer
  • Variable
  • Sample

Question 31

Question
Select the True statement
Answer
  • 1. Greater the difference between the sample mean and the population mean, greater the chance of rejecting the Null Hypothesis.
  • 2. Greater the sample size, greater the chance of rejection of Null Hypothesis.
  • Both

Question 32

Question
One-sample t-test compares the mean of _________ data to a known value.
Answer
  • Sample
  • Population

Question 33

Question
Which of the following points are true for One Sample T- test?
Answer
  • Determine whether the mean of a group differs from the specified value.
  • Calculate a range of values that are likely to include the population mean.
  • We can run a one-sample T-test when we do not have the population S.D. or we have a sample of size less than 30.
  • All of them.

Question 34

Question
We use a two-sample T-test when we want to evaluate whether the mean of the two independent samples is different or not.
Answer
  • False
  • True

Question 35

Question
Two-sample T-test is used to:
Answer
  • Determine whether the means of two independent groups differ.
  • Calculate a range of values that is likely to include the difference between the population means.
  • Both

Question 36

Question
Points to be noted for two sample T-test are: 1. The groups to be tested should be __________ 2. The groups’ distribution should not be highly _________.
Answer
  • Independent, Skewed
  • Dependent, Normal

Question 37

Question
A Independent Samples t-test compare the means for ______ different groups? Samples are __________ of each other?
Answer
  • Two, Independent
  • Same, Dependent

Question 38

Question
A Paired sample t-test compares means from the ______ group at different times? Samples are _________ on each other?
Answer
  • Same, Dependent
  • Two, Independent

Question 39

Question
ANOVA is used to determine whether there are any statistically significant differences between the means of ________ independent (unrelated) groups.
Answer
  • One
  • Two
  • Three or more

Question 40

Question
A one-way ANOVA has ______ independent variable, while a two-way ANOVA has ______.
Answer
  • One, Two
  • Two, One

Question 41

Question
Write down the steps to perform ANOVA.
Answer
  • Write down the answers
  • Check them later

Question 42

Question
Practical applications of ANOVA in modeling are:
Answer
  • Identifying whether a categorical variable is relevant to a continuous variable.
  • Identifying whether a treatment was effective to the model or not.
  • Both.

Question 43

Question
The Chi-Square Test determines whether there is an association between _______ variables (i.e., whether the variables are independent or related).
Answer
  • Categorical
  • Continuous

Question 44

Question
Goodness of fit: It compares two categorical variables to find whether they are related with each other or not.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 45

Question
Test of Independence: It determines if sample data of categorical variables matches with population or not.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 46

Question
Regression analysis is a form of predictive modelling technique which investigates the relationship between a ___________ (target) and __________ variable (s) (predictor).
Answer
  • Dependent, Independent
  • Independent, Dependent

Question 47

Question
The regression sum of squares describes how well a regression model represents the modeled data. A higher regression sum of squares indicates that the model does not fit the data well?
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 48

Question
A residual sum of squares (RSS) is a statistical technique used to measure the amount of_________ in a data set that is not explained by a regression model.
Answer
  • Mean
  • Variance

Question 49

Question
Coefficient of Determination (R-Square): It represents the strength of correlation between two variables?
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 50

Question
Correlation Coefficients are used to measure how strong a relationship is between two variables?
Answer
  • True
  • False
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