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Environmental Science - Chapter Two

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I'm using "Essential Environment: The Science Behind the Stories" 4th edition by Withgott & Laposata
jenniferogo
Quiz by jenniferogo, updated more than 1 year ago More Less
Remington Miller
Created by Remington Miller about 9 years ago
Sheena Gardner
Copied by Sheena Gardner about 9 years ago
jenniferogo
Copied by jenniferogo about 9 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
An environment consists of complex networks of interlinked systems.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 2

Question
What is a system?
Answer
  • A bunch of different parts working together to accomplish different goals.
  • A bunch of different parts working together to accomplish the same goal.
  • One part working to accomplish many different goals.

Question 3

Question
Without a part, the system will still work properly.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 4

Question
System inputs _?
Answer
  • Pull something out of the system.
  • Put something into the system
  • Take something away from the system
  • Don't do anything to interact with the system

Question 5

Question
System outputs _?
Answer
  • Are the result of the system inputs
  • Create the same input again for the same system
  • Are useless

Question 6

Question
A system output can serve as a input.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 7

Question
What are the types of feedback loops?
Answer
  • Positive
  • Electron
  • Neutral
  • Negative

Question 8

Question
In a negative feedback loop, the output acts as an input that moves the system, in a new direction.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 9

Question
Most systems do not use a negative feedback loop.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 10

Question
A negative feedback loop pushes towards _.
Answer
  • equilibrium
  • preservation
  • combustion
  • unsustainability

Question 11

Question
A positive feedback loop has the opposite effect of the negative feedback loop.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 12

Question
A positive feedback loop pushes towards _.
Answer
  • combustion
  • stable situations
  • unstable situations

Question 13

Question
Positive feedback loops are rare in nature.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 14

Question
What is the lithosphere?
Answer
  • Earth's decay
  • Earth's crust
  • Everything but earth's crust

Question 15

Question
What is the atmosphere?
Answer
  • Water
  • Outer space
  • Air surrounding our planet

Question 16

Question
What is the hydrosphere?
Answer
  • All land
  • All water
  • Everything but water

Question 17

Question
What is the biosphere?
Answer
  • Total of all the planet's biotic and abiotic components.
  • Total of all the planet's biotic components
  • Total of all the planet's abiotic components
  • Total of all the planet's water

Question 18

Question
Eutrophication is the process of nutrient over-enrichment.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 19

Question
Chemistry does not play a central role in many environmental challenges.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 20

Question
All material that has mass and occupies space is matter.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 21

Question
Laws of Conservation of Matter
Answer
  • can be transformed
  • cannot be transformed
  • cannot be destroyed or created
  • stays constant as its recycled

Question 22

Question
An element is _.
Answer
  • a fundamental type of matter
  • a fundamental type of science

Question 23

Question
An element cannot be broken down into any other substances with other properties.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 24

Question
Each element is composed of
Answer
  • atoms
  • three neutrons
  • element

Question 25

Question
An atom is the smallest component that maintains the chemical properties of the element.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 26

Question
Each atom has a nucleus with
Answer
  • protons
  • neutrons
  • electrons
  • proteins
  • chemicals

Question 27

Question
An element will always have the same number of
Answer
  • protons
  • neutrons
  • electrons
  • nuclei

Question 28

Question
An element can have different numbers of neutrons or electrons.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 29

Question
Isotopes _.
Answer
  • can have different numbers of neutrons
  • can have different numbers of electrons
  • can change its behavior
  • can be radioactive
  • cannot be radioactive

Question 30

Question
Ions are positively charged.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 31

Question
Ions are atoms that can gain or lose
Answer
  • protons
  • nuclei
  • neutrons
  • electrons

Question 32

Question
A pH scale
Answer
  • measures oxygen
  • measures hydrogen
  • measures carbon
  • measures nitrogen

Question 33

Question
Hydrogen ions and whether they are acidic or basic is
Answer
  • counted on a balance
  • measured on a pH scale
  • measured on a pH ruler
  • oberserved

Question 34

Question
Molecules are _.
Answer
  • the combination of two or more atoms
  • the combination of two atoms
  • the combination of four of the same atoms

Question 35

Question
Molecules composed of two or more different elemets are called compounds.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 36

Question
Organic compounds are
Answer
  • Carbon atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms
  • Hydrogen atoms bonded to hydrogen atoms
  • Carbon atoms bonded to carbon atoms
  • Nitrogen atoms bonded to carbon atoms

Question 37

Question
Polymers are long chains of repeated molecules.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 38

Question
Hydrocarbons are
Answer
  • compounds of hydrogen and carbon
  • compounds of hydrogen and nitrogen
  • compounds of carbon and nitrogen

Question 39

Question
Macromolecules are
Answer
  • Large molecules
  • Small molecules
  • Medium molcules
  • Microscopic molecules

Question 40

Question
What are three essential macromolecules?
Answer
  • Carbohydrates
  • Nucleic acids
  • Lipids
  • Proteins

Question 41

Question
Proteins are made up of chains of amino acids.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 42

Question
Amino acids do not determine the identity of proteins.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 43

Question
Amino acids
Answer
  • Store energy
  • Transport substances
  • Provide structural support
  • Produce tissue

Question 44

Question
Amino acids are the building blocks of life.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 45

Question
Nucleic acid direct protein production.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 46

Question
Nucleic acid carries
Answer
  • protein information
  • genetic information
  • mental information
  • carbohydrate information

Question 47

Question
What are the two types of nucleic acid?
Answer
  • DNA
  • RNA
  • RDNA
  • CNA

Question 48

Question
Carbohydrates are
Answer
  • simple sugars
  • complex sugars
  • simple proteins
  • nucleic acids

Question 49

Question
What are the two major types of energy?
Answer
  • Combustion energy
  • Potential energy
  • Wind energy
  • Kinetic energy

Question 50

Question
Potential energy is the energy of
Answer
  • position
  • chemicals
  • atoms
  • motion

Question 51

Question
Kinetic energy is the energy of
Answer
  • poisition
  • chemicals
  • wind
  • motion

Question 52

Question
Chemical energy is potential energy in the bonds of atoms.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 53

Question
Why is it important to have energy?
Answer
  • To do anything
  • To run
  • To do nothing

Question 54

Question
In the First Law of Thermodynamics, energy cannot be created or destroyed, but can change forms.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 55

Question
In the Second Law of Thermodynamics,
Answer
  • the nature of energy will change from a more ordered state to a less ordered state
  • the nature of energy will change from a less ordered state to a more ordered state

Question 56

Question
The Earth's energy comes from the moon.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 57

Question
Autotrophs are also know as consumers.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 58

Question
Autotrophs are known as producers.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 59

Question
Autotrophs
Answer
  • Use the sun's energy to produce their own food
  • Use the sun's energy to decompose
  • Do not use the sun's energy to produce their own food

Question 60

Question
Autotrophs
Answer
  • turn chemical energy into light energy
  • turn light energy into chemical energy
  • turn light energy into soil
  • turn chemical energy into wind energy

Question 61

Question
In photosynthesis, carbon dioxide and water are converted into sugars.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 62

Question
The components of photosynthesis are
Answer
  • Carbon dioxide
  • Water
  • Shade
  • Sunlight
  • Soil
  • Sugar
  • Nitrogen
  • Oxygen

Question 63

Question
Heterotrophs can produce their own food.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 64

Question
What are the components of cellular respiration?
Answer
  • Water
  • Energy
  • Carbon dioxide
  • Sunlight
  • Sugar
  • Oxygen
  • Monoxide
  • CO2

Question 65

Question
Energy is kept as heat in a one-way flow through the system.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 66

Question
An ecosystem is all of the organisms and non-living entities in a particular area at the same time
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 67

Question
Primary production is the
Answer
  • conversion of solar energy to sugars
  • conversion of sugars to solar energy
  • conversion or water to gas
  • conversion of solar energy to wind energy

Question 68

Question
Gross primary production is the
Answer
  • use of energy made by the heterotrophs themselves
  • use of energy made by the plants themselves
  • use of atoms made by the plants themselves

Question 69

Question
Net primary production is energy left over to put into biomass.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 70

Question
All ecosystems produce biomass at the same rate.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 71

Question
Elements and compounds are consumed and required for survival of organisms.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 72

Question
Nitrogen has
Answer
  • 7 protons, 7 neutrons
  • 4 protons, 7 neutrons
  • 4 protons, 4 neutrons

Question 73

Question
Phosphorus has
Answer
  • 7 protons, 7 neutrons
  • 15 protons, 15 neutrons
  • 17 protons, 17 neutrons

Question 74

Question
Oxygen has
Answer
  • 7 protons, 7 neutrons
  • 7 protons, 8 neutrons
  • 8 protons, 8 neutrons

Question 75

Question
Carbon has
Answer
  • 7 protons, 6 neutrons
  • 6 protons, 6 neutrons
  • 6 protons, 7 neutrons

Question 76

Question
Carbon dioxide is a colorless gad used by plants for photosynthesis, given off by repiration, and released by burning fossil fuels.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 77

Question
Ionic bonds are
Answer
  • chemical bonds formed by the attraction between positively charged ions.
  • chemical bonds formed by the attraction between oppositely charged ions.
  • chemical bonds formed by the attraction between negatively charged ions.
  • chemical bonds formed by the attraction between neutrally charged ions.

Question 78

Question
A watershed is the entire area of a river from when a pipe drains into an ocean.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 79

Question
Hypoxia is the condition of extremely low dissolved oxygen concentrations in a body of water.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 80

Question
A covalent bond is a chemical bond formed by atoms "sharing" electrons.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 81

Question
What is a solution?
Answer
  • A mixture of substances in which elements, molecules, or compounds come together without chemically bonding.
  • A mixture of substances in which elements, molecules, or compounds come together with an ionic bond.
  • Plasma

Question 82

Question
Methane is a colorless gas produced primarily by anaerobic decomposition.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 83

Question
The ozone
Answer
  • is a molecule consisting of three oxygen atoms
  • absorbs ultraviolet radiation in the atmosphere
  • absorbs ultraviolet radiation in the stratosphere
  • is a molecule consisting of four oxygen atoms

Question 84

Question
What happens in biogeochemical cycles?
Answer
  • Nutrients cycle through the stratosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere.
  • Chemicals cycle through the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere.
  • Nutrients cycle through the atmosphere, hydrosphere, and lithosphere.

Question 85

Question
What is a flux?
Answer
  • Movement among ponds
  • Movement among reservoirs
  • Movement among oceans

Question 86

Question
A source is a reservoir that releases more nutrients than they accept
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 87

Question
In a sink, the reservoir accepts more than it releases.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 88

Question
What are the three forms of the hydrolytic cycle?
Answer
  • liquid
  • plasma
  • gas
  • solid

Question 89

Question
Water gets into the atmosphere only by evaporation.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 90

Question
What is transpiration?
Answer
  • Evaporation from plants
  • Evaporation from snow
  • Evaporation in general

Question 91

Question
Runoff is water flowing over land.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 92

Question
Human have only impacted some aspects of the water cycle.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 93

Question
How have we impacted the water cycle?
Answer
  • Overfilled water sources
  • Decreased evaporation
  • Depleted water sources
  • Reduced transpiration
  • Increased transpiration
  • Increased evaporation

Question 94

Question
Carbon is a part of every living thing.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 95

Question
Producers pull _ from the atmosphere.
Answer
  • CO2
  • H2O
  • N
  • K

Question 96

Question
Producers put some CO2 back into the atmosphere.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 97

Question
CO2 becomes incorporated into the tissues of _ and _.
Answer
  • plants, air
  • plants, insects
  • animals,insects
  • plants,animals

Question 98

Question
Settles into _ when organisms die.
Answer
  • Water
  • Sediment
  • Plants

Question 99

Question
What is the largest reservoir of carbon?
Answer
  • Water
  • Air
  • Plants
  • Soil

Question 100

Question
Putting too much CO2 into the air is a major climate change argument.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 101

Question
Shifted from _ to atmosphere.
Answer
  • hydrosphere
  • lithosphere
  • stratosphere

Question 102

Question
Nitrogen makes up how much of our atmosphere?
Answer
  • 48%
  • 78%
  • 88%
  • 76%

Question 103

Question
Nitrogen is essential.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 104

Question
Nitrogen needs what to help itself cycle.
Answer
  • Bacteria
  • Thunder
  • Lightning
  • Atoms

Question 105

Question
How many steps are in the nitrogen cycle?
Answer
  • 3
  • 2
  • 4
  • 6

Question 106

Question
Nitrogen has to be "fixed" before it can be used.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 107

Question
Through what step of the nitrogen cycle do plants take up nitrates?
Answer
  • Deneitrification
  • Nitrification
  • Nitrogen fixation

Question 108

Question
How have humans impacted the nitrogen cycle?
Answer
  • Reduced plants
  • Reduced bacteria
  • Increased amount of nitrogen in soils and water through fertilizer.
  • Increased amount of nitrogen in soils and water through new plants.

Question 109

Question
Phosphorus is found in the atmosphere.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 110

Question
The majority of phosphorus is found in
Answer
  • rocks
  • plants
  • animals
  • water

Question 111

Question
When rocks are weather, the phosphorus runs into the water and
Answer
  • settles into the sediment
  • settles into plants
  • settles into fish
  • is dissolved

Question 112

Question
Plants do not take up phosphorus.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 113

Question
How have humans impacted the phosphorus cycle?
Answer
  • Mined rocks
  • Put phosphorus in fertilizers
  • Taken phosphorus out of fertilizers
  • Detergents
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