Question 1
Question
Compare and Contrast Prokaryotes vs Eukaryotes
Prokaryotes are [blank_start]Unicellular[blank_end] and [blank_start]do not contain[blank_end] a Nucleus.
They store their genetic information in [blank_start]Circular[blank_end] DNA and [blank_start]have[blank_end] a Cell Wall.
Eukaryotes are [blank_start]Multicellular[blank_end] and [blank_start]contain[blank_end] a Nucleus.
They store their genetic information in [blank_start]Linear[blank_end] DNA and [blank_start]do not have[blank_end] a Cell Wall.
Answer
-
Unicellular
-
Multicellular
-
do not contain
-
contain
-
Circular
-
Linear
-
have
-
do not have
-
Multicellular
-
Unicellular
-
contain
-
do not contain
-
Linear
-
Circular
-
do not have
-
have
Question 2
Question
Label the parts of the Prokaryotic Cell.
Answer
-
Capsule
-
Ribosomes
-
Cell Wall
-
Plasma Membrane
-
Nucleiod
-
Nucleus
-
Flagellum
-
Chromosome (DNA)
-
Fimbirae
Question 3
Question
Which of these is a Gram Negative bacteria?
Answer
-
Clostridium botulinum
-
Shingella dysenteriae
-
Staphylococcus aureus
-
Mycobacterium leprosae
-
Enterococcus faecalis
Question 4
Question
Anaerobic bacteria differ from aerobic bacteria in which way?
Answer
-
Anaerobic bacteria lack and inner and outer cell membrane
-
Anaerobic bacteria have pyruvate ferredoxin oxidoreductase
-
Aerobic bacteria lack catalase and SOD
-
Aerobic Bacteria have a cell wall
Question 5
Question
All of the following are host examples of host defenses that a microbe must bypass to initiate infection EXCEPT:
Question 6
Question
Match the symbiotic type with its definition:
[blank_start]Mutualism[blank_end] --> Good for Bacteria and Host
[blank_start]Commensalism[blank_end] --> Good for Bacteria, no effect on the host
[blank_start]Parasitism[blank_end] --> Good for Bacteria but Bad for the host
Answer
-
Mutualism
-
Commensalism
-
Parasitism
-
Commensalism
-
Mutualism
-
Parasitism
-
Parasitism
-
Mutualism
-
Commensalism
Question 7
Question
[blank_start]Resident[blank_end] Bacteria have a permanent presence within us while [blank_start]Transient[blank_end] Bacteria have a short term presence.
Question 8
Question
Transient bacteria drive out residential bacteria.
Question 9
Question
Our blood/body fluids/internal tissues are always sterile.
Question 10
Question
Match the amount of bacteria present in the different areas of the GI tract.
[blank_start]Many[blank_end] Oral
[blank_start]Minimal[blank_end] Stomach
[blank_start]Minimal[blank_end] Small Intestines
[blank_start]Many[blank_end] Large Intestines
[blank_start]Many[blank_end] Colon
Answer
-
Many
-
Minimal
-
Minimal
-
Many
-
Minimal
-
Many
-
Many
-
Minimal
-
Many
-
Minimal
Question 11
Question
Which is more prevalent in the gut?
Answer
-
Obligate Anaerobes
-
Aerobes
Question 12
Question
Fill in the correct type of bacteria with it’s definition.
[blank_start]Obligate Anaerobe[blank_end] --> Living in environments not containing oxygen
[blank_start]Facilitative Anaerobe[blank_end] --> Living with or without oxygen
[blank_start]Aerobe[blank_end] --> Living in oxygen containing environments
Answer
-
Obligate Anaerobe
-
Facilitative Anaerobe
-
Aerobe
Question 13
Question
Opportunistic infections happen when a bacteria begins to overgrow in a site that it is normally not abundant in due to conditions that make it favorable to do so.
Question 14
Question
If the exclusionary effect becomes ineffective this can result in
Answer
-
Post-antibiotic infections
-
Pathogenic colonization prevention
-
Inhibiting pathogenic overgrowth
-
Normal micro-biotic flora
Question 15
Question
Nosocomial infections can be acquired from
Answer
-
Hospitals
-
Nursing Homes
-
Offices
-
Outpatient Clinic
-
Home Care
-
Outpatient Pharmacy
Question 16
Question
A lack of immune system priming results in
Answer
-
Strong immune system
-
Weak immune system
-
Nonspecific antibodies
-
Very specific antibodies
-
Low serum Igs
-
High serum Igs
Question 17
Question
Infections begins with [blank_start]Exposure[blank_end]
which leads to [blank_start]Entry[blank_end]
then [blank_start]Multiply and Spread[blank_end]
which can result in [blank_start]Injury[blank_end]
Answer
-
Exposure
-
Entry
-
Multiply and Spread
-
Injury
-
Entry
-
Exposure
-
Multiply and Spread
-
Injury
-
Multiply and Spread
-
Exposure
-
Entry
-
Injury
-
Injury
-
Multiply and Spread
-
Exposure
-
Entry
Question 18
Question
Which of these are ways pathogens can enter the body?
Answer
-
Inhalation
-
Ingestion
-
Penetration
-
Site to Site Transfer
Question 19
Question
Which of the following would not be considered a nocosomal infection?
Answer
-
Transfer of a pathogenic bacteria from one patient to another by staff
-
An infection acquired from a contaminated hot tub
-
Infection due to catheterization
-
Diarrhea that develops after prolonged antibiotic utilization
Question 20
Question
Glycolipids and Glycoproteins can determine whether or not a bacteria attaches to an epithelial cell.
Question 21
Question
Bacterial Adhesions are stronger than Bacterial Attachment Proteins.
Question 22
Question
Bacteria multiply in the [blank_start]Submucosa[blank_end] before Invasion.
Question 23
Question
[blank_start]Direct Damage[blank_end] is caused by bacterial toxins destroying host cells and tissues while [blank_start]Indirect Damage[blank_end] is caused by the host inflammatory response.
Answer
-
Direct Damage
-
Indirect Damage
Question 24
Question
Match the Bacterial Toxin with their definition.
[blank_start]Neurotoxin[blank_end] --> Target Nerves
[blank_start]Cytotoxin[blank_end] --> Target Cells
[blank_start]Exotoxin[blank_end] --> Secreted by Bacterial Cells
[blank_start]Endotoxin[blank_end] --> Part of a Gram - Bacterial Cell Membrane
Answer
-
Neurotoxin
-
Cytotoxin
-
Exotoxin
-
Endotoxin
Question 25
Question
The [blank_start]B[blank_end] Domain binds to the cell
The [blank_start]A[blank_end] Domain Catalyzes intracellular reactions.
Question 26
Question
Membrane Active Exotoxins have an indirect insertion into the host membrane that forms a pore causing cell leakage/lysis.
Question 27
Question
Super Antigens bridge the gap between [blank_start]Antigen Presenting Cells[blank_end] and [blank_start]T Cells[blank_end] causing a massive release of [blank_start]Cytokines[blank_end]
Answer
-
Antigen Presenting Cells
-
T Cells
-
Cytokines
Question 28
Question
Endotoxins are ONLY associated with Gram - Cells
Question 29
Question
PAMP stands for [blank_start]Pathogen Associated Molecular Pattern[blank_end]
PRR stands for [blank_start]Pathogen Recognition Receptor[blank_end]
Question 30
Question
Having a polysaccharide capsule can make it easier for bacteria to withstand attack from [blank_start]Phagocytosis[blank_end] and the [blank_start]Compliment Cascade[blank_end]
Answer
-
Phagocytosis
-
Compliment Cascade
Question 31
Question
PAMPs are located on our cells while PRRs are located on Bacterial cells
Question 32
Question
Bacteria avoid attack from the immune system through
Answer
-
Slightly changing the proteins on the outside to avoid Compliment Cascade
-
Polysaccharide Capsule
-
Attaching and Destroying/Replicating in Phagocytes
-
Secreting Proteases to damage present antibodies (IgA IgG)
Question 33
Question
Bacteremia means [blank_start]Bacteria in the blood[blank_end]
Question 34
Question
Localized infections mean the pathogen or the toxins being released are concentrated in one area or tissue. The Localized effects also stay in that general area.
Question 35
Question
Systemic Infections are where the pathogen enters the blood or several tissues. This can contain Cytokines, secreted toxins and presence of bacteria, viruses, or pathogens in the blood.
Question 36
Question
SIRS stands for [blank_start]Systemic Inflammatory Response Syndrome[blank_end].
Question 37
Question
You must have at least two of which of these symptoms for SIRS?
Answer
-
Abnormal Temperature
-
Lowered Heart Rate
-
Respiratory Distress
-
Abnormal WBC Counts
Question 38
Question
Match the SIRS pro inflammatory cytokines with their function
TNF-Alpha --> [blank_start]Activates IL-1 and IL-6[blank_end]
IL-1 --> [blank_start]Cellular Damage[blank_end]
IL-6 --> [blank_start]Cellular Damage pt2[blank_end]
IL-8 --> ?
PAF --> [blank_start]Blood Clotting[blank_end]
Answer
-
Activates IL-1 and IL-6
-
Cellular Damage
-
Blood Clotting
-
Cellular Damage
-
Activates IL-1 and IL-6
-
Blood Clotting
-
Cellular Damage pt2
-
Activates IL-a and IL-6
-
Blood Clotting
-
Blood Clotting
-
Activates Il-1 and IL-6
-
Cellular Damage
Question 39
Question
In CARS [blank_start]IL-1Ra[blank_end] counteracts the pro inflammatory activity of [blank_start]IL-1[blank_end] in SIRS
Question 40
Question
When there is a SIRS response, and [blank_start]infection[blank_end] is what kicks off the cascade into Sepsis
Question 41
Question
DIC stands for [blank_start]Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation[blank_end]
Question 42
Question
In MODS or [blank_start]Multiple Organ Dysfunction Syndrome[blank_end], multiple organs begin to fail and stop working properly.
Question 43
Question
The lungs are usually the first to fail in a syndrome called ARDS or [blank_start]Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome[blank_end]
Question 44
Question
The kidneys are usually next to fail in ARF or [blank_start]acute renal failure[blank_end]
Question 45
Question
The infections that are most common with SIRS to cause sepsis are (in order)
1 [blank_start]Respiratory Tract[blank_end]
2 [blank_start]Genitourinary Tract[blank_end]
3 [blank_start]Intra-Abdominal[blank_end]
4 [blank_start]Device Related[blank_end]
5 [blank_start]Wounds/Soft Tissue[blank_end]
6 [blank_start]Primary Bacterium[blank_end]
Answer
-
Respiratory Tract
-
Genitourinary Tract
-
Intra-Abdominal
-
Device Related
-
Wounds/Soft Tissue
-
Primary Bacterium
-
Genitourinary Tract
-
Respiratory Tract
-
Intra-Abdominal
-
Device Related
-
Wounds/Soft Tissue
-
Primary Bacterium
-
Intra-Abdominal
-
Respiratory Tract
-
Genitourinary Tract
-
Device Related
-
Wounds/Soft Tissue
-
Primary Bacterium
-
Device Related
-
Respiratory Tract
-
Genitourinary Tract
-
Intra-Abdominal
-
Wounds/Soft Tissue
-
Primary Bacterium
-
Wounds/Soft Tissue
-
Respiratory Tract
-
Genitourinary Tract
-
Inra-Abdominal
-
Device Related
-
Primary Bacterium
-
Primary Bacterium
-
Respiratory Tract
-
Genitourinary Tract
-
Intra-Abdominal
-
Device Related
-
Wounds/Soft Tissue
Question 46
Question
Pathogens commonly associated with sepsis in order
1 [blank_start]Gram Positive Aerobes[blank_end]
2 [blank_start]Gram Negative Aerobes[blank_end]
3 [blank_start]Anaerobes[blank_end]
4 [blank_start]Fungi[blank_end]
5 [blank_start]Polymicrobial[blank_end]
Answer
-
Gram Positive Aerobes
-
Gram Negative Aerobes
-
Anaerobes
-
Fungi
-
Polymicrobial
-
Gram Negative Aerobes
-
Gram Positive Aerobes
-
Anaerobes
-
Fungi
-
Polymicrobial
-
Anaerobes
-
Gram Positive Aerobes
-
Gram Negative Aerobes
-
Fungi
-
Polymicrobial
-
Fungi
-
Gram Positive Aerobes
-
Gram Negative Aerobes
-
Anaerobes
-
Polymicrobial
-
Polymicrobial
-
Gram Positive Aerobes
-
Gram Negative Aerobes
-
Anaerobes
-
Fungi
Question 47
Question
The damage from Gram Positive Sepsis comes from the [blank_start]Peptidoglycan[blank_end], [blank_start]Pro-inflammatory cytokines[blank_end], and [blank_start]exotoxins[blank_end].
Question 48
Question
Gram Negative Sepsis has stronger effects than Gram Negative but is less common.
Question 49
Question
The bacteria causing Gram Positive Septic Shock are
[blank_start]Streptococcus pneumonia[blank_end]
[blank_start]Staphylococcus spp[blank_end]
[blank_start]Enterococci spp[blank_end]
Answer
-
Streptococcus pneumonia
-
Staphylococcus spp
-
Enterococci spp