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Practice Exam - Preparatory 1 of 3

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Paramedic care and principles 6th edition. Volume 1 Chapters 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 (through objective 5.7) 19 ( through 19.6)
Jake Anderson
Quiz by Jake Anderson, updated more than 1 year ago
Jake Anderson
Created by Jake Anderson almost 2 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
The combined roles and responsibilities of paramedic practice is known​ as:
Answer
  • Paramedicine.
  • primary care.
  • community medicine.
  • integrated care

Question 2

Question
Critical care transport vehicles​ are
Answer
  • required to have two registered nurses​ (RNs) on board during transport
  • considered ambulances with at least one advanced life support​ (ALS) provider.
  • specially equipped and staffed for moving extremely ill patients.
  • reserved for ventilator or balloon pump patients.

Question 3

Question
Paramedics typically function outside their customary emergency response and transport roles in what emerging type of​ medicine?
Answer
  • Critical care medicine
  • Flight paramedicine
  • Telemedicine
  • Community paramedicine

Question 4

Question
Which type of emergency service provider has the skills and knowledge to use both basic and advanced equipment found on an​ ambulance?
Answer
  • AEMT
  • EMR
  • EMS
  • EMT

Question 5

Question
Of the nationally recognized levels of emergency medical services​ (EMS) certifications in the United​ States, who performs the highest level of prehospital​ care?
Answer
  • Advanced Emergency Medical Technician​ (AEMT)
  • Paramedic
  • Emergency Medical Responder​ (EMR)
  • Emergency Medical Technician​ (EMT)

Question 6

Question
Which level of emergency medical services​ (EMS) provider is certified to provide only basic emergency medical care and​ transportation?
Answer
  • Paramedic
  • EMT
  • AEMT
  • EMR

Question 7

Question
Which level of emergency medical services​ (EMS) provider is most likely to hold an​ associate's degree in emergency​ care?
Answer
  • EMR
  • Paramedic
  • EMT
  • AEMT

Question 8

Question
The primary focus of the advanced emergency medical technician​ (AEMT) is to​ provide:
Answer
  • basic and limited advanced emergency medical care and transportation for critical and emergent patients who access the emergency medical services​ (EMS) system.
  • immediate advanced life support to noncritical patients who access the emergency medical system.
  • basic emergency medical care and transportation for noncritical patients who access the emergency medical system.
  • advanced emergency medical care for critical and emergent patients who access the EMS system.

Question 9

Question
The paramedic is always expected​ to:
Answer
  • improve the​ patient's condition.
  • supervise other care providers.
  • serve as the​ patient's advocate
  • obtain online medical direction.

Question 10

Question
One of the primary tasks of the paramedic is​ to:
Answer
  • diagnose the​ patient's primary medical issue.
  • provide care in an​ out-of-hospital setting.
  • minimize​ on-scene time.
  • reduce unnecessary transports.

Question 11

Question
To be a successful​ paramedic, you​ must:
Answer
  • exert your authority on all emergency calls.
  • be adaptable and make critical decisions effectively.
  • never appear uncertain about what to do
  • make a decision quickly and never waiver.

Question 12

Question
What is often touted as being the best way to avoid legal issues as a​ paramedic?
Answer
  • Document patient care as it should have occurred.
  • Place the​ patient's welfare above all other tasks.
  • Have the patient sign a medical liability waiver.
  • Always establish online medical direction.

Question 13

Question
In the near​ future, paramedics may find themselves taking on a variety of additional roles​ including:
Answer
  • injury prevention within their service area.
  • replacing the nurse in the emergency department.
  • providing suturing of lacerations to children.
  • determining if a patient should go to the hospital based upon the likelihood they will be admitted.

Question 14

Question
A role that the paramedic often performs while on​ duty, but between emergency​ calls, is:
Answer
  • annual conference attendance.
  • political activeness.
  • public safety.
  • teaching emergency medical services​ (EMS) courses.

Question 15

Question
Your patient requires​ transport; however, you have determined the closest facility is NOT the best destination and your medical director agrees. Transporting to the more distant facility will cause you to get off late for this shift. Transporting the patient to the appropriate facility anyway shows you​ are:
Answer
  • serving the best interests of the patient.
  • exceeding your medical authority.
  • protecting the​ public's safety.
  • guilty of abandonment.

Question 16

Question
You are obligated to ensure the patient receives the best care​ possible:
Answer
  • within a 10-20 minute transport time.
  • regardless of the​ patient's ability to pay.
  • according to the​ patient's insurance provider.
  • within the​ patient's financial means.

Question 17

Question
Based on current​ trends, paramedic graduates of today will continue to enter into nontraditional roles such as helicopter​ EMS, tactical​ EMS, and industrial medicine because of​ their:
Answer
  • ability to follow standing orders.
  • unique education and ability to think and work independently.
  • ability to follow direction from medical direction.
  • rapport with​ hospital-based emergency systems.

Question 18

Question
What is an environment that​ today's paramedics often work​ in?
Answer
  • Industrial environments
  • Commercial aircrafts
  • Dental offices
  • The operating room

Question 19

Question
What would provide most of the capabilities of the hospital intensive care unit in an​ out-of-hospital environment?
Answer
  • Critical care transport vehicle
  • Tactical emergency medical services​ (EMS) gear bag
  • Special event crews in chase vehicle
  • Standard advanced life support​ (ALS) ambulance

Question 20

Question
You have accepted a​ part-time job as a paramedic working in an outpatient clinic. This will likely increase your knowledge​ of:
Answer
  • critical care.
  • primary care.
  • tactical emergency medical services​ (EMS).
  • hospice care.

Question 21

Question
Your emergency medical services​ (EMS) system sends multiple levels of emergency care personnel to the same incident. This is an example of​ a(n):
Answer
  • tiered response.
  • basic life support​ (BLS) response.
  • unbalanced response.
  • advanced life support​ (ALS) response.

Question 22

Question
What process is used to continuously evaluate and improve the emergency medical services​ (EMS) system?
Answer
  • Depositions
  • Progressive discipline
  • Quality improvement
  • Civil litigation

Question 23

Question
Auditing encounter forms and peer review are examples​ of:
Answer
  • retrospective medical oversight.
  • intervener medical direction.
  • on-line medical direction.
  • anticipatory medical oversight.

Question 24

Question
Standing orders​ are:
Answer
  • preauthorized protocols.
  • increase liability for paramedics.
  • used when the paramedic must speak with the medical director.
  • protocols the paramedic may follow at will

Question 25

Question
Paramedics are an essential component​ in:
Answer
  • the clinic referral system.
  • the continuum of patient care.
  • the hospital emergency room.
  • Medicare fraud prevention.

Question 26

Question
The​ out-of-hospital components of an emergency medical services​ (EMS) system​ include:
Answer
  • social workers.
  • emergency nurses.
  • rehabilitation services.
  • regional poison control centers.

Question 27

Question
Health care providers such as​ (emergency department) ED physicians and ED​ nurses, and the availability of services such as emergency radiology and respiratory​ care, are:
Answer
  • not part of an EMS.
  • in-hospital components of an emergency medical services​ (EMS) system.
  • alternate pathways of educating EMS providers for an online EMS training system.
  • accessory patient care systems for rural communities.

Question 28

Question
If there is a weakness in one component of an emergency medical services​ (EMS) system, it​ will:
Answer
  • be supported by other components in a properly functioning system.
  • diminish the overall quality of patient care.
  • be less critical in tiered response systems.
  • create an opportunity for the paramedic to intervene.

Question 29

Question
What were the lessons learned from the Korean and Vietnam conflicts that have impacted​ modern-day emergency medical services​ (EMS)?
Answer
  • There was a need for a common scope of practice for all prehospital personnel.
  • The lifesaving care needs to occur in the hospital setting.
  • Injured soldiers benefited from emergency care provided as soon as possible.
  • Speed of evacuation is the most important element in an EMS system.

Question 30

Question
The earliest medical​ records:
Answer
  • were inscribed on clay tablets.
  • discussed treating​ diagnoses, not symptoms.
  • didn't include medications.
  • included instructions on physical examination.

Question 31

Question
What was the effect of the publication of Accidental Death and​ Disability: The Neglected Disease of Modern Society on​ modern-day emergency medical services​ (EMS)?
Answer
  • It was the​ "white paper" that acted as a catalyst for improving ambulance systems and emergency responder training.
  • The American Heart Association began training the public in cardiopulmonary resuscitation​ (CPR).
  • Determining many people died from preventable causes cited in the report.
  • The states each took a leadership role in improving their own EMS systems.

Question 32

Question
The concept of ambulance​ volante, pioneered by Larrey during the Napoleonic​ Wars, was initiated during the Civil War​ by:
Answer
  • Clara Barton.
  • President Abraham Lincoln.
  • Jonathan Letterman.
  • Commercial Hospital.

Question 33

Question
Accidental Death and​ Disability: The Neglected Disease of Modern Society was first published​ by:
Answer
  • National Institute of Occupational Safety and Health​ (NIOSH).
  • The Journal of Emergency Medical Services​ (JEMS)
  • The National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians​ (NREMT).
  • The National Academy of Sciences

Question 34

Question
Accidental Death and​ Disability: The Neglected Disease of Modern Society was released​ in:
Answer
  • 1966
  • 1970
  • 1960
  • 1979

Question 35

Question
What coincided with the release of Accidental Death and​ Disability: The Neglected Disease of Modern Society that resulted in the first emergency medical services​ (EMS) guidelines for the United​ States?
Answer
  • The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1972
  • The National EMS Curriculum Act of 1963
  • The Los Angeles County EMS Planning Conference in 1961
  • The Highway Safety Act of 1966

Question 36

Question
As a paramedic working in emergency medical services​ (EMS) today, what current day practice could you attribute to the recommendations found in Accidental Death and​ Disability: The Neglected Disease of Modern Society​ study?
Answer
  • Improved communication between the ambulance and physicians
  • Well-equipped and maintained ambulances
  • Standardized training requirements for EMS personnel
  • All of the answers are correct

Question 37

Question
In​ 1988, the Statewide emergency medical services​ (EMS) Technical Assessment Program was established by NHTSA​ to:
Answer
  • provide acute illness and injury care and​ follow-up, and contribute to the treatment of chronic conditions and to community health monitoring.
  • provide funding to states for trauma system​ planning, development,​ implementation, and evaluation.
  • help establish helicopter EMS​ (HEMS) programs.
  • define elements necessary to all EMS systems.

Question 38

Question
The Statewide Emergency Medical Services​ (EMS) Technical Assessment Program defines elements necessary to all EMS​ systems; the transportation element covers which​ items?
Answer
  • Defensive driving class requirements
  • Standards for street marking and placement of house numbers
  • Minimum standards for equipping air ambulances
  • Safe patient transport by ground or air ambulance

Question 39

Question
Standardized​ curriculum, adequate​ training, and qualified instructors are covered in which element of the Statewide emergency medical services​ (EMS) Technical Assessment​ Program?
Answer
  • EMS program preparation
  • Human resources and training
  • Uniform training code
  • Minimum educational standards

Question 40

Question
Which element does NOT pertain to the medical director as it relates to the Statewide emergency medical services​ (EMS) Technical Assessment​ Program?
Answer
  • The medical director responds to all requests for​ on-line medical care.
  • The medical director oversees all aspects of patient care.
  • The medical director delegates medical practice to nonphysician caregivers.
  • Each EMS system must have a physician as its medical director.

Question 41

Question
A significant advance in paramedic education was contained in the 2009 publication of the National EMS Education Instructional Guidelines​, developed by​ the:
Answer
  • USDOT.
  • NTSB.
  • ​President's Council on Safety.
  • NHTSA

Question 42

Question
Which organization recommended sweeping improvements for the helicopter air ambulance​ industry?
Answer
  • National Registry of Emergency Medical Technicians
  • ​President's Council on Safety
  • National Transportation Safety Board
  • National Highway Traffic Safety Administration​ (NHTSA)

Question 43

Question
Which document recommended that emergency medical services​ (EMS) of the future would be a​ community-based health management system that would be fully integrated into the overall health care​ system?
Answer
  • EMS Systems Act
  • Ambulance volante
  • The EMS Agenda for the Future
  • The Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act​ (COBRA)

Question 44

Question
The National Report Card on the State of Emergency​ Medicine: Evaluating the Environment of Emergency Care Systems State by State pointed out the significant problems that existed in all aspects of emergency​ care, including:
Answer
  • a significant need for helicopter transport services for critically ill or injured patients.
  • overstressing of emergency medical services​ (EMS) systems are so severe that the quality of care has been compromised.
  • a lack of competent providers causing a deterioration in patient care.
  • patient disappointment in service from long ambulance wait times.

Question 45

Question
In the publication Emergency Medical​ Services: At the Crossroads​, published by the National Academies Institute of​ Medicine, which element is not a weakness identified in current emergency medical services​ (EMS) delivery​ systems?
Answer
  • Disparities in response time
  • Insufficient coordination
  • poor patient rapport
  • Uncertain quality of care

Question 46

Question
In​ 2006, the National Academies Institute of Medicine published an evaluation of the status of emergency services which found​ that, despite the advances made in emergency medical services​ (EMS), sizable challenges remained. This evaluation was​ entitled:
Answer
  • The National Report Card on the State of Emergency​ Medicine: Evaluating the Environment of Emergency Care Systems State by State.
  • Statewide EMS Technical Assessment Program.
  • The EMS Agenda for the Future.
  • Emergency Medical​ Services: At the Crossroads.

Question 47

Question
Which statement is true regarding response times to emergency medical services​ (EMS) calls?
Answer
  • Response times are very consistent throughout the United States.
  • Response times are not tracked in the United States.
  • Response times are not impacted by dispatch resources.
  • Response times vary greatly across the United States.

Question 48

Question
What was published in 2006 that reported the lack of standardized measures of emergency medical services​ (EMS) quality?
Answer
  • EMS Agenda for the Future
  • Accidental Death and​ Disability: The Neglected Disease of Modern Society
  • Emergency Medical Services for Children
  • Emergency Medical​ Services: At the Crossroads

Question 49

Question
First used by the Salt Lake City Fire Department and using a set of medically approved​ protocols, emergency medical dispatchers​ (EMDs) are trained to medically interrogate a distressed​ caller, prioritize​ symptoms, select an appropriate​ response, and give lifesaving prearrival instructions. This management method is​ called:
Answer
  • emergency medical technician dispatching.
  • priority dispatching.
  • triage.
  • prearrival instruction.

Question 50

Question
Emergency medical services​ (EMS) is just part of the​ patient's continuum of care. When does the continuum of care​ begin?
Answer
  • When EMS is first activated
  • .When the patient is admitted to the hospital
  • When the patient is first injured or becomes ill
  • When the patient arrives at the hospital

Question 51

Question
For improved​ efficiency, emergency medical services​ (EMS)operations among multiple agencies should​ be:
Answer
  • isolated.
  • independent.
  • infrequent.
  • integrated.

Question 52

Question
What is the sixth and final step in the American Heart Association​ (AHA) chain of​ survival?
Answer
  • Rapid defibrillation
  • Recovery
  • Post-cardiac arrest care
  • Cardiopulmonary resuscitation​ (CPR)

Question 53

Question
The study of the ways in which disease states interfere with normal functioning of body systems is​ called:
Answer
  • pathology.
  • epidemiology.
  • pathophysiology.
  • immunology.

Question 54

Question
Which of these terms refer to the movement of a solute from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration without the use of energy or​ assistance?
Answer
  • Osmosis
  • Facilitation
  • Simple diffusion
  • Active transport

Question 55

Question
Poisons released from bacterial cells when they​ die, that can trigger an inflammatory​ process, are known​ as:
Answer
  • epitoxins.
  • exotoxins.
  • ectotoxins.
  • endotoxins.

Question 56

Question
The process in which the size of a cell decreases as a result of decreasing workload is known​ as:
Answer
  • hyperplasia
  • hypertrophy.
  • metaplasia.
  • Atrophy.

Question 57

Question
The smallest units of life​ are:
Answer
  • atoms.
  • cells.
  • tissues.
  • molecules.

Question 58

Question
A group of organs working together for some common goal is known as​ a(n):
Answer
  • organism.
  • organ thread.
  • organ system.
  • human being.

Question 59

Question
What is the term used to describe any unit of life that is capable of surviving and reproducing in an​ environment?
Answer
  • Organ system
  • Biome
  • Organism
  • Human

Question 60

Question
The smallest unit of life is the:
Answer
  • Cell
  • organ
  • tissue
  • body system

Question 61

Question
External influences that tend to increase the​ body's vulnerability to a​ disease, such as poor dietary habits increasing the risk of​ diabetes, are​ called:
Answer
  • predisposing factors.
  • self-destructive tendencies.
  • genetic predispositions.
  • low-immunity states

Question 62

Question
Humans at both ends of the age spectrum are especially vulnerable to disease due​ to:
Answer
  • weakness of the immune system.
  • frail body systems.
  • increased exposure to illness.
  • diminished mental capacities.

Question 63

Question
Predisposition to certain disease processes on a familial basis can be attributed​ to:
Answer
  • country of origin.
  • atherosclerosis.
  • lifestyle.
  • genetics.

Question 64

Question
In the​ Ukraine, the incidence of​ cancers, specifically thyroid​ cancer, has increased dramatically following the nuclear disaster in 1986 at Chernobyl. In this​ case, the predisposing factor​ is:
Answer
  • inheritance.
  • genetics.
  • lifestyle.
  • exposure.

Question 65

Question
Pathological changes that result from invasion of the body and colonization by a pathogenic organism are classified​ as:
Answer
  • immunologic diseases.
  • inflammatory diseases.
  • an autoimmune disorder.
  • infectious diseases.

Question 66

Question
Congenital diseases can result from problems which occur​ during:
Answer
  • childbirth.
  • uncontrolled cellular growth.
  • in utero trauma.
  • fetal development.

Question 67

Question
Disease states that result from a deficiency in one or all of the major nutritional sources​ (carbohydrates, proteins,​ fats) are classified​ as:
Answer
  • electrolyte imbalances.
  • nutritional diseases.
  • vitamin deficiencies.
  • malnutrition disorders.

Question 68

Question
What is​ neoplasia?
Answer
  • Abnormal or uncontrolled cell growth
  • Hypoxia-induced cellular malformation
  • Chemical destruction of a cell membrane
  • The formation of new skin cells on a fetus

Question 69

Question
Most atoms become stable​ by:
Answer
  • filling their outer electron shell.
  • bonding to other atoms.
  • decaying to noble gases.
  • becoming radioactive.

Question 70

Question
The process by which atoms join together to form a molecule is​ called:
Answer
  • orbitation
  • coupling
  • bonding
  • valence

Question 71

Question
The equal sharing of electrons between atoms results in​ a(n):
Answer
  • hydrogen bond.
  • atomic mass.
  • covalent bond.
  • ionic bond.

Question 72

Question
An atom or molecule with missing electrons and thus a net positive charge is called​ a(n):
Answer
  • ionic bond.
  • anion.
  • nonmetallic element.
  • cation.

Question 73

Question
Which of these is NOT a major class of biologic​ chemicals?
Answer
  • Water
  • Lipids
  • Carbohydrates
  • Proteins

Question 74

Question
Polysaccharides are considered part of which major class of biologic​ chemicals?
Answer
  • Carbohydrates
  • Water
  • Lipids
  • Proteins

Question 75

Question
Amino acids are held together in proteins​ by:
Answer
  • hydrogen bonds.
  • ionic bonds.
  • covalent bonds.
  • peptide bonds.

Question 76

Question
Most enzymes can also be​ considered:
Answer
  • Carbohydrates
  • Lipids
  • Water
  • Proteins

Question 77

Question
Successfully completing a course that adheres to the most recent National EMS Education Instructional Guidelines would fulfill the requirements​ of:
Answer
  • initial education.
  • subsequent education.
  • field training.
  • continuing education.

Question 78

Question
Quality, accredited continuing education programs and much of the didactic portion of initial emergency medical services​ (EMS) education are now​ available:
Answer
  • through nursing programs.
  • from the library.
  • on the Internet.
  • only through​ university-based programs.

Question 79

Question
Which statement is true regarding the Consolidated Omnibus Budget Reconciliation Act​ (COBRA) of​ 1981?
Answer
  • It introduced federal funding for EMS.
  • It prevented EMS agencies from applying for grants.
  • It significantly increased federal funding for EMS.
  • It wiped out federal funding for emergency medical services​ (EMS).

Question 80

Question
Which document provided funding to states for trauma system​ planning, development,​ implementation, and​ evaluation?
Answer
  • Statewide EMS Technical Assessment Program
  • Trauma Care Systems and Development Act
  • EMS Agenda for the Future
  • Ontario Prehospital Advanced Life Support study

Question 81

Question
Clinical protocols are designed around the four​ "Ts" of emergency care. These​ are:
Answer
  • triage, treatment,​ training, and testing.
  • ​training, triage,​ treatment, and transport.
  • triage, treatment,​ telemetry, and transport.
  • triage, treatment,​ transport, and transfer.

Question 82

Question
Emergency medical services​ (EMS) providers are the medical​ director's designated agents. This defines the concept​ of:
Answer
  • medical oversight.
  • patient care algorithms.
  • standardized protocols.
  • on-line medical direction.

Question 83

Question
The trend in emergency medical services​ (EMS) as it relates to medical direction is​ to:
Answer
  • eliminate medical direction.
  • increase​ on-line medical direction and decrease​ off-line medical direction.
  • increase​ off-line medical direction and decrease​ on-line medical direction.
  • transition to entirely​ on-line medical direction.

Question 84

Question
In most emergency medical services​ (EMS) systems, what is the most overlooked component of the EMS​ system?
Answer
  • Dispatch education
  • Medical director education
  • Public education
  • EMS education

Question 85

Question
A means to promote and enhance the status of emergency medical services​ (EMS) within the health care community and to help create a unified voice for EMS providers are two of the services provided​ by:
Answer
  • conferences.
  • professional organizations.
  • advertising.
  • EMS services.

Question 86

Question
What nongovernmental organization develops and administers standardized tests for various EMS provider​ levels?
Answer
  • N.R.E.M.T.
  • N.E.M.S.E.S.
  • C.o.A.E.M.S.P.
  • N.A.E.M.S.E.

Question 87

Question
An abundant source of continuing education material and an excellent opportunity for EMS professionals to write and publish articles are two benefits​ of:
Answer
  • professional magazines.
  • manual publishers.
  • educators.
  • professional organizations.

Question 88

Question
Which publication is specifically for emergency medical services​ (EMS)professionals?
Answer
  • AAFP
  • AJN
  • JAMA
  • JEMS

Question 89

Question
KKK-A-1822 is a federal specification intended to​ improve:
Answer
  • training standards.
  • reimbursement rates
  • documentation standards.
  • standards for ambulances.

Question 90

Question
Which statement is true regarding​ KKK-A-1822 standards?
Answer
  • All ambulances meet this standard.
  • Not all ambulances meet this federal standard.
  • This standard is only for air ambulances.
  • This standard is only for fire department ambulances.

Question 91

Question
The​ KKK-A-1822 federal standards for ambulances​ include:
Answer
  • elimination of handheld spotlights.
  • geographical positioning system​ (GPS) navigation system.
  • video communication system.
  • occupant protection standards.

Question 92

Question
Which standard called for improved electrical standards and reduced interior siren noise for​ ambulances?
Answer
  • The Ambulance Provision of the COBRA act
  • KKK-A-1822
  • NEMSES EVOC Regulation
  • AMB-7-1380

Question 93

Question
A designated trauma center​ is:
Answer
  • any hospital that​ self-designates itself as a trauma center.
  • a hospital that meets accreditation standards for trauma care.
  • a hospital with air ambulance resources on site.
  • a hospital with trauma and rehabilitation services on site.

Question 94

Question
Receiving facilities should have all of these capabilities except which​ one?
Answer
  • Emergency department
  • Surgical facilities
  • Medical imaging capabilities
  • Rehabilitation services

Question 95

Question
Which facilility is NOT a recognized specialty center​ category?
Answer
  • Burn center
  • Orthopedic center
  • Pediatric center
  • Perinatal center

Question 96

Question
You are transporting a patient who was rescued from a house fire. Which type of receiving​ facility, if​ available, should you transport the patient​ to?
Answer
  • Chest pain center
  • Trauma center
  • Stroke center
  • Burn center

Question 97

Question
For quality assurance and improvement programs to be​ effective, they​ must:
Answer
  • be dynamic and comprehensive.
  • fully attain total excellence.
  • set the​ community's expectations.
  • be designed with the needs of cost effective care as their chief concern.

Question 98

Question
Which guideline does not appear in the National Highway Traffic Safety Administration​ (NHTSA) released manual called A Leadership Guide to Quality Improvement for Emergency Medical Services Systems​?
Answer
  • EMS process management
  • Leadership
  • Strategic quality planning
  • Cost-effective administration

Question 99

Question
A good emergency medical services​ (EMS) quality improvement​ (QI) program is also​ a(n):
Answer
  • "good enough" quality program.
  • excellent individual performance monitor.
  • excellent risk management strategy.
  • excellent​ low-risk procedure monitor.

Question 100

Question
EMS cases can be divided into four areas of​ risk; of​ these, which is most important for quality improvement​ (QI) monitoring?
Answer
  • High​ frequency/low risk
  • Low​ frequency/low risk
  • Low​ frequency/high risk
  • High​ frequency/high risk

Question 101

Question
The primary tenet of medicine is primum non nocere​, which​ means:
Answer
  • scene safety first.
  • basic life support​ (BLS) before advanced life support​ (ALS).
  • first, do no harm.
  • patient first always.

Question 102

Question
Which error is an ongoing issue in emergency medical services​ (EMS)and a common source of malpractice​ litigation?
Answer
  • Dropping patients
  • Ambulance crashes
  • Automated external defibrillator​ (AED) failures
  • Airway issues

Question 103

Question
When a health care provider fails to perform a skill​ properly, this is known as​ a:
Answer
  • protocol-based failure.
  • skill-based failure.
  • knowledge-based failure.
  • cognitive load failure.

Question 104

Question
When an emergency medical services​ (EMS) provider fails to follow an established treatment​ guideline, this is known as​ a(n):
Answer
  • skills-based failure.
  • evidence-based failure.
  • rules-based failure.
  • compliance-based failure.

Question 105

Question
One reason there is very little known about the quality of care delivered by emergency medical services​ (EMS) services in the United States​ is:
Answer
  • medical professionals attempt to hide problems from government agencies.
  • there are no standardized measures of EMS quality.
  • EMS providers are reluctant to report quality issues.
  • hospital emergency departments fail to review EMS performance.

Question 106

Question
What is an essential component of an emergency medical services​ (EMS) system?
Answer
  • Research
  • Online training
  • Tuition reimbursement
  • Conferences

Question 107

Question
​Historically, emergency medical services​ (EMS) has implemented treatment guidelines without​ adequate:
Answer
  • communication
  • training
  • research
  • medical direction.

Question 108

Question
What is a significant barrier to emergency medical services​ (EMS) research?
Answer
  • Adequate EMS ageny involvment
  • Time
  • Obtaining patient consent
  • Access to patients

Question 109

Question
What enhancement has been made in some emergency medical services​ (EMS) systems based on the benefits recently identified with rapid primary percutaneous coronary intervention​ (PPCI)?
Answer
  • Paramedics can activate cardiac catheterization teams.
  • Most ALS ambulances now carry single tPA doses.
  • EMS providers can now perform percutaneous coronary interventions in the prehospital setting.
  • HEMS resources are now used regardless of proximity to the receiving facilities for patients in need of PPCI.

Question 110

Question
Which change is NOT one of the rules of evidence when considering a new​ medication, process, or​ procedure?
Answer
  • Any proposed change must be supported by ample scientific human research.
  • Any proposed change must be affordable.
  • Any proposed change must be clinically important.
  • Any proposed change must be supported by the community.

Question 111

Question
Is there any benefit in new clinical evidence invalidating traditional emergency medical services​ (EMS) practices?
Answer
  • .Yes, because they can be replaced with treatments that are more effective.
  • No, because current practices are so established within the system that changes will create problems.
  • Yes, because EMS agencies will be able to seek higher reimbursement rates based on more advanced procedures.
  • No, because traditional EMS practices have been proven out by years of effective use.

Question 112

Question
With regard to ​evidence-based medicine​, what skill is essential for paramedics to​ possess?
Answer
  • When to determine which protocols to follow
  • How to read and interpret scientific literature
  • When to disregard clinical experience
  • How to conduct scientific human research

Question 113

Question
Which field of medicine requires you to be the most​ mentally, physically, and emotionally​ prepared?
Answer
  • Dietetics
  • Social work
  • Rehabilitation
  • Paramedicine

Question 114

Question
Paramedics require a strong knowledge in which​ area?
Answer
  • Pharmacology
  • Surgical techniques
  • Pathophysiology
  • Rehabilitation

Question 115

Question
Which individuals are not part of the allied health​ professions?
Answer
  • Paramedic
  • Physician
  • Respiratory therapist
  • Physical therapist

Question 116

Question
Which is an example of a paramedic providing primary​ care?
Answer
  • The paramedic responds to a call where a child has stuffed a marble up in their nose. The paramedic removes the marble and transports the child to an outpatient clinic for additional follow up.
  • The paramedic responds to a call where an adult has fallen off a roof and has a fractured forearm and head wound. The paramedic stabilizes the patient and transports the patient to a trauma center.
  • C. The paramedic responds to a call where an individual is having an allergic reaction to a bee sting. The paramedic administers​ epinephrine, and the patient requests to not be transported to the hospital.
  • The paramedic responds to a call where a college student has passed out from too much alcohol. The paramedic transports the student to the nearest hospital.

Question 117

Question
Restocking and equipment​ disinfection:
Answer
  • are not required before returning to service.
  • should be done after every call.
  • can be completed anytime during your shift.
  • are basic life support​ (BLS) responsibilities.

Question 118

Question
The paramedic is stationed in a facility in a remote area and is called to respond to a trauma related emergency. There are no major cities in the​ area, and the only medical care is from a clinic in a small town that is open during weekdays only.​ However, the physician is on call as needed. What level of trauma center would the paramedic expect to take the patient​ to?
Answer
  • Level II
  • Level IV
  • Level I
  • Level III

Question 119

Question
On your way to​ work, you consciously set aside your personal problems in order to focus on the needs of your patients. This is an example​ of:
Answer
  • response
  • preparation
  • scene size up.
  • recognition

Question 120

Question
In order for paramedics to properly treat a​ patient, they must​ master:
Answer
  • medication administration.
  • patient assessment.
  • 12-lead ECG​ (electrocardiogram).
  • online communication.

Question 121

Question
How many levels of trauma centers are there according to the American College of​ Surgeons?
Answer
  • 3
  • 2
  • 1
  • 4

Question 122

Question
Which level of trauma center is required to have criteria for transporting certain types of trauma patients to a higher level of​ care?
Answer
  • Level IV centers only
  • Level​ I, II, and III centers
  • Level III and IV centers
  • Level​ II, III, and IV centers

Question 123

Question
You are caring for a​ 17-year-old patient who experienced an acute psychotic break and jumped off a building. They have sustained multiple long bone and chest injuries. They should be transported to what type of facility​ (assuming all are within a reasonable driving​ distance)?
Answer
  • Psychiatric facility
  • Academic hospital facility
  • Dedicated pediatric facility
  • Trauma facility

Question 124

Question
You have a​ 23-year-old patient who jumped from a first story balcony to escape a house fire. They have extensive burns to the​ face, neck,​ arms, and torso. During the jump they seemed to have twisted their ankle. What would be the best destination facility given this​ scenario, and assuming all facilities are within similar transporting​ distances?
Answer
  • Pediatric trauma center
  • Burn facility
  • Immediate care facility
  • Trauma facility

Question 125

Question
Setting high standards for personal​ performance, crew​ performance, and agency performance is an indicator​ of:
Answer
  • professionalism.
  • independence
  • pride
  • ego

Question 126

Question
Ethics are not​ laws, but​ rather:
Answer
  • standards of honorable behavior of a group.
  • a specific code of conduct of an individual.
  • a personal moral standard.
  • ​agency-specific protocols for right and wrong.

Question 127

Question
Which document details some of the guiding principles for professional emergency medical technician​ (EMT) service?
Answer
  • Oath of Geneva
  • Allied Health Behaviors
  • EMT Professionalism
  • Professional Code of Ethics

Question 128

Question
Being a professional requires​ a:
Answer
  • college degree.
  • certification
  • license
  • specialized body of knowledge.

Question 129

Question
Professionalism in communication is an important attribute in the prehospital environment. Which are attributes of effective​ communication?
Answer
  • Using complicated medical terminology to explain a procedure to the injured
  • Speaking​ clearly, writing​ legibly, and always using medical terminology
  • Speaking​ clearly, listening​ actively, and writing legibly
  • Speaking clearly and loudly and always using medical terminology

Question 130

Question
A critical review of your own performance is​ a(n):
Answer
  • professional attribute
  • process that must be documented.
  • unnecessary stress.
  • distraction from patient care.

Question 131

Question
Which statement is most reflective of good​ teamwork?
Answer
  • Ensuring unanimous agreement on all decisions
  • Maintaining a friendly atmosphere for all team members
  • Placing success of the team over personal interests
  • Demonstrating your ability to direct others competently

Question 132

Question
Of the varied attributes a care provider may​ demonstrate, which one is not appropriate for an emergency medical services​ (EMS) provider?
Answer
  • Skill mastery
  • Egotism
  • Commitment to excellence
  • High standards

Question 133

Question
Human immunodeficiency virus​ (HIV), hepatitis​ B, and hepatitis C are​ all:
Answer
  • infectious diseases.
  • short-acting infections.
  • bacterial infections.
  • extremely virulent diseases.

Question 134

Question
Cleaning with a bleach solution is a form​ of:
Answer
  • pressurized decontamination.
  • general cleaning.
  • disinfection
  • sterilization

Question 135

Question
The nonspecific response of the body to any​ demand, real or​ percerived, is​ called:
Answer
  • stress
  • defense
  • grief
  • coping

Question 136

Question
The extreme endpoint of the stress continuum is known​ as:
Answer
  • eustress
  • alpha stress.
  • burnout
  • decompression

Question 137

Question
Which response is true regarding use of lights and sirens by an emergency medical services​ (EMS) provider while transporting a patient or responding to a​ call?
Answer
  • They should be used on every call.
  • They are a means to get through heavy traffic.
  • They should only be used on cardiac arrest patients.
  • They should be limited to those patients with a​ time-critical condition.

Question 138

Question
What is a correct outcome regarding basic physical fitness when done​ correctly?
Answer
  • It increases the risk of back injury.
  • It can reduce workplace injuries.
  • It reduces the need for adequate sleep.
  • It eliminates job stress.

Question 139

Question
You are dispatched to a call for a morbidly obese patient. You need to move the patient to the ambulance on a cot. You should use what piece of equipment when transitioning the​ patient?
Answer
  • Use a power lift stretcher
  • Use a manual lift stretcher
  • Use a Reeves stretcher
  • Slide the patient rather than lifting

Question 140

Question
All the listed factors are important for paramedics who want to be in emergency medical services​ (EMS) long-term without physical​ injury, except which​ one?
Answer
  • 24 hour shifts
  • Basic physical fitness
  • Proper nutrition
  • Adequate sleep

Question 141

Question
As an emergency medical technician​ (EMT) looking to improve your personal​ wellness, it is important to focus​ on:
Answer
  • increasing the amount of exercise you get in your day.
  • considering taking medication to help manage stressful times.
  • increasing coffee and tea intake.
  • watching more TV and playing more video games.

Question 142

Question
If your body is fed well and kept fit and if you use the principles of back safety and avoid potentially addictive and harmful​ substances, you:
Answer
  • will be able to work long shifts without tiring.
  • will be able to work without additional assistance on morbidly obese patients.
  • should have the physical strength and stamina to perform the duties of a paramedic.
  • will reduce your insurance rates.

Question 143

Question
Which guideline is consistent with MyPlate guidelines provided by the U.S. Department of​ Agriculture?
Answer
  • Make one quarter of your plate fruits and vegetables.
  • Drink whole milk as a source of calcium.
  • Make half your grains whole grains.
  • Eat larger portions less often.

Question 144

Question
What outcome is not a direct benefit of physical​ fitness?
Answer
  • Increased resistance to illness
  • Reduced anxiety levels
  • Slowing the progression of osteoporosis
  • Decreased metabolic rate

Question 145

Question
Provider obesity and a lack of general physical fitness are associated with an increase​ in:
Answer
  • poor patient care.
  • lucidy
  • burnout
  • back injuries.

Question 146

Question
Overuse and abuse of substances such as caffeine are common​ among:
Answer
  • EMS providers in rural areas.
  • those with​ high-stress jobs.
  • older workers specifically.
  • mostly women in emergency medical services​ (EMS).

Question 147

Question
What risk factor increases the likelihood of cancer and cardiovascular​ disease?
Answer
  • Use of tobacco
  • Hypermetabolism
  • Job stress
  • Chronic fatigue

Question 148

Question
You have decided to quit smoking. You​ should:
Answer
  • replace the habit with food or alcohol.
  • take some time off work.
  • keep quiet until you are sure you can do it.
  • seek support from local resources.

Question 149

Question
What technique is very important to avoid injuring your back at​ work?
Answer
  • Proper lifting technique
  • Weight lifting
  • Intensive daily exercise
  • Use of a powered stretcher

Question 150

Question
Abdominal strength can help reduce back injuries. The best way to increase core strength​ is:
Answer
  • jogging
  • jumping jacks.
  • abdominal crunches.
  • sit-ups

Question 151

Question
If you are not sure you can handle a particular lifting or moving​ situation, you​ should:
Answer
  • take yourself out of service.
  • get help from other rescuers.
  • warm up first.
  • ask bystanders to assist you.

Question 152

Question
When lifting a patient who is on your wheeled​ cot, you​ should:
Answer
  • lift with your palms up.
  • lift with your palms down.
  • lock your knees and bend your back prior to lifting.
  • lift with one palm up and one down.

Question 153

Question
Calls involving what issue are typically challenging for most emergency medical services​ (EMS) providers?
Answer
  • Elderly patients
  • Traumatic injuries
  • Death and dying
  • Refusals

Question 154

Question
The​ "denial" stage of grief is characterized​ by:
Answer
  • ​"why me?"
  • "but I​ haven't."
  • ​"not me."
  • ​"I'm not​ afraid."

Question 155

Question
Which statement or question characterizes the anger stage of​ grief?
Answer
  • ​"First let​ me."
  • "Not me."
  • ​"I'm not​ afraid."
  • "Why me?"

Question 156

Question
During which stage of grief will the family likely need more support than the​ patient?
Answer
  • Bargaining
  • Acceptance
  • Anger
  • Denial

Question 157

Question
The additional stress from exposure to​ death, which paramedics encounter much more frequently than other people​ do, can lead​ to:
Answer
  • denial of the event.
  • an increased ability to deal with death without outside support.
  • an increased sense of reverence toward the event.
  • a cumulative sense of overload.

Question 158

Question
A stimulus that causes stress is known as​ a(n):
Answer
  • hardship
  • insult
  • stressor
  • event

Question 159

Question
The U.S. Surgeon General once estimated that​ stress-related diseases kill approximately what percentage of people who die of nontraumatic​ causes?
Answer
  • 80
  • 50
  • 30
  • 95

Question 160

Question
What are the three physiologic phases of the stress​ response?
Answer
  • Alarm, resistance, and exhaustion
  • Distress, alarm, and recovery
  • Distress, eustress, and recovery
  • Resistance, alarm, and recovery

Question 161

Question
​Exercising, eating a healthy​ diet, using relaxation​ techniques, and reframing thoughts are all ways of​ managing:
Answer
  • stress
  • cancer
  • critical infections.
  • anorexia

Question 162

Question
Defensive response strategies to stress can​ include:
Answer
  • problem solving.
  • denial or distortion of the situational reality.
  • multiple option determination.
  • confrontation of the stressor

Question 163

Question
In emergency medical services​ (EMS) and​ life, you have the ability to choose how to treat your body in regard to​ diet, exercise, and stress management. As​ such, in doing​ so, you must realize that every health choice​ has:
Answer
  • only positive outcomes.
  • some amount of negative outcomes.
  • outcomes that will be immediately realized
  • outcomes and consequences.

Question 164

Question
Which mechanism is not recognized as a method for adapting to​ stress?
Answer
  • Developing​ problem-solving skills
  • Coping mechanisms
  • Guilt
  • Defensive strategies

Question 165

Question
Post-traumatic stress disorder​ (PTSD) is:
Answer
  • often seen in individuals who have not actually been exposed to traumatic events.
  • an emotional disability that primarily affects accident survivors.
  • not generally considered to be a cause of anxiety.
  • a possible outcome of recurrent and unmitigated stress.

Question 166

Question
Which of these is NOT a symptom of​ post-traumatic stress disorder​ (PTSD)?
Answer
  • Physical reactions whenever something reminds the person of the​ event(s).
  • Unwanted and distressing memories of the traumatic​ event(s).
  • An uncontrollable desire to return to the place of the​ event(s).
  • Disturbing or intrusive flashbacks of the​ event(s).

Question 167

Question
An organization that raises awareness about​ post-traumatic stress disorder​ (PTSD) specifically in the emergency medical services​ (EMS) community​ is:
Answer
  • the Code Green Campaign.
  • the Fellowship of Paramedics International​ (FPI)
  • Operation Homecoming.
  • the American Psychiatric Association​ (APA).

Question 168

Question
Why has the concept of Critical Incident Stress Management​ (CISM) been all but abandoned in emergency medical services​ (EMS)?
Answer
  • The evidence showed that it was potentially harmful to participants.
  • Industry support for EMS provider mental health resources has waned.
  • It was replaced by the critical incident stress debriefing​ (CISD) process.
  • Most agencies now use the stress management protocols outlined in the National Incident Management System.

Question 169

Question
When rescuers are working together as a team to lift a​ patient:
Answer
  • all rescuers should lift and twist at the same time.
  • only one person should be in charge of verbal commands.
  • all rescuers should hold their breath during the lift process.
  • no rescuer should bend the knees more than 90 degrees.

Question 170

Question
Proper lifting​ techniques:
Answer
  • are best developed by individual trial and error.
  • should ideally be taught by and practiced with a seasoned emergency medical services​ (EMS) educator or trainer.
  • cannot be utilized by a provider with bad knees.
  • rely most heavily on strong back muscles.

Question 171

Question
The person who drives the ambulance should understand which basic​ principle?
Answer
  • Use lights and sirens at all times when driving on a congested road.
  • Follow the ambulance escort as closely as possible to avoid losing the lead vehicle in traffic.
  • Park as close to the victim as possible when responding to a roadway incident.
  • Know how to manage an intersection in which traffic is moving in several directions.

Question 172

Question
Which​ factor(s) seem to contribute to ambulance​ crashes?
Answer
  • Increased braking distances of modern ambulances
  • The least trained and experienced person typically drives
  • Less responsive steering in modern ambulances
  • All of the above

Question 173

Question
A hypothesis​ is:
Answer
  • the ability to generalize your results.
  • a statement of exactly what your study will answer.
  • what you want to measure.
  • the group you draw your subjects from.

Question 174

Question
Research has proven that a certain treatments actually improve​ morbidity, mortality, or quality of life for the patient. This is known​ as:
Answer
  • anecdotal data.
  • inconclusive research.
  • qualitative research.
  • outcomes-based research.

Question 175

Question
You submit an emergency medical services​ (EMS) article for publication and are told it must first be reviewed by other EMS professionals for quality and accuracy. This is known​ as:
Answer
  • word smithing.
  • the​ peer-review process.
  • grammatical editing.
  • editorial review.

Question 176

Question
Quantitative research expresses phenomena​ in:
Answer
  • images
  • opinions
  • numbers
  • words

Question 177

Question
Future changes in emergency medical services​ (EMS) procedures,​ techniques, and equipment must be evaluated to prove they make a positive difference prior to​ implementation; this aspect of EMS is known​ as:
Answer
  • research
  • scientific method.
  • quality assurance.
  • peer review.

Question 178

Question
What is one hallmark of the emergency medical services​ (EMS) profession?
Answer
  • The ability to attain knowledge through study or practice.
  • The ability to change practices and procedures based on evolving research.
  • The ability to analyze results and draw conclusions.
  • The ability to obtain funding for EMS research from the government.

Question 179

Question
What is most essential to ensuring that the best possible patient care is provided in the prehospital and​ out-of-hospital setting?
Answer
  • Research
  • Certifications
  • Adequate funding
  • Quality assurance program

Question 180

Question
In the​ evidence-based approach, once a practice has been​ changed, ongoing evaluation must be carried out to​ determine:
Answer
  • if paramedics are willing to learn and implement the change.
  • if emergency medical services​ (EMS) systems want to implement the change.
  • whether the practice is correctly applied to the proper group of patients.
  • if patients will comply with the change.

Question 181

Question
The National Emergency Medical Services​ (EMS) Research Agenda was published​ by:
Answer
  • National Association of EMS Educators​ (NAEMSE).
  • United States Department of Transportation​ (USDOT).
  • Federal Emergency Management Agency​ (FEMA).
  • National Highway Traffic Safety Administration​ (NHTSA)

Question 182

Question
Which of the following was NOT a conclusion identified in the National EMS Research​ Agenda?
Answer
  • Researchers with extensive careers should be sought and funded.
  • The need for research in EMS should be recognized.
  • Relationships should be developed between emergency medical services​ (EMS) researchers and economists
  • Ethical research should be enhanced in EMS.

Question 183

Question
According to the National EMS Research​ Agenda, researchers must have access to what type of data in order to improve prehospital patient care.
Answer
  • Electronic patient care reports
  • Census data
  • Patient outcome information
  • Educational standards

Question 184

Question
The National EMS Research Agenda recommends the use of what process when evaluating technical advances in​ out-of-hospital care.
Answer
  • Observations
  • Scientific methodology
  • Protocols
  • Operating procedures

Question 185

Question
The​ reliable, consistent, and nonarbitrary components of a research​ project, used to explore observations and answer​ questions, are known collectively​ as:
Answer
  • the scientific method.
  • statistics
  • objectivity
  • engineering design process.

Question 186

Question
Which is not a step of the research process as it relates to the scientific method of research for emergency medical services​ (EMS)?
Answer
  • Poll others in the EMS field for their opinions
  • State the hypothesis or a precise question
  • Set up an experiment to test a hypothesis
  • Do background research on the subject

Question 187

Question
In the scientific​ method, the first step is to observe something and ask questions about it. This step is followed by which​ step?
Answer
  • Getting published
  • Stating a hypothesis
  • Testing the hypothesis
  • Doing background research​ (literature review)

Question 188

Question
Which step of the scientific method needs to occur if your hypothesis is found to be​ incorrect?
Answer
  • Collect data
  • Construct a hypothesis
  • Ask questions
  • Revise the hypothesis

Question 189

Question
Research that produces findings not arrived at by means of statistical procedures or other means of quantification is known​ as:
Answer
  • qualitative
  • prospective
  • quantitative
  • retrospective

Question 190

Question
Which type of study would be conducted if the researcher wants to study a behavior in more than one​ context?
Answer
  • Prospective research
  • Quantitative research
  • Mixed research
  • Qualitative research

Question 191

Question
Which type of study would have both prospective and retrospective​ components?
Answer
  • A mixed study
  • A qualitative study
  • A​ now-and-then study
  • A​ before-and-after study

Question 192

Question
An emergency medical services​ (EMS) researcher wants to determine whether the rate of​ drug-related calls has been increasing over the past 10 years. This researcher should conduct what kind of​ study?
Answer
  • Qualitative
  • Retrospective
  • Mixed
  • Prospective

Question 193

Question
An emergency medical services​ (EMS) researcher wants to assimilate all the available data related to the use of endotracheal intubation in children during prehospital care. What type of study will the researcher need to​ conduct?
Answer
  • Cohort study
  • Meta-analysis
  • Case report
  • Randomized controlled trial

Question 194

Question
An emergency medical services​ (EMS) researcher is conducting a study in which some patients in need of analgesia are treated with acetaminophen and some are treated with both acetaminophen and ibuprofen. Treatment with acetaminophen alone is the current institutional​ protocol, so patients in this group are the control​ group; patients receiving both acetaminophen and ibuprofen are the treatment group. Patients are randomly assigned a​ group, and neither group of patients knows their group designation. The​ researcher, however, is aware of which patients belong to which group. Based on this​ information, which study type is being​ used?
Answer
  • Double blind study type
  • Single blind study type
  • Nonrandomized controlled trial study type
  • Cohort study type

Question 195

Question
Which type of research is scientific research at its most basic​ level?
Answer
  • Animal research
  • Nonrandomized controlled trials
  • Randomized controlled trials
  • Bench research

Question 196

Question
What type of research has the highest level of​ evidence?
Answer
  • Randomized controlled trial
  • Clinical observation
  • Descriptive studies
  • Expert opinion

Question 197

Question
What is the purpose of an institutional review board​ (IRB)?
Answer
  • To review the credentials of researchers taking part in the project
  • To approve the study for journal publication
  • To verify the accuracy of research findings
  • To ensure the protection of human subjects in research

Question 198

Question
Which document regarding research identifies the​ following: respect for the​ individual, ability of the subject to make an informed decision about participating in the​ research, and assurance by the researcher that the​ patient's safety will be​ protected?
Answer
  • Nuremburg Code of 1947
  • Geneva Convention
  • Tuskegee Accord
  • Helsinki Declaration

Question 199

Question
Overall, research is now a much safer endeavor and has provided many of the advancements in modern medical​ care; however:
Answer
  • there is a much lower risk to the general population since volunteer prisoners are commonly used.
  • there is still a potential for harm in many studies.
  • all study information is not yet available in the Belmont Report.
  • prehospital care has yet to fully benefit.

Question 200

Question
In the United​ States, informed consent is​ required:
Answer
  • for all medical experiments except emergency medical services​ (EMS).
  • for some medical experiments.
  • only for EMS related experiments.
  • for all medical experiments.
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