Question 1
Question
Acute respiratory failure (ARF) is not a diagnosis.
Question 2
Question
Which of the following PO2 & PCO2 values would be indicative of ARF? (Choose all that apply)
Answer
-
PO2: 80 mmHg
-
PCO2: 80 mmHg
-
PO2: 55 mmHg
-
PCO2: 55 mmHg
-
PCO2: 30
Question 3
Question
Which of the following signs and/or symptoms are NOT shared by both hypoxemia and hypercapnia:
(select all that apply)
Answer
-
cyanosis
-
tachypnea
-
AMS
-
asterixis
Question 4
Question
For pts with chronic hypercapnia, a [blank_start]low-flow O2[blank_end] may be used to avoid [blank_start]hypoventilation[blank_end].
Answer
-
low-flow O2
-
high-flow O2
-
hypoventilation
-
hyperventilation
Question 5
Question
Which of the following ventilatory supports would be most appropriate for a patient w/ an acute lung injury, ARDS, and/or severe hypoexmia?
Answer
-
NPPV (CPAP or BiPAP)
-
Intubation
-
Non-rebreather mask
-
Nasal cannula
Question 6
Question
Which of the following might be considered indications for intubation?
(select all that apply)
Answer
-
inability to clear secretions
-
mental status decline
-
respiratory acidosis
-
fatigue, tachypnea, and accessory muscle use
Question 7
Question
Which of the following may be a complication of mechanical ventilation?
Question 8
Question
Deliberate hypoventilation to avoid barotrauma - even to the point of hypercapnia - is permissible when using mechanical ventilation.
Question 9
Question
Which of the following need be of concern when a pt is on mechanical ventilation? (select all that apply)
Answer
-
minimizing sedatives, hypnotics, and/or opiates
-
DVT prophylaxis
-
decubitus ulcers
-
avoidance of hypokalemia and/or hypophosphatemia
Question 10
Question
Which of the following is the strongest predisposing factor to asthma?
Answer
-
obesity
-
genetic predisposition
-
male
-
female
-
atopy (atopic syndrome)
Question 11
Question
Which of the following may trigger an asthma exacerbation? (select all that apply)
Answer
-
Weather
-
Exercise
-
GERD
-
NSAIDs
-
Menstruation
Question 12
Question
Which of the following may be signs and/or symptoms of asthma? (select all that apply)
Question 13
Question
Which of the following are common findings in diagnosing asthma? (select all that apply)
Question 14
Question
"Control" of asthma is expressed in terms of impairments and risks.
Question 15
Question
The most effective treatment for long-term control of asthma is:
Answer
-
SABA
-
LABA
-
ICS
-
Leukotriene modifiers
-
Exercise
Question 16
Question
Which of the following is/are best used to treat exercise-induced asthma?
Question 17
Question
Which of the following is the best treatment for short-term control (quick relief) of asthma sxs?
Answer
-
SABAs
-
LABAs
-
ICS
-
Anticholinergics
-
Systemic corticosteroids
Question 18
Question
Anticholinergics (e.g. ipratropium) are best used in conjunction with systemic corticosteroids.
Question 19
Question
An asthmatic suffering from an acute exacerbation may commonly have a normal to below normal respiration rate.
Question 20
Question
Types of COPD include: 1) [blank_start]Chronic Bronchitis[blank_end] (the blue bloater) characterized by excessive secretions and daily productive cough, and 2) [blank_start]Emphysema[blank_end] (the pink puffer) characterized by abnormal airspace enlargement distal to terminal bronchiole w/ wall destruction.
Answer
-
Chronic Bronchitis
-
Emphysema
-
Asthma
-
ARF
-
ARDS
-
Chronic Bronchitis
-
Emphysema
-
Asthma
-
ARF
-
ARDS
Question 21
Question
80% of COPD is caused by tobacco smoking.
Question 22
Question
An uncommon cause of COPD in a young, non-smoker may be related to:
Question 23
Question
Late stages of COPD may include:
Question 24
Question
Common COPD findings:
(select all that apply)
Answer
-
PFT: increased FEV1/FVC
-
EKG: multifocal atrial tachycardia
-
CXR: flattening of diaphragm
-
ECHO: pulmonary HTN
-
ABG: respiratory alkalosis (chronic hypocapnia)
Question 25
Question
In COPD, daily oxygen use is positively correlated with longer survival rates, reduced hospitalizations, and better quality of life.
Question 26
Question
Common COPD treatment(s):
(select all that apply)
Question 27
Question
Possible signs of Obstructive Sleep Apnea (OSA) include:
(select all that apply)
Answer
-
HTN
-
Pulm HTN
-
Cor Pulmonale
-
Erythropenia
-
Nasal obstruction
Question 28
Question
Which of the following are real surgical procedures used to tx OSA?
(select all that apply)
Question 29
Question
Community-acquired pneumonia is the most deadly infectious disease in the U.S.
Question 30
Question
All of the following are considered risk factors for CAP, EXCEPT:
Question 31
Question
Because the clearing of lung infiltrates in CAP may take 6 weeks or longer, there is no need to repeat a CXR unless a pt is not doing well clinically.
Question 32
Question
Hospital (or Health Care) Associated Pneumonia typically develops within 48 hours of admission.
Question 33
Question
Most common cause of HCA PNA:
Answer
-
S. pneumo
-
P. aeruginosa
-
K. pneumoniae
-
H. flu
-
Adenovirus
Question 34
Question
Which of the following is an empiric tx for MRSA?
Question 35
Question
Aspiration PNA is most commonly associated w/ aerobic bacterial infections.
Question 36
Question
Foul-smelling sputum in PNA is classically associated w/
Answer
-
anaerobic bacteria
-
aerobic bacteria
-
dental abscesses
-
empyema
-
TB
Question 37
Question
Pulmonary infection often associated with HIV pts:
Answer
-
Mycobacteria
-
Pneumocystis Pneumonia
-
Aspergillus
-
SARS
Question 38
Question
Mycoplasma tuberculosis (TB) is the most common infectious cause of death in the world.
Question 39
Question
TB is eradicated in 95% of cases in which the host is not immunocompromised.
Question 40
Question
Which of the following statements is NOT accurate regarding TB:
Answer
-
Latent TB can still be transmitted to others in blood and plasma
-
TB has a 50% reactivation rate in pts w/ HIV
-
90% of adult TB is activation of latent TB
-
Extrapulmonary TB is common in HIV
-
Drug resistance is a major problem
Question 41
Question
Which of the following is NOT commonly associated w/ TB:
Answer
-
calcified hilar nodules (latent)
-
Ghon and Ranke complexes (latent)
-
infiltrates in lower areas of lungs (active)
-
hilar LAD (active)
-
miliary pattern w/ hematogenous spread (active)
Question 42
Question
Routine TB skin tests in low-risk persons is not generally recommended.
Question 43
Question
The tuberculin skin test identifies infected individuals but does not differentiate between active and latent infection.
Question 44
Question
TB skin tests are read by measuring:
Question 45
Question
It may take up to 10 weeks for an immune response to develop to TB infection.
Question 46
Question
Which of the following TB skin test induration measurements would be considered positive: (select any that apply)
Question 47
Question
Pyridoxine (vit. B-6) is given in TB tx to decrease the neurological side effects
Question 48
Question
TB may migrate to all areas of the body, including the brain, heart, bones, muscles, and lymph nodes.
Question 49
Question
Treatment of latent TB usually involves:
Question 50
Question
The BCG vaccine is not given in the U.S.