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Sociology Final

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all possible questions of final
acaste01
Quiz by acaste01, updated more than 1 year ago
acaste01
Created by acaste01 over 8 years ago
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Question 1

Question
Social Stratification is a concept that refers to
Answer
  • specialization in productive work
  • ranking categories of people in a hierarchy.
  • the idea that some people are more talented than others
  • All of these responses are correct.

Question 2

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Using the sociological perspective, we see that social stratification
Answer
  • gives some people more privileges and opportunities than others
  • places everyone on a level playing field
  • ensures that hard work will lead people to become wealthy

Question 3

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A caste system is defined as
Answer
  • social stratification based on ascription, or birth.
  • social stratification based on personal achievement
  • a meritocracy

Question 4

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the concept "meritocracy" refers to social stratification
Answer
  • with no social mobility
  • in which people "know their place"
  • based entirely on personal merits
  • as found in the United States

Question 5

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The degree of status consistency is
Answer
  • higher in caste than class systems
  • the same in all types of social stratification
  • higher in class than caste systems
  • higher the more productive a society is

Question 6

Question
The concept structural social mobility refers to
Answer
  • cultural beliefs that justify social stratification
  • change in social position due to people's own efforts
  • change in the social position of many people due to changes in the society itself
  • change in family's social position from one generation to the next

Question 7

Question
Ideology, or cultural beliefs that support social stratification, is found in
Answer
  • caste systems
  • class systems
  • both class and caste systems
  • only U.S. society

Question 8

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According to the Davis-Moore thesis
Answer
  • complete equality is functional for everyday society
  • the more inequality a society has the more productive it is.
  • more important jobs must provide enough rewards to attract the talent necessary to perform them
  • meritocracy is less productive than a caste system

Question 9

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According to Karl Marx, social stratification in a capitalist society always involves
Answer
  • class conflict
  • negotiation and compromise leading to stability
  • the abolition of work itself
  • all of these responses are correct

Question 10

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Weber claimed that agrarian societies gives special importance to which dimension of social equality?
Answer
  • economic class
  • social prestige or honor
  • power
  • control of information

Question 11

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the concept "conspicuous consumption" refers to
Answer
  • buying things that are popular with the most people
  • buying more than what you need for the moment
  • the practice of buying things to make a statement about one's social position
  • acting as if one had a lower social position than is really the case

Question 12

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If you follow the lead of Max Weber, you would think of social stratification in terms of
Answer
  • a multidimensional status hierarchy
  • two major social classes
  • a middle-class society
  • six different social classes

Question 13

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Relative poverty
Answer
  • is found everywhere
  • is life threatening
  • is not found in the United States
  • All of the responses are correct

Question 14

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The concept "feminization of poverty" refers to the fact that, in the United States
Answer
  • more and more women are becoming poor
  • today's women have fewer legal rights
  • women make up an increasing percentage of the poor
  • fewer women work now for income

Question 15

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High-income nations
Answer
  • are the forefront of the Information Revolution
  • make use of factories, big machinery, and advanced technology
  • contain almost all the world's financial markets
  • All of these answers are correct

Question 16

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Absolute Poverty is
Answer
  • most common in large nations such as the United States
  • the same as relative poverty
  • life threatening
  • found only in the poorest nations

Question 17

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Which type of slavery refers to one person owning another?
Answer
  • Chattel slavery
  • child slavery
  • debt bondage
  • servile forms of marriage

Question 18

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Which type of slavery consists of employers holding workers accountable by paying them to little to cover their debts?
Answer
  • chattel slavery
  • child slavery
  • debt bondage
  • servile forms of marriage

Question 19

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The concept of "colonialism" refers to the process by which
Answer
  • rich nations share advanced technology with poor countries
  • some nations enrich themselves through political and economic control of others
  • poor nations force an end to control by other nations
  • companies operate in many countries at one time

Question 20

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The concept of "neocolonialism" refers to the process by which
Answer
  • countries gain new colonies to replace older ones
  • countries rid themselves of former colonies
  • multinational corporations exploit the economy of a poor country
  • companies operate in many countries at one time

Question 21

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Modernization theory claims that
Answer
  • poor nations can never become rich in today's world
  • the main causes of poverty involve culture and technology
  • the main causes of poverty include multinational corporations
  • most poor nations were richer in the past

Question 22

Question
According to Walt Rostow nations begin at the _______ stage of development and may eventually reach the stage of _______.
Answer
  • drive to technological maturity; take -off
  • traditional; high mass consumption
  • high mass consumption; take-off
  • take-off; drive to technological maturity

Question 23

Question
Dependency theory differs from modernization theory by
Answer
  • making poor nations responsible for their own fate
  • supporting capitalism as a path to development
  • explaining global inequality in terms of the exploitation of poor countries by rich countries
  • claiming that economic development is not a desirable goal

Question 24

Question
The modernization theory focuses on ________, dependency theory focuses_________
Answer
  • poor nations; rich nations
  • the future; the past
  • production of wealth; distribution of wealth
  • All of these responses are correct.

Question 25

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The concept of gender refers to
Answer
  • the degree of inequality between men and women in a society
  • the secondary sex characteristics of individuals
  • the personal traits and social positions that members of a society attach to being female or male
  • patterns of sexual orientation

Question 26

Question
On average young men show greater _________ ability than young women; young women show greater _________ ability than young men.
Answer
  • intellectual; sensory
  • mathematical; verbal
  • verbal; mathematical
  • sensory; intellectual

Question 27

Question
Which of the following concepts refers to social organization in which males dominate females?
Answer
  • patriarchy
  • matriarchy
  • monarchy
  • oligarchy

Question 28

Question
Which of the following factors has helped increase the share of women in the paid labor force over the course of the last century?
Answer
  • the increase in the number of people working on farms
  • a high divorce rate
  • the increasing size of U.S. families
  • the fact that working women earn more than working men

Question 29

Question
The concept of "glass ceiling" refers to
Answer
  • the barrier that prevents women from being promoted
  • the fact that women's dreams are easily broken
  • the fact that cleaning the home is all most women do
  • the barrier that keeps women in service work

Question 30

Question
The "beauty myth" refers to the idea that
Answer
  • women learn to measure their personal importance in terms of physical appearance
  • beauty is in the eye of the beholder
  • women prefer men who are physically attractive
  • women today are as physically attractive as today's men are

Question 31

Question
What is a reason to see women as a minority in the United States?
Answer
  • at every class level, women have less income, wealth, education, and power than men do
  • almost all women see themselves as a minority
  • in the United States, men out number women
  • all of the responses are correct

Question 32

Question
Sexual harassment is an important social issue because
Answer
  • it actually targets men more often than women
  • half of working women report receiving unwanted sexual attention
  • it almost always involves blatant threats
  • all of these responses are correct

Question 33

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Structural-functional analysis points out that industrialization encourages
Answer
  • men to take control of the workplace
  • growing gender equality
  • women to have more children
  • All of these responses are correct

Question 34

Question
Feminists support all but one of the following. Which is the statement that feminists do not support?
Answer
  • ending gender stratification
  • ending sexual violence
  • weakening the importance of gender in people's lives
  • limiting sexual freedom

Question 35

Question
Sociologists define the concept of "race" as
Answer
  • people who fall into any minority category
  • a person's skin color
  • a cultural heritage shared by a category of people
  • a socially constructed category composed of people who share biologically transmitted traits that members of a society consider important

Question 36

Question
Why do sociologists consider the "scientific" racial types of Caucasian, Mongoloid, and Negroid to be misleading and even harmful?
Answer
  • Every society's population contains a lot of genetic mixture
  • Various racial categories are genetically very much alike
  • The skin color of Caucasian people ranges from very light to very dark
  • All of these responses are correct

Question 37

Question
Which of the following concepts refers to a shared cultural heritage?
Answer
  • race
  • minority
  • ethnicity
  • stereotype

Question 38

Question
Race refers to ________ considered important by a society; ethnicity refers to ________.
Answer
  • cultural traits; biological traits
  • biological traits; cultural traits
  • differences; what we have in common
  • what we have in common; differences

Question 39

Question
Which of the following concepts refers to a category of people, distinguished by physical or cultural traits, who are socially disadvantaged?
Answer
  • minority
  • ethnic category
  • racial category
  • out-group

Question 40

Question
You are expressing a "stereotype" if you
Answer
  • make any generalization about anyone
  • apply a simplified description to every person in some category
  • hold an opinion about someone based on personal experience
  • treat everybody in an unkind way

Question 41

Question
Scapegoat theory state stat prejudice is created by
Answer
  • cultural beliefs
  • high levels of immigration
  • frustration among disadvantaged people
  • people with rigid personalities

Question 42

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Conflict theory states that prejudice is
Answer
  • a tool used by powerful people to oppress others
  • built in to culture itself
  • common among immigrants
  • common among certain people with rigid personalities

Question 43

Question
While prejudice is a mater of ______, discrimination is a matter of _______.
Answer
  • biology;culture
  • attitude; action
  • choice; social structure
  • abnormality; what a society considers normal

Question 44

Question
Assimilation refers to the process by which
Answer
  • people become more tolerant of minorities
  • minorities gradually adopt patterns of the dominant culture
  • all minority categories become more equal in social standing
  • people regain their lost cultural heritage

Question 45

Question
What Gunnar Mydral called the "American dilemma" was
Answer
  • the denial of basic rights to African Americans by a so-called "democratic society"
  • the placing of Native Americans on reservations
  • the restriction of immigration by a nation that was built by immigrants
  • the refusal of many minorities to improve their social standing

Question 46

Question
The family is a social institution that is found in
Answer
  • most, but not all, societies
  • about half of human societies in the world today
  • high-income nations, but not in most low-income nations
  • every society

Question 47

Question
The U.S. Census Bureau defines the "family" as
Answer
  • people who live together
  • people who engage in economic cooperation
  • people living together who are linked by birth, marriage, or adoption
  • people who consider themselves to be a family

Question 48

Question
A family that includes parents, children and other kin is called
Answer
  • a nuclear family
  • an extended family
  • a family of affinity
  • a conjugal family

Question 49

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The concept "endogamy" refers to marriage between
Answer
  • people of the same sex
  • people of different social categories
  • people of the same social category
  • people related by birth

Question 50

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The incest taboo
Answer
  • exists only in industrial societies
  • is found in all societies
  • is found among all living species
  • all of these responses are correct

Question 51

Question
In the United States, romantic love
Answer
  • is the reason most people expect to marry
  • is not a very stable foundation for marriage
  • may contribute to a high divorce rate
  • All of these responses are correct
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