Repeating [blank_start]ostinati[blank_end]/riffs in lots of parts – e.g. opening 3 crotchets in bass part and an accented [blank_start]quaver[blank_end] pattern (bar )
[blank_start]Imitation[blank_end] between some parts
Uses [blank_start]Tritone[blank_end] motif – e.g. on ‘soon as it shows’
Appoggiaturas – accented dissonances
Accompanying [blank_start]riffs[blank_end] are ‘unifying force’ in piece.
Combination of short snappy phrases and long sustained notes
Melody is mostly [blank_start]syllabic[blank_end]
Answer
ostinati
quaver
crotchet
Imitation
Tritone
riffs
syllabic
Question 2
Question
Opening time signature is [blank_start]3 -4[blank_end] – but sometimes [blank_start]cross rhythms[blank_end] make it feel like [blank_start]6-8[blank_end]. Later changes to [blank_start]2 4[blank_end] – regularly swapping between the two
Syncopated/pushed entries such as ‘could be’ give a sense of anticipation
Fast song – crotchet = [blank_start]176[blank_end]
Feel of [blank_start]one[blank_end] in a bar
See also Ostinato ideas above
Triplets – e.g. bar 76
Rhythms give a [blank_start]Latin American[blank_end] dance feel
Cross rhythms can be heard in the accompaniment at the start.
Answer
3 -4
6-8
2 4
176
200
one
two
Latin American
cross rhythms
Question 3
Question
Nearly all [blank_start]melody[blank_end] dominated [blank_start]homophony[blank_end] – no counterpoint to distract from the vocal line.
That said, the [blank_start]accompaniment[blank_end] is made from lots of ‘[blank_start]layers[blank_end]’ (ostinati/riffs)
Answer
melody
homophony
layers
accompaniment
Question 4
Question
Tonality
Clearly [blank_start]tonal[blank_end], despite [blank_start]dissonances[blank_end]
[blank_start]D[blank_end] major – reflects the [blank_start]happy emotion[blank_end]
Modulates to [blank_start]C[blank_end] major in bar 31 – (although with [blank_start]F#[blank_end]s in bass creates a [blank_start]bitonal[blank_end] effect – or they could be considered [blank_start]blues[blank_end] notes) – this is a distant key
Bar 70 back to D [blank_start]major[blank_end]
Back to [blank_start]C/G[blank_end] major in 97-98
Does finish on a [blank_start]C natural[blank_end] – could be regarded as a blue note - or a deliberate sense of [blank_start]in-completion[blank_end]
Answer
tonal
atonal
dissonances
D
C
F#
bitonal
blues
major
C/G
C natural
in-completion
happy emotion
Question 5
Question
Harmony
Uses [blank_start]Tritone[blank_end] – e.g. in opening chord – makes music sound unpredictable
[blank_start]Jazz[blank_end] based harmony (conventional chords have added [blank_start]blue notes[blank_end] and [blank_start]dissonances[blank_end]) – e.g. in bar 1 and 2
Frequent [blank_start]7th[blank_end] chords
Neapolitan 6th chord – bar 90
[blank_start]Perfect[blank_end] cadence in 97-98
Answer
Tritone
Jazz
Rock
blue notes
dissonances
7th
9th
suspended
Perfect
Imperfect
Plagal
Question 6
Question
Structure
Early in show ([blank_start]3rd[blank_end] number) – solo for [blank_start]Tony[blank_end] – he’s imagining a better future for himself.
Solo/Aria
[blank_start]Intro[blank_end]
[blank_start]Section A[blank_end]
[blank_start]Section B[blank_end]
[blank_start]Section B1[blank_end]
[blank_start]Section A1[blank_end]
[blank_start]Outro[blank_end]
Answer
3rd
1st
4th
Tony
Romeo
Intro
Alap
Section A
Section B
Section B1
Section A2
Section A1
Section B2
Section A3
Outro
Question 7
Question
Instrumentation/Word setting/Timbre
[blank_start]Solo[blank_end] for Tony (Tenor) – sounds [blank_start]8ve[blank_end] [blank_start]lower[blank_end] than written
Clnt and sax, [blank_start]2[blank_end] horns, [blank_start]3[blank_end] trmpts, 2 [blank_start]trmbones[blank_end], [blank_start]7[blank_end] violins, 4 [blank_start]celllos[blank_end], 2 double basses, drum kit + 2 other [blank_start]percussionists[blank_end], piano and guitar (electric and acoustic) – approx [blank_start]30[blank_end] players.
Word setting is [blank_start]syllabic[blank_end]
Accompaniment in bars 1 – 15 are [blank_start]clarinets[blank_end] (inc bass clnt) and pizz strings, supported by a busy [blank_start]drum[blank_end] part
[blank_start]Muted[blank_end] trumpets in 17 – 28
[blank_start]Brass[blank_end] added in 52 for louder section
In 2nd bridge, nigh violins illustrate the words ‘the air is [blank_start]humming[blank_end]’ – with [blank_start]tremolo[blank_end] and harmonics.
[blank_start]Wire brushes[blank_end] on drums, mutes for trumpets so not to overpower the singer
Tony has strongly contrasting [blank_start]dynamics[blank_end]
[blank_start]Word painting[blank_end] e.g. on ‘Cannon balling down through the sky’
Some sections require a very quiet [blank_start]whispered[blank_end] tone.