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Molecular Genetics

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Quiz on Molecular Genetics, created by Nadia Siddique on 17/01/2016.
Nadia Siddique
Quiz by Nadia Siddique, updated more than 1 year ago
Nadia Siddique
Created by Nadia Siddique almost 9 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
The first step in the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is
Answer
  • Denaturation
  • Cooling
  • Annealing
  • Primer extension

Question 2

Question
In a polymerase chain reaction, a synthetic sequence of nucleotides are involved in
Answer
  • Denaturing
  • Heating
  • Cooling
  • Copying
  • All of the above

Question 3

Question
Bacteria protect themselves from viruses by fragmenting viral DNA upon entry with
Answer
  • Ligases
  • Endonucleases
  • Methylases
  • Vectors
  • Probes

Question 4

Question
When "sticky ends" are paired, they can be joined by
Answer
  • Restriction Enzymes
  • pSC101
  • Methylases
  • X-gal
  • DNA ligase

Question 5

Question
One of the most useful methods for identifying a specific gene is
Answer
  • Western blot
  • Southern blot
  • Eastern blot
  • Magnetic resonance imaging
  • Thin chromatography

Question 6

Question
The Polymerase Chain Reaction is used to:
Answer
  • amplify a small amount of DNA
  • cleave bacterial plasmids
  • seal "sticky ends"
  • identify target plasmids
  • none of the above

Question 7

Question
When tryptophan is present in the medium, the transcription of tryptophan producing genes in E. coli is stopped by a helix-turn-helix regulator binding to the
Answer
  • trp repressor
  • trp operon
  • trp promoter
  • trp operator
  • trp polymerase

Question 8

Question
When tryptophan is present in the environment of E. coli, the tryptophan binds to the
Answer
  • trp operon
  • trp promoter
  • trp operator
  • trp repressor
  • trp polymerase

Question 9

Question
The operon that controls tryptophan producing genes in E. coli consists of _______________
Answer
  • activator
  • regulator
  • promoter
  • operator
  • repressor

Question 10

Question
In order for a gene to be transcribed, RNA polymerase must have access to the DNA helix and be able to bind to the genes
Answer
  • activator
  • regulator
  • promoter
  • operator
  • repressor

Question 11

Question
In the function of the lac operon in E. coli, the lac genes are transcribed in the presence of lactose because
Answer
  • RNA polymerase binds to the operator
  • the repressor cannot bind to the promoter
  • an isomer of lactose binds to the repressor
  • CAP does not bind to the operator
  • of the absence of cAMP

Question 12

Question
The role of methylation of DNA is now viewed as
Answer
  • interfering with DNA transcription by blocking base pairing between cytosine and guanine
  • complexing with enhancers to prevent transcription
  • prevention of mutation
  • insuring that genes that are turned off, stay off
  • irrelevant to gene transcription

Question 13

Question
E. coli is able to use foods other than glucose in the absence of available glucose, because falling levels of glucose cause an increase of
Answer
  • cAMP
  • CAP
  • lactase
  • glu operon
  • tRNA

Question 14

Question
In the absence of glucose, E. coli can import lactose to change into glucose and galactose because CAP binds to the
Answer
  • cAMP
  • DNA
  • lac operon
  • operator
  • repressor

Question 15

Question
Which is not part of the lac operon?
Answer
  • repressor
  • activator protein
  • operator
  • promoter
  • structural gene

Question 16

Question
In an operon the location of the regulatory region occurs ________ the structural genes.
Answer
  • after
  • within
  • before

Question 17

Question
Which of the following is part of an operon?
Answer
  • structural genes
  • operator
  • promoter
  • a CAP binding site
  • all of the above

Question 18

Question
Transcription is initiated when RNA polymerase binds to
Answer
  • promoter
  • initiator
  • codon
  • transcriptor

Question 19

Question
In eukaryotes, there are _______________ codons that specify amino acids
Answer
  • 21
  • 24
  • 61
  • 64
  • 100

Question 20

Question
In eukaryotes, the "start" codon also specifies the amino acid,
Answer
  • phenylalanine
  • valine
  • methionine
  • aspartate

Question 21

Question
In transcription, the nucleotide sequence CAT in DNA would specify _______________ in mRNA.
Answer
  • TAC
  • GAU
  • CAT
  • GTU
  • GUA

Question 22

Question
The genetic code consists of groups of three nucleotides called
Answer
  • codons
  • introns
  • anticodons
  • reading frame
  • triplets

Question 23

Question
The function of tRNA is to
Answer
  • provide a site for polypeptide synthesis
  • transport amino acids to the ribosome
  • travel to the ribosome to direct the assembly of polypeptides
  • transcribe DNA
  • translate DNA

Question 24

Question
In the formation of an initiation complex, a _______________ is positioned first.
Answer
  • met-tRNA
  • ser-tRNA
  • tyr-rRNA
  • mval-tRNA
  • cyst-tRNA

Question 25

Question
The function of mRNA is to
Answer
  • provide a site for polypeptide synthesis
  • transport amino acids to the ribosome
  • travel to the ribosome to direct the assembly of polypeptides
  • transcribe DNA
  • translate DNA

Question 26

Question
The process of _______________ cuts introns from the primary transcript and the final "processed" mRNA is produced.
Answer
  • RNA cleaving
  • RNA translocation
  • RNA splicing
  • RNA elongation
  • RNA releasing

Question 27

Question
In the process of translation,
Answer
  • a strand of mRNA is formed with nucleotide sequences complementary to those of DNA
  • nucleotide sequences of tRNA are established
  • a polypeptide is formed in response to the rRNA nucleotide sequence
  • rRNA is synthesized with sequences complementary to those of tRNA
  • a polypeptide is formed as dictated by the nucleotide sequence in mRNA

Question 28

Question
In mRNA, the series of nucleotides CCC specifies
Answer
  • serine
  • proline
  • alanine
  • arginine
  • stop

Question 29

Question
A molecule of tRNA with the anticodon AAA will transport the amino acid
Answer
  • phenylalanine
  • lysine
  • glycine
  • leucine
  • alanine

Question 30

Question
As polypeptides are formed at the ribosome, elongation continues until _______________ is exposed.
Answer
  • a release factor
  • an intron
  • a nonsense codon
  • an exon
  • polypeptidases

Question 31

Question
Which one of the following is not a kind of RNA?
Answer
  • mRNA
  • tRNA
  • rRNA
  • nRNA
  • All of the above are kinds of RNA

Question 32

Question
The direct result of transcription is
Answer
  • a duplicate DNA molecule
  • nRNA
  • protein
  • mRNA
  • none of the above

Question 33

Question
The direct result of translation is
Answer
  • duplicate DNA
  • mRNA
  • protein
  • nRNA (nuclear RNA)
  • none of the above

Question 34

Question
Which one of the following is not associated with transcription?
Answer
  • tRNA
  • mRNA
  • nRNA
  • rRNA
  • all of the above

Question 35

Question
Which one of the following is not associated with translation?
Answer
  • tRNA
  • mRNA
  • rRNA
  • anticodons
  • All are involved with translation

Question 36

Question
According to Chargaff's rule, the following proportion exists in DNA
Answer
  • A=G
  • C=G
  • T=G
  • A>T
  • C>G

Question 37

Question
The actual synthesis of DNA in E. coli is the function of
Answer
  • polymerase I
  • primase
  • primer
  • polymerase III
  • ligase

Question 38

Question
Since the first nucleotides cannot be linked in a newly synthesized strand in DNA replication, ___________ is required.
Answer
  • DNA primer
  • DNA ligase
  • DNA polymerase
  • RNA primer
  • helicase

Question 39

Question
The fact that some viruses use DNA to direct their heredity was demonstrated by
Answer
  • finding radioactive sulfur from a bacteriophage in a bacterium
  • finding radioactive phosphorus from a bacterium in a bacteriophage
  • finding that radioactive phosphorus from a bacteriophage had mutated in bacterium
  • finding radioactive phosphorus from a bacteriophage in a bacterium
  • finding radioactive sulfur from a bacterium in a bacteriophage

Question 40

Question
Okazaki fragments are used to elongate
Answer
  • the leading strand toward the replication fork
  • the lagging strand toward the replication fork
  • both strands in both directions
  • the leading strand away from the replication fork
  • the lagging strand away from the replication fork

Question 41

Question
In nucleic acids, the free hydroxyl group is attached to the _______________ carbon of the sugar.
Answer
  • 5'
  • 4'
  • 3'
  • 2'
  • 1'

Question 42

Question
A single enzyme is specified by a single
Answer
  • gene
  • chromosome
  • nucleosome
  • nucleotide
  • histone

Question 43

Question
In replication of DNA, the helix is opened and untwisted by
Answer
  • ribase
  • primase
  • deoxase
  • helicase
  • ligase

Question 44

Question
_______________ join DNA fragments to the lagging strand
Answer
  • telomeres
  • centromeres
  • helicases
  • ligases
  • polymerases

Question 45

Question
Which statement about the elongation of the lagging strand during DNA replication is correct?
Answer
  • It is synthesized in a 3' --> 5' direction.
  • It progresses (grows) toward the replication fork
  • It requires a short RNA primer to proceed.
  • It is synthesized by DNA ligase
  • It is synthesized continuously

Question 46

Question
If one side of a DNA molecule contains the following sequence of nucleotides, AGTCCG, the complementary sequence on the other side would be:
Answer
  • GCCTGA
  • AGTCCG
  • TCAGGC
  • CTGAAT
  • none of the above

Question 47

Question
During your summer job at Virotech, you isolate a previously unknown virus. Analysis of its genome reveals that it is composed of a double stranded DNA molecule containing 14% T (thymine). Based on this information, what would you predict the %C (cytosine) to be?
Answer
  • 14%
  • 28%
  • 36%
  • 72%
  • can't tell!

Question 48

Question
The process of acquiring a gene from another organism is called transformation.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 49

Question
The Hershey-Chase experiment showed that the virus protein is responsible for directing the production of new viruses.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 50

Question
The two sides of the double helix structure of DNA are held together with hydrogen bonds.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 51

Question
DNA replication is called semiconservative because half of each of the two new strands of DNA is "old" DNA from the original DNA molecule and half is "new" DNA.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 52

Question
Genetic engineering has been used to do all of the following except:
Answer
  • make plants more resistant to frost
  • make plants more resistant to disease
  • make plants more resistant to herbicides
  • improve the nutritional balance of plants
  • all of the above

Question 53

Question
According to Mendel, which of the following cause an organism's size, colour and markings?
Answer
  • Chromosomes
  • Genes
  • Alleles
  • Factors

Question 54

Question
Which term is associated with eukaryotic DNA?
Answer
  • chrosome
  • histone
  • telomere
  • all of the above

Question 55

Question
If 28% of a segment of DNA is composed of guanine, how much of the segment is adenine?
Answer
  • 7%
  • 22%
  • 28%
  • There is no way to determine this.

Question 56

Question
How did the work of Franklin and Wilkins contribute to the discovery of the structure of DNA?
Answer
  • They determined the rule of base pairing
  • They determined that DNA has an X shape
  • They determined the double helix structure
  • They determined that the strands run antiparallel

Question 57

Question
Which of these findings made Watson and Crick confident that their DNA model was correct?
Answer
  • Chargaff's base-pairing ratios
  • Pauling's three-strand model
  • Franklin's early disagreement with the double helix theory
  • All of the above

Question 58

Question
What would have been the results of Meselson and Stahl's experiment if DNA had undergone conservative replication?
Answer
  • one band containing only 14N
  • one band containing only 15N
  • two bands: one of 15N and 14N
  • three bands: one of 15N, one of 14N, and one of 1:1 14N:15N

Question 59

Question
Which characteristics of the structure of DNA results in a lagging strand and a leading strand during DNA replication?
Answer
  • its phosphate backbone
  • its antiparallel strands
  • the ratio of purines to pyrimidines
  • the full twist every ten nucleotides

Question 60

Question
What is the function of DNA ligase in replication?
Answer
  • It initiates a replication bubble
  • It prevents DNA strands from tangling
  • It places nucleotides to form a new DNA strand
  • It fills gaps on the lagging strand

Question 61

Question
Which method do prokaryotes use to compact DNA?
Answer
  • Spooling around a histone
  • Forming a nucleosome
  • Supercoiling
  • Winding into solenoids

Question 62

Question
Where are telomeres located?
Answer
  • At ends of chromosomes
  • On the leading strand
  • At the replication fork
  • On prokaryotic plasmids

Question 63

Question
What is the name of Beadle and Tatum's original hypothesis?
Answer
  • One gene-one sequence hypothesis
  • One gene-one enzyme hypothesis
  • One gene-one peptide hypothesis
  • One gene-one polypeptide hypothesis

Question 64

Question
What is the sequence of information transfer, as outlined by the central dogma?
Answer
  • DNA -> tRNA -> mRNA --> polypeptide
  • DNA -> mRNA -> tRNA --> polypeptide
  • DNA -> mRNA -> rRNA --> polypeptide
  • DNA -> rRNA -> tRNA --> polypeptide

Question 65

Question
Where is the TATA box found?
Answer
  • In the termination sequence that stops DNA polymerase
  • In the termination sequence that stops RNA polymerase
  • In the promoter that enables the binding of DNA polymerase
  • In the promoter that enables the binding of RNA polymerase

Question 66

Question
What happens during capping and tailing?
Answer
  • A methyl 5' tail and poly(A) cap are added
  • A methyl 3' tail and poly(A) cap are added
  • A methyl 5' cap and poly(A) tail are added
  • A methyl 3' cap and poly(A) tail are added

Question 67

Question
How is the lac operon inhibited?
Answer
  • The lac repressor is not synthesized by the lacl gene
  • RNA polymerase is inhibited by high concentrations of allolactase
  • The lac repressor is inhbited by high concentrations of allolactase
  • Allolactase is not present to bind with the lac repressor

Question 68

Question
Which term refers to a point mutation that results in a different amino acid in a particular position?
Answer
  • Missense mutation
  • Silent mutation
  • Nonsense mutation
  • Frameshift mutation

Question 69

Question
What is the molecular tool scientists use to cut a DNA fragment from a larger piece of DNA?
Answer
  • Restriction enzymes
  • DNA primase
  • Methylase
  • DNA ligase

Question 70

Question
After excising a DNA fragment that contains a target gene, what should a molecular biologist do?
Answer
  • Introduce a vector into a suitable organism
  • Isolate a desired gene or DNA fragment
  • Select the transformed cells
  • Insert the gene into a vector

Question 71

Question
Which chemical compound can be used to stain a completed electrophoresis gel?
Answer
  • Ethidium bromide
  • Loading dye
  • Molecular marker
  • DNA polymerase

Question 72

Question
During PCR, double-stranded DNA is separated into two single strands of DNA. What is this step called?
Answer
  • Splicing
  • Denaturation
  • Extension
  • Annealing

Question 73

Question
After 8 PCR cycles, how many target sequences have been synthesized?
Answer
  • 8
  • 16
  • 240
  • 256

Question 74

Question
How does genetic therapy differ from traditional methods of treating a disease?
Answer
  • It targets the effects of the disease
  • In some cases, it fixes the genetic code itself
  • It reverses the damage done to the body
  • It replaces the need for organ transplant
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