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Practice Set (9) - Safety / Biological Effects / Contrast Media

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Diploma Magnetic Resonance Quiz on Practice Set (9) - Safety / Biological Effects / Contrast Media, created by Thea Ampofo on 31/01/2016.
Thea Ampofo
Quiz by Thea Ampofo, updated more than 1 year ago
Thea Ampofo
Created by Thea Ampofo about 9 years ago
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Question 1

Question
Thorough patient preparation should include which of the following
Answer
  • Proper patient screening
  • Complete patient medical history
  • Adequate patient education
  • All of the above

Question 2

Question
Proper patient screening should include which of the following
Answer
  • The elimination of any loose metal objects and personal items
  • The identification of any possible contraindications
  • The identification of any biomedical implants
  • All of the above

Question 3

Question
Complete medical history should include which of the following
Answer
  • Patient age, sex, and weight
  • Current physical symptoms
  • Previous surgeries and associated medical problems
  • All of the above

Question 4

Question
Adequate patient education should include which of the following
Answer
  • Thorough description of the procedure
  • Complete physics review
  • The importance of remaining still
  • Thorough description of the procedure & The importance of remaining still

Question 5

Question
Ancillary equipment that should be excluded from the magnetic room includes which of the following
Answer
  • Ferrous oxygen tanks
  • Battery powered IV pumps
  • Ferrous scissors, pens and hemostats
  • All of the above

Question 6

Question
Ancillary equipment that should be included in an MRI department includes which of the following
Answer
  • Non-ferrous wheelchair or stretcher
  • Proper monitoring equipment for sedated patients
  • A crash cart for emergency situations
  • All of the above

Question 7

Question
Which of the following ancillary staff should be trained in the safety procedures of the MRI department?
Answer
  • Janitorial staff
  • Nursing staff
  • MRI department clerical staff
  • All of the above

Question 8

Question
Which of the following pieces of equipment should be used and or available when sedating patients for an MRI examination
Answer
  • Pulse oximeter
  • Blood pressure monitor
  • Crash cart
  • All of the above

Question 9

Question
Which of the following patient injuries can be caused by improper placement of cardiac leads
Answer
  • Patient burns
  • Temporary hearing loss
  • Short term memory loss
  • None of the above

Question 10

Question
RF coils should be looped during scanning to improve signal to noise.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 11

Question
Which of the following is an important environmental consideration necessary to maintain proper computer and gradient function
Answer
  • Temperature
  • Barometric pressure
  • Humidity
  • Temperature & Humidity

Question 12

Question
Which of the following objects should not be permitted past the 5 gauss line
Answer
  • Cardiac pacemaker
  • Hearing aids
  • Neuro stimulators
  • All of the above

Question 13

Question
Which of the following objects will be affected by a magnetic field of 10 gauss or higher
Answer
  • Video cameras
  • Monitors
  • Cameras
  • All of the above

Question 14

Question
Metal implants within the body, depending on the location, can pose what type of problems during the MRI exam
Answer
  • Torque
  • Heating
  • Artifacts
  • All of the above

Question 15

Question
Hazards to patients and technologists due to ferromagnetic objects within the scan room include which ofthe following
Answer
  • Metal projectiles
  • Tissue burns
  • Image artifacts
  • None of the above

Question 16

Question
The force on a ferromagnetic object placed in a magnetic field is dependent upon which of the following factors
Answer
  • The mass of the object
  • The distance from the magnet
  • The object's orientation to the magnet
  • All of the above

Question 17

Question
Which of the following patients should be absolutely excluded from having an MRI exam
Answer
  • Patients with hip replacements
  • Patients with titanium aneurysm clips
  • Patients with cardiac pacemakers
  • Patients with cornea implants

Question 18

Question
Which of the following patients should be monitored with a pulse oximeter during an MRI procedure
Answer
  • Sedated patients
  • Unconscious patients
  • Patients with weak voices or hearing problems
  • All of the above

Question 19

Question
Which of the following hazards can occur due to an improperly ventilated quench
Answer
  • Frostbite due to decrease room temperature
  • Hearing loss due to increased air pressure in the scan room
  • Patient suffocation due to loss of oxygen
  • All of the above

Question 20

Question
The magnetic field that surrounds the Earth has what field strength
Answer
  • .5 Tesla
  • .6 Tesla
  • .5 Gauss
  • 1.5 Tesla

Question 21

Question
Biological effects associated with exposure to static magnetic fields below 2 tesla include which of the following
Answer
  • Increased amplitude at the T wave on an EKG
  • Nausea and vomiting
  • Minimal increase in body temperature
  • Increased amplitude at the T wave on an EKG & Minimal increase in body temperature

Question 22

Question
Biological effects associated with exposure to static magnetic fields above 2 tesla include which of the following
Answer
  • Fatigue
  • Headaches
  • Hypotension
  • All ofthe above

Question 23

Question
Possible biological effects associated with exposure to gradient magnetic fields at levels higher than that used in MRI include which of the following
Answer
  • Voltage produced in conductive tissue
  • Hypertension
  • Tissue bums
  • None of the above

Question 24

Question
Biological effects associated with exposure to radio frequency include which of the following
Answer
  • Induction of electrical currents in tissue
  • Heating due to tissue resistance
  • Radiation poisoning
  • Induction of electrical currents in tissue & Heating due to tissue resistance

Question 25

Question
The rate at which a patient can safely dissipate excess heat caused by RF energy is known as
Answer
  • Specific absorption time
  • Specific absorption rate
  • Signal absorption rate
  • None of the above

Question 26

Question
Specific absorption rate is expressed in units of
Answer
  • Watts/kg
  • Ohms/kg
  • Amps/kg
  • Watts/lb

Question 27

Question
Heating that is directly associated with the RF pulse sequence should not increase the core body temperature greater than
Answer
  • 1 degree Fahrenheit
  • 1 degree Kelvin
  • 10 degrees Celsius
  • 1 degree Celsius

Question 28

Question
Which of the following is a biological effect unique to echo planar imaging
Answer
  • Visual phosphenes
  • Muscular twitches in face and back
  • Tissue bums
  • None of the above

Question 29

Question
Specific absorption rate is dependent upon which factor(s)
Answer
  • Induced electrical field and tissue density
  • Patient size and pulse duty cycle
  • Tissue conductivity
  • All of the above

Question 30

Question
The recommended whole body SAR limit for MR imaging is
Answer
  • .4 Watts/kg
  • 3.2 Watts/kg
  • 8 Watts/kg
  • 4.0 Watts/kg

Question 31

Question
The recommended SAR limit for safely imaging the head is
Answer
  • .4 Watts/k
  • 3.2 Watts/kg
  • 8 Watts/kg
  • 4.0 Watts/kg

Question 32

Question
The recommended SAR limit for safely imaging small volumes is
Answer
  • .4 Watts/kg
  • 3.2 Watts/kg
  • 8 Watts/kg
  • 4.0 Watts/kg

Question 33

Question
The effect of MRI contrast media on tissue relaxation rates is known as
Answer
  • Relaxation
  • Relaxivity
  • Realization
  • None of the above

Question 34

Question
Contrast agents presently used in MRI have what type of effect on tissue
Answer
  • Increase T2 relaxation times
  • Decrease Tl relaxation times
  • Increase Tl relaxation times
  • None of the above

Question 35

Question
The first material used by Felix Bloch to change magnetic relaxation times was known as
Answer
  • Niobium-Titanium
  • Gadopentetate dimeglumine
  • Ferric Nitrate
  • Nickel-Cadmium

Question 36

Question
The first use of a paramagnetic agent on a human subject was in what year
Answer
  • 1976
  • 1981
  • 1946
  • 1973

Question 37

Question
The first oral MRl contrast agent used in a human subject was known as
Answer
  • Niobium-Titanium
  • Ferric Chloride
  • Ferric Nitrate
  • Gadopentetate dimeglumine

Question 38

Question
The first intravenous MRl contrast agent that was used on a human subject was known as
Answer
  • Niobium-Titanium
  • Ferric Chloride
  • Ferric Nitrate
  • Gadopentetate dimeglumine

Question 39

Question
Gadolinium has how many unpaired electrons in its outermost orbit
Answer
  • 5
  • 7
  • 9
  • 11

Question 40

Question
MRI contrast agents known as TI agents produce what type of contrast on Tl weighted images
Answer
  • Positive
  • Negative

Question 41

Question
MRl contrast agents known as T2 agents produce what type of contrast on T2 weighted images
Answer
  • Positive
  • Negative

Question 42

Question
MRI contrast agents known as T2 agents have what type of effect on tissue
Answer
  • Increase T2 relaxation times
  • Increase Tl relaxation times
  • Decrease T2 relaxation times
  • None of the above

Question 43

Question
Which ofthe following is a requirement for a chemical before it can be used as an MRI contrast medium
Answer
  • It must decrease magnetic relaxation times
  • Must be non-ionic
  • Must be biologically compatible with the human body
  • It must decrease magnetic relaxation times & Must be biologically compatible with the human body

Question 44

Question
The chemical compounds used to bind the metallic ion in MRI contrast agents are known as
Answer
  • Hydrophilies
  • Chelates
  • Macrophanges
  • None of the above

Question 45

Question
To minimize MRl contrast agent's toxicity, the agent should be
Answer
  • Excreted intact by the kidneys
  • Excreted intact by the gallbladder and intestines
  • Released within the body
  • Excreted intact by the kidneys & Excreted intact by the gallbladder and intestines

Question 46

Question
The amount of a drug required to cause death in half ofa sample of laboratory mice is known as
Answer
  • LDso
  • LRso
  • Median lethal dose
  • LDso & Median lethal dose

Question 47

Question
Which of the following is the median lethal dose of Gadopentetate dimeglumine
Answer
  • .5 mmol/kg
  • 5 mmol/kg
  • 1 mmol/kg
  • 10-20 mmol/kg

Question 48

Question
Contrast agents that stay electrically neutral in water and do not separate into ions are said to be
Answer
  • Hydrophilic
  • Nonionic
  • Ionic
  • None of the above

Question 49

Question
Contrast agents that separate into charged ions in water are said to be
Answer
  • Hydrophobic
  • Nonionic
  • Ionic
  • None of the above

Question 50

Question
The diffusion of fluid thorough a semipermeable membrane such as the wall of a living cell is known as
Answer
  • Hydrosis
  • Ionization
  • Osmosis
  • None of the above

Question 51

Question
The osmolality of a contrast agent is measured in what unit
Answer
  • Osmoles per kilogram of water (Osm/kg)
  • Milliosmoles per kilogram of water (mOsm/kg)
  • Milliliters per kiloliter (mllkl)
  • Osmoles per kilogram of water (Osm/kg) & Milliosmoles per kilogram of water (mOsm/kg)

Question 52

Question
The effective clinical dosage of gadolinium is how many millimoles per kilogram of body weight
Answer
  • 1:0 mmol/kg
  • 0.1 mmol/kg
  • 10 mmol/kg
  • 20 mmol/kg

Question 53

Question
Which of the following is a possible side effect of gadopentetate dimeglumine
Answer
  • Mild, temporary headaches
  • Nausea
  • Vomiting
  • All of the above

Question 54

Question
Gd DTPA, also known as Magnevist, is bound by which chelate
Answer
  • Bismethylamide
  • Diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid
  • Tertraazacyclododecane tetraacetic acid
  • None of the above

Question 55

Question
Gd DOTA, also known as Dotarem, is bound by what chelate
Answer
  • Bismethylamide
  • Diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid
  • Tertraazacyclododecane tetraacetic acid
  • None of the above

Question 56

Question
Gd DTPA-BMA, also known as Omniscan, is bound by what chel
Answer
  • Bismethylamide
  • Diethylenetriamine pentaacetic acid
  • Tertraazacyclododecane tetraacetic acid
  • None of the above

Question 57

Question
Gadoteridol, also known as ProHance, is based on what type of molecular structure
Answer
  • Linear ionic
  • Linear nonionic
  • Macrocyclic ionic
  • Macrocyclic nonionic

Question 58

Question
Gadopentetate dimeglumine, also known as Magnevist, is based on what type of molecular structure
Answer
  • Linear ionic
  • Linear nonionic
  • Macrocyclic ionic
  • Macrocyclic nonionic

Question 59

Question
Gadodiamide, also known as Omniscan, is based on what type of molecular structure
Answer
  • Linear ionic
  • Linear nonionic
  • Macrocyclic ionic
  • Macrocyclic nonionic

Question 60

Question
Gadoterate meglumine, also known as Dotarem, is based on what type of molecular structure
Answer
  • Linear ionic
  • Linear nonionic
  • Macrocyclic ionic
  • Macrocyclic nonionic

Question 61

Question
Which of the following is a clinical indication for the use of MRI contrast agents
Answer
  • CNS tumors
  • Post surgical lumbar discs
  • Infection
  • All of the above

Question 62

Question
Structures that are outside the blood brain barrier are said to be
Answer
  • Extra axial
  • Intra axial
  • Para axial
  • None of the above

Question 63

Question
The type of neoplasms in the head that enhance primarily due to their increase in vascularity are known as
Answer
  • Intra axial neoplasms
  • Extra axial neoplasms
  • Metastatic neoplasms
  • None of the above

Question 64

Question
Which of the following is an example of an extra axial neoplasm
Answer
  • Meningioma
  • Astrocytoma
  • Acoustic Neuroma
  • Meningioma & Astrocytoma

Question 65

Question
The type ofneoplasms in the head that enhance primarily due to the breakdown of the blood brain barrier are known as
Answer
  • Intra axial neoplasms
  • Extra axial neoplasms
  • Acoustic neuromas
  • None of the above

Question 66

Question
Which of the following is an example of an intra axial neoplasm
Answer
  • Acoustic neuroma
  • Meningioma
  • Astrocytoma
  • Acoustic neuroma & Meningioma

Question 67

Question
Which area outside the blood brain barrier shows normal enhancement with the injection of gadolinium
Answer
  • Choroid plexus
  • Pineal gland
  • Pituitary gland
  • All of the above

Question 68

Question
Which ofthe following is an example of a non-neoplastic disease of the brain that enhances with the injection of gadolinium
Answer
  • Meningitis
  • Demyelinating disease
  • Cerebral infection
  • All of the above

Question 69

Question
Neoplasms within the spinal cord are said to be located in which of the following locations
Answer
  • Intramedullary
  • Extramedullary Intradural
  • Extradural
  • None of the above

Question 70

Question
Neoplasms outside the spinal cord but within the CSF space are said to be located in which of the following locations
Answer
  • Intramedullary
  • Extramedullary Intradural
  • Extradural
  • None of the above

Question 71

Question
Neoplasms of the spine that are outside the spinal cord and outside the CSF space are said to be located in which of the following locations
Answer
  • Intramedullary
  • Extramedullary Intradural
  • Extradural
  • None of the above

Question 72

Question
Which of the following pathologies of the spine is an indication for the use of an MRl contrast agent
Answer
  • Spinal cord infection
  • Recurrent disc herniation
  • Intramedullary neoplasm
  • All of the above

Question 73

Question
Which of the following is a contraindication for the use of gadolinium
Answer
  • Patients with history of metastatic cancer
  • Patients with history of asthma
  • Patients with history of metal implants
  • No known contraindications

Question 74

Question
Which of the following is a precaution for the use of gadolinium
Answer
  • Patients with sickle cell anemia
  • Patients with a history of grand mal seizures
  • Patients with a history of asthma
  • All of the above
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