Halogenalkanes

Free Radicals are formed from the [blank_start]homolytic[blank_end] fission of a [blank_start]covalent[blank_end] bond, often by UV light which provides enough energy to break the bond [blank_start]equally[blank_end]. This gives each 'half' one electron each. It is these unpaired electrons which make Free Radicals [blank_start]so reactive[blank_end].

Boiling point increases with size and length of a haloalkane because:

Look at this equation where methane and chlorine are combined in the presence of UV light to form 1-chloromethane and hydrochloric acid. Select the correct Propogation reaction(s).

Look at this equation where methane and chlorine are combined in the presence of UV light to form 1-chloromethane and hydrochloric acid. Select the correct Termination reaction(s).

Look at this reaction in which methane and chlorine are combined in the presence of UV light to form 1-chloromethane and hydrochloric acid. Select the correct Initiation reaction(s).

Look at this reaction in which methane and chlorine are combined in the presence of UV light to form 1-chloromethane and hydrochloric acid. The bond enthalpy of Cl-Cl is +243 kJ mol-1. The bond enthalpy of C-H is +413 kJ mol-1. In the Initiation reaction, the covalent bonds in the [blank_start]chlorine[blank_end] are more likely to be broken by the UV light because the [blank_start]Cl-Cl[blank_end] bond is much weaker than the [blank_start]C-H[blank_end] bond and [blank_start]easier[blank_end] to break.

Select all features of a Nucleophile.

What makes a good nucleophile?

An atom/molecule/ion is only a nucleophile when is donates a pair of electons to an atom other than hydrogen, usually carbon.

Chlorofluorocarbons contain Hydrogen.

The alternatives to Chlorofluorocarbons are:

Chlorofluorocarbons are:

When you react a haloalkane with water, the products are:

When you react a haloalkane with potassium/sodium cyanide under reflux in an aqueous alcoholic solution, the products are:

When you react a haloalkane with an excess of ammonia in reflux under pressure, the products are:

When Ammonia reacts in excess with a haloalkane, it acts as a _____ and then a _____:

In the elimination of haloalkanes with alcoholic potassium/sodium hydroxide, the products are:

This question concerns reacting Potassium/Sodium Hydroxide with a Haloalkane. With Water as a solvent, the Hydroxide Ions act as [blank_start]a Nucleophile[blank_end]. The reaction is therefore is [blank_start]a Substitution[blank_end] and [blank_start]an Alcohol[blank_end] is formed. With Alcohol as a solvent, the Hydroxide Ions act as [blank_start]an Electrophile[blank_end]. The reaction is therefore is [blank_start]an Elimination[blank_end] and [blank_start]an Alkene[blank_end] is formed. To favour Substitution, the temperature needs to be [blank_start]warm[blank_end] and the Potassium/Sodium Hydroxide needs to be [blank_start]dilute[blank_end] and [blank_start]aqueous[blank_end]. To favour Elimination, the temperature needs to be [blank_start]hot[blank_end] and the Potassium/Sodium Hydroxide needs to be [blank_start]concentrated[blank_end] and [blank_start]alcoholic[blank_end].

Ozone is [blank_start]an allotrope[blank_end] of Oxygen.

A Primary Haloalkane is more likely to undergo a Substitution reaction than a Tertiary Haloalkane.

A Primary Haloalkane is more likely to undergo an Elimination reaction than a Tertiary Haloalkane.

Which of these contribute to the creation of the hole in the Ozone Layer?