Question 1
Question
Ag- Any substance that may be recognised as foreign
Question 2
Question
What is this, and what is it for?
Answer
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Ig G
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Ig M
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Crossing the placenta
Question 3
Question
What is Ig M use for?
Answer
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Crossing the placenta
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Rapid agglutination
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Bound to B cells
Question 4
Question
The Rhesus positive allele is...
Answer
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Dominant
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Recessive
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Co-dominant
Question 5
Question
Homozygous dd has the potential to produce Anti-D in what circumstances
Answer
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Illness
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Incorrect transfusion
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Pregnancy
Question 6
Question
Sensitisation- binding of Ig to individual blood cell
Question 7
Question
Agglutination is visible when
Answer
-
The Ig binds
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A lattice is formed
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The blood cells lyse
Question 8
Question
Which of the following RBC's contain the H substance (L-Fucose)
Question 9
Question
Type AB has what added to the H substance?
Answer
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N-Galactosamine
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D- Galactose
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N-Glucosamine
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Acetyl CoA
Question 10
Question
Which of the following is the 'Universal Receiver'?
Question 11
Question
How do blood grouping cards work?
Answer
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Tiny columns of small beads with Ig's bound
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If blood agglutinates due to Ig's, it cannot pass through column
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If blood agglutinates due to Ig's, it sinks to the bottom of the column
Question 12
Question
1 in 40 people have Ig's other than ABO and Rhesus
Question 13
Question
How many Ig's (other than ABO and Rhesus) can cause haemolytic reactions
Question 14
Question
3 Cells are brought in as controls- why?
Answer
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Between the three of them, they cover all 20 Ig's
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Then the patient plasma is added, and the reaction studied
Question 15
Question
If the plasma reacts to any of the 20 Ig's, what happens?
Answer
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They're tested against 10 donors (process of elimination)
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They're tested against 20 donors (process of elimination)
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They're tested against 15 donors (process of elimination)
Question 16
Question
Pregnant women protect their fetuses by injecting Anti-D
Question 17
Question
What is cross matching?
Question 18
Question
Transfusions are necessary if >40% of blood is lost
Question 19
Question
What is an Exchange Transfusion?
Question 20
Question
Exchange transfusion is used for babies with HDN
Question 21
Question
Why are antibodies the issue in blood transfusions?
Answer
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They are much more abundant than RBC's
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RBC's don't contain the MAC Class 1 marker that allows self cells to be identified
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RBC reactions can be easily stopped
Question 22
Question
RBC's are stored in 120-200 ml quantities
Question 23
Question
1 unit of RBC's is expected to raise blood Hb by how much?
Question 24
Question
Blood is transfused over 2-3 hours
Question 25
Question
1 bag of RBC's costs how much?
Question 26
Question
Plasma has a shelf life of _ and a half life of _ once unfrozen
Answer
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2 years
-
1 year
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6 months
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4-8 hours
-
2-4 hours
Question 27
Question
With plasma, Universal Donor's and Receivers are reversed
Question 28
Question
Plasma is dosed at 12-15ml/kg
Question 29
Question
Plasma also contains
Answer
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Clotting factors
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Ig's
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Drugs
Question 30
Question
A bag of plasma and clotting factors costs £40.00
Question 31
Question
Cryoprecipitate contains concentrated clotting factors and Ig's
Question 32
Question
Cryoprecipitate has a shelf life of _ at -30 degrees
Question 33
Question
When is cryoprecipitate added?
Question 34
Question
Platlets are stored at 22 degrees and cannot be refrigerated
Question 35
Question
Platelets have a shelf life of 7 days if...
Answer
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it's kept agitated
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it's kept frozen
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it is stored in a vacuum
Question 36
Question
Platelets are given over 30 mins and increase blood count by 3-4 x 10^9
Question 37
Question
What is Aphoresis
Question 38
Question
Platelets cost £20 a bag