Question 1
Question
What has to be removed in order to place an epidural electrode?
Question 2
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Stimulation of the cortex on an AWAKE patient is to test for:
Question 3
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If a patient is unable to move at the end of the surgery, it is consistent with damage to the:
Answer
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cortical spinal tracts
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spinal thalamic
Question 4
Answer
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rods and hooks
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sublaminal wires
Question 5
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The best muscle to record lower TCeMEPs is:
Question 6
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The best time for a wake-up test during scoliosis surgery is after:
Question 7
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The risk of the wake-up test includes:
Question 8
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What monitoring is best for a scoliosis surgery?
Question 9
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If you have to select only one modality during a scoliosis surgery, which one will you choose?
Question 10
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Vertebral arteries run from:
Question 11
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What is the conduction time from stimulation at the lower thoracic spinal cord to a recording at the upper thoracic spinal cord?
Answer
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less than 10 msec
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more than 30 msec
Question 12
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What is the most likely outcome with an occlusion of the anterior spinal artery
Question 13
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After a thoracolumbar case, the patient wakes up with intact lower sensation and motor function, but left upper extremity weakness. What is the likely cause?
Answer
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brachial plexopathy
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thrombosis
Question 14
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The effects of Harrington rod distraction on the spinal cord can be tested by the following except:
Question 15
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Stimulation of the motor pathway can be achieved with little movement in the surgical field by:
Question 16
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Following the final application of corrective forces to the spinal column, the spinal cord should typically be monitored for at least:
Question 17
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A contraindication for the use of transcranial electrical stimulation is
Question 18
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The Luque type of spinal instrumentation usually involves:
Answer
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the sublaminal wires
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rods and screws
Question 19
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Luque rods would best be used for:
Question 20
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A "false negative" test means that the test results:
Question 21
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During scoliosis surgery, the spinal cord is most at risk for injury during:
Question 22
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For transcortical magnetic stimulation, it is not true that:
Question 23
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Changing the inter stimulus interval (lSI) from 3.7 to 2.1 will:
Question 24
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Motor evoked potentials are also known as:
Answer
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cathodal stimulation
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anodal stimulation
Question 25
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Motor evoked potentials can be recorded from the:
Answer
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dermatomes
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epidural space
Question 26
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Motor evoked potentials responses are affected by the:
Question 27
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The ideal anesthesia regimen for TCeMEP recording is:
Question 28
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The epidural responses are also known as:
Answer
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D and I waves
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F and H waves
Question 29
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The motor evoked response in hand muscles (arrow) is referred as:
Question 30
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The latency of the response in foot muscles is approximately:
Question 31
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The responses in channel2 are classified as:
Question 32
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When recording motor evoked potentials, the artifact reject should always be
Question 33
Question
The latency of D-wave responses in the upper cervical area is about:
Question 34
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D-wave responses are:
Question 35
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An increase in anesthesia will result in a loss of the ___ response before the ____
Question 36
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The recommended range of inter stimulus interval for motor evoked potentials is:
Question 37
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The band pass setting for motor evoked potential should be set to:
Question 38
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The latency of D-wave responses in the lower cervical area is about:
Question 39
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The latency of D-wave responses in the lower thoracic area is about:
Question 40
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A response recorded at 15 ms from an epidural spinal electrode arises from:
Answer
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the lower thoracic spine
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para-spinal muscles
Question 41
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A motor unit originates from:
Answer
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anterior horn cells
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neuromuscular junction
Question 42
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The inter-peak latency between I-waves is:
Question 43
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The lowest spinal level for epidural recordings is:
Question 44
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Bite blocks must be used during motor evoked potential recordings to prevent
Question 45
Question
When monitoring motor evoked potentials during spinal surgeries, the muscles selected must be ___ to the site of the surgery.
Question 46
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Motor evoked potentials monitor the integrity of dorsal column pathways.
Question 47
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Ischemia of anterior spinal artery will result in loss of TCeMEP responses.
Question 48
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A pulse width of 1000 us is used for TCeMEP stimulation.
Question 49
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I-waves are epidural responses due to indirect stimulation of spinothalamic pathways.
Question 50
Question
Motor evoked potentials are generated from which type of summation?