Copy and Edit

Research Methods II potential MCQ's

Description

Taken from the homework. i have added questions to test your knowledge on statistics
Ben Armstrong
Quiz by Ben Armstrong, updated more than 1 year ago
Ben Armstrong
Created by Ben Armstrong almost 9 years ago
1405
7
0

Resource summary

Question 1

Question
Steven scores 55% on a Mathematics exam, and 74% on an Economics exam. Which is Steven's better subject in comparison with the others in his group if the group means and SDs are 50 and 4 (Mathematics) and 70 and 8 (Economics)?
Answer
  • Economics
  • Mathematics
  • Equal in both subjects
  • There is not enough information

Question 2

Question
TR-8R scores 67% on a accuracy exam, and 38% on an stamina exam. Which is TR-8R's better attribiute in comparison with the others in his group if the group means and SDs are 55 and 8 (Accuracy) and 24 and 4 (Stamina)?
Answer
  • Stamina
  • Accuracy
  • It is impossible to tell
  • He performs equally in both

Question 3

Question
A population of scores has μ = 42. In this population, an X value of 40 corresponds to z = -0.50. What is the population standard deviation?
Answer
  • 4
  • 2
  • -2
  • -4

Question 4

Question
A squadron of scores has μ = 63. In this clone squadron, an X value of 54 corresponds to z = -3. What is the clone squadron's standard deviation?
Answer
  • 3
  • -3
  • 6
  • -6

Question 5

Question
For a population with μ = 60 and σ = 8, what is the X value corresponding to z = -0.50?
Answer
  • -4
  • 56
  • 64
  • 59.5

Question 6

Question
For a population with μ = 78 and σ = 5, what is the X value corresponding to z = 0.8?
Answer
  • 83
  • 82
  • 8
  • -83

Question 7

Question
A population of scores has μ = 44. In this population, an X value of 40 corresponds to z = -0.50. What is the population standard deviation?
Answer
  • 6
  • 2
  • 4
  • 8

Question 8

Question
A population of N = 5 scores has SS = 40. What is the variance for this population?
Answer
  • 40/5=8
  • 40/4=10
  • 5(40)=200
  • 4(40)=160

Question 9

Question
Under what circumstances would a score that is 15 points above the mean be considered an extreme score?
Answer
  • when the population mean is much larger than 15
  • when the population standard deviation is much larger than 15
  • when the population mean is much smaller than 15
  • when the population standard deviation is much smaller than 15

Question 10

Question
For a population with μ = 100 and σ = 20, the X value corresponding to z = 1.50 is
Answer
  • 101.5
  • 115
  • 121.5
  • 130

Question 11

Question
A population of scores has σ = 20. In this population, a score of X = 80 corresponds to z = +0.25. What is the population mean?
Answer
  • 70
  • 75
  • 85
  • 90

Question 12

Question
In N = 25 games last season, the college basketball team averaged μ = 74 points with a standard deviation of σ = 6. In their final game of the season, the team scored 90 points. Based on this information, the number of points scored in the final game was ____.
Answer
  • A little above average
  • Far above average
  • above average, but it is impossible to describe how much above average
  • There is not enough information to compare last year with the average.

Question 13

Question
What is the value of SS for the following sample? Scores: 1, 3, 5
Answer
  • SS=8
  • SS=8/2
  • SS=8/3
  • SS=8*8

Question 14

Question
The Pearson correlation measures _____.
Answer
  • the degree of curvilinear relationship
  • the degree of relationship without regard to the form of the relationship
  • the degree of linear relationship
  • the degree to which the relationship is consistently one directional

Question 15

Question
A scatter plot shows a set of data points that are widely scattered around a line that slopes down to the right. Which of the following values would be closest to the correlation for these data?
Answer
  • -0.4
  • -0.8
  • 0.4
  • 0.8

Question 16

Question
A scatter plot shows a set of data points that are closely scattered around a line that slopes down to the left. Which of the following values would be closest to the correlation for these data?
Answer
  • 0.7
  • -0.7
  • -0.2
  • 0.2

Question 17

Question
A Pearson correlation of r = +1.00 between X and Y indicates _____.
Answer
  • Every change in X causes a change in Y
  • Each time X increases, there is a perfectly predictable increase in Y
  • All of the other 3 choices occur with a correlation of +1.00.
  • Every increase in X causes an increase in Y

Question 18

Question
A Pearson correlation of r = -1.00 between X and Y indicates _____.
Answer
  • Every change in X causes a change in Y
  • Each time X decreases, there is a perfectly predictable decrease in Y
  • All of the other 3 choices occur with a correlation of -1.00.
  • Every increase in X causes an increase in Y

Question 19

Question
Which of the following sets of correlations correctly shows the highest to lowest degree of relationship?
Answer
  • -0.91, +0.83, +0.10, -0.03
  • +0.83, +0.10, -0.91, -0.03
  • -0.91, +0.83, -0.03, -0.10
  • +0.83, +0.10, -0.03, -0.91

Question 20

Question
The Pearson correlation is calculated for a sample of n = 25 individuals. What value of df should be used to determine whether or not the correlation is significant?
Answer
  • 23
  • 25
  • Cannot be determined without additional information
  • 24

Question 21

Question
The results of a correlation analysis are as follows: r(72) = .56, p = .046. Calculate the coefficient of determination (R2):
Answer
  • .44
  • .046
  • .56
  • .31

Question 22

Question
The results of a correlation analysis are as follows: r(123) = .75, p = .034. Calculate the coefficient of determination (R2):
Answer
  • .57
  • .56
  • .43
  • .74

Question 23

Question
When we convert a score into a score from a probability distribution, it becomes a _______.
Answer
  • Test score
  • Probability
  • Test Statistic
  • Significance Value

Question 24

Question
The p value is a conditional probability, and represents ________.
Answer
  • The probability of finding the effect if the null hypothesis was false
  • The probability of not finding the effect if the null hypothesis was true
  • The probability of finding the effect if the null hypothesis was true

Question 25

Question
A researcher conducts an experiment and discovers a non-significant (p > .05) difference between her two experimental groups. What is the next step she should take?
Answer
  • Fail to accept the alternate hypothesis
  • Reject the null hypothesis
  • Accept the alternate hypothesis
  • Fail to reject the null hypothesis

Question 26

Question
The first step in hypothesis testing is to:
Answer
  • Generate a hypothesis
  • Measure the relationship between variables
  • Decide whether to reject or fail to reject the null hypothesis
  • Calculate the p value

Question 27

Question
Which of the following is a two-tailed hypothesis?
Answer
  • We predict that the scores of Group A should be significantly higher than the scores of Group B
  • We predict a positive relationship between the scores of Group A and Group B
  • We predict that the scores of Group B should be significantly higher than the scores of Group A
  • We predict a significant difference between the scores of Group A and Group B

Question 28

Question
Which of the following is an example of a null hypothesis?
Answer
  • The scores of Group A will correlate with the scores of Group B
  • The scores of Group A will be greater than the scores of Group B
  • The scores of Group A and Group B will not differ significantly
  • The scores of Group A and Group B will differ significantly

Question 29

Question
Which of the following is the most appropriate description of a Type I error?
Answer
  • Fail to reject the null hypothesis when it is false
  • Fail to reject the null hypothesis when it is true
  • Reject the null hypothesis when it is true
  • Reject the null hypothesis when it is false

Question 30

Question
Which of the following is the most appropriate description of a Type II error?
Answer
  • Fail to reject the null hypothesis when it is true
  • Reject the null hypothesis when it is false
  • Fail to reject the null hypothesis when it is false
  • Reject the null hypothesis when it is true

Question 31

Question
A researcher conducts an experiment and discovers a significant (p < .05) difference between her two experimental groups. What is the next step she should take?
Answer
  • Reject the null hypothesis
  • Fail to reject the null hypothesis
  • Accept the alternate hypothesis
  • Fail to accept the alternate hypothesis

Question 32

Question
A researcher decides to run a correlation to discover whether a positive relationship exists between variable X and variable Y. He should conduct a _____.
Answer
  • 2 tailed test
  • 1 tailed test
  • Type II test
  • Type I test

Question 33

Question
An independent-measures t hypothesis test is appropriate when ____.
Answer
  • the mean for a treated group of subjects is compared to a known population mean
  • there are two separate samples containing different subjects
  • the value for s is known
  • one sample is used to test a hypothesis about one population

Question 34

Question
Which of the following research situations is most likely to use an independent-measures design?
Answer
  • Evaluate the difference in verbal skills between 3-year-old girls and 3-year-old boys.
  • Evaluate the effectiveness of a diet program by measuring how much weight is lost during 4 weeks of dieting.
  • Evaluate the effectiveness of a cholesterol medication by comparing cholesterol levels before and after the medication.
  • Evaluate the development of verbal skills between age 2 and age 3 for a sample of girls.

Question 35

Question
A researcher reports t(24) = 5.30 for an independent-measures experiment. How many individuals participated in the entire experiment?
Answer
  • 25
  • 12
  • 26
  • 24

Question 36

Question
An independent-measures experiment uses one sample with n = 10 and a second sample with n = 15 to compare two experimental treatments. The t statistic from this experiment will have degrees of freedom equal to ____.
Answer
  • 23
  • 24
  • 25
  • 26

Question 37

Question
The results of an independent-measures research study are reported as "t(5) = -2.12, p = .67, two tails." What statistical decision was made?
Answer
  • There was a marginally significant effect.
  • The researcher failed to reject H0.
  • The null hypothesis was rejected.
  • Cannot be determined from the researcher's statement

Question 38

Question
Which of the following is a parametric test?
Answer
  • Wilcoxon
  • Mann-Whitney
  • Spearman's RHO
  • Pearson's r

Question 39

Question
Which is NOT an assumption underlying Parametric tests?
Answer
  • At least interval level data
  • Normally Distributed
  • Doesn't meet the homogeneity of variance
  • No extreme scores

Question 40

Question
What is the Pearson r in this correlation?
Image:
a125bab5-1948-4db0-900c-75c1af7ef286 (image/png)
Answer
  • -.296
  • 211
  • .000
  • 1

Question 41

Question
What is the P value in this Pearson correlation?
Image:
4c236929-e952-457c-b614-9ccac2764de4 (image/png)
Answer
  • P=.000
  • P<.001
  • P>.001
  • P=-.291

Question 42

Question
What is the sample size used?
Image:
dadd4620-12d8-423a-8eb4-e29bf1fcafcf (image/png)
Answer
  • 211
  • 1
  • .000
  • -.291

Question 43

Question
What is the P value and can we reject the null hypothesis?
Image:
e9237892-f40d-480c-875b-3571faf1ab89 (image/png)
Answer
  • .993, no
  • .993, yes
  • .987, no
  • .000, yes

Question 44

Question
There is a _______ % chance of the results being obtained by sampling error alone
Image:
1fcba365-f106-4e78-880e-7b57ef29df54 (image/png)
Answer
  • 99%
  • -0.1%
  • -.009%
  • 98%

Question 45

Question
What does reliability mean?
Answer
  • Used to measure the degree to which something measures what it is supposed to and whether the cause and effect can be understood
  • Used to measure the degree of which measurements are consistent or repeatable and whether the experiment yields similar reults
  • Should yield similar results irrespective of who administers it
  • Face, content, concurrent etc

Question 46

Question
What does validity mean?
Answer
  • To what degree are measurements consistent and repeatable
  • To what degree the experiment measures what it is supposed to
  • To what degree findings are similar irrespective of who administers them
  • Includes internal consistency measures e.g. split half, odd-even etc

Question 47

Question
Which is NOT a method of assessing reliability?
Answer
  • Cronbach's Alpha
  • Test-retest
  • Inter-rater
  • Known groups

Question 48

Question
What is the correct order for hypothesis testing?
Answer
  • Generate a hypothesis, Conduct a study, Work out probability, Decide to reject or accept the null hypothesis
  • Conduct a study, Generate a hypothesis, Work out probability, Decide to reject or accept the null hypothesis
  • Work out probability, Generate a hypothesis, Decide to reject or accept the null hypothesis, Conduct a study
  • Decide to reject or accept the null hypothesis, Conduct a study, Work out probability, Generate a hypothesis

Question 49

Question
What is the critical region in relation to a normal distribution?
Answer
  • The middle 95%
  • The 5% underneath the tails
  • The whole curve
  • There isn't a critical region

Question 50

Question
What is the SS of the following numbers? 5,7,1,4
Answer
  • 18.74
  • -36.745
  • 36.75
  • 10.5

Question 51

Question
Chocolate will positively correlate with happiness. What type of directional hypothesis is this?
Answer
  • One-tailed
  • Two-Tailed
  • Type I
  • Type II

Question 52

Question
In a set of data with extreme scores what would be the best measure of central tendency?
Answer
  • Mean
  • Median
  • Mode
  • Range

Question 53

Question
Repeated measures, normally distributed, Violation of homogeneity of variance. What statistical test should be used?
Answer
  • Wilcoxon
  • Mann-Whitney
  • Pearson's r
  • Chi-Square

Question 54

Question
Independent groups, Normally distributed, Violation of homogeneity of variance. What statistical test should be used?
Answer
  • WIlcoxon
  • Chi-square
  • Mann-Whitney
  • Spearman's RHO

Question 55

Question
The standard error is...
Answer
  • The standard deviation divided by the square root of the number of participants in the sample
  • The square root of variance
  • A point estimate
  • N squared

Question 56

Question
What is t when the sample mean is 36 and the population mean in 57 and a standard error of 5.6?
Answer
  • -3.75
  • 3.75
  • 4.28
  • -4.28

Question 57

Question
In relation to Cohen's d what are the effect sizes?
Answer
  • 0.2=small, 0.5=moderate, 0.8=large
  • 0.2=large, 0.5=moderate, 0.8=small
  • 0.3=small, 0.6=moderate, 0.9=large
  • 0.3=large, 0.6=moderate, 0.9=small

Question 58

Question
If two variables are totally independent, then the correlation between them is:
Answer
  • -0.1
  • -1
  • 1
  • zero

Question 59

Question
In an independent t-test, you would use the equal variances are not assumed part of the output when Levene's test is
Answer
  • Above a criterion significance level (e.g. p>0.05)
  • Below a criterion significance level (e.g. p<0.05)
  • When number of participants are unequal in the two conditions
  • When you have skewed data

Question 60

Question
Levene's test is:
Answer
  • A test of heterogeneity that relies on the assumption of abnormality
  • A test of homogeneity that relies on the assumption of abnormality
  • A test of heterogeneity that does not rely on the assumption of normality
  • A test of homogeneity of variances that does not rely on the assumption of normality

Question 61

Question
We can't use a single t-test to compare:
Answer
  • 1 group to a population (one;sample t;test)
  • 2 groups to each other (independent;samples t;test)
  • Scores on 2 measures to each other (paired;samples t;test)
  • More than two groups

Question 62

Question
How many t-test comparisons would you need to conduct as follow ups, if there are 8 levels in the factor?
Answer
  • 21
  • 25
  • 28
  • 35

Question 63

Question
What is the main problem with using multiple t-tests?
Answer
  • Increased chances of a type one error (reject the null hypothesis when it is true) as each comparison increases p-value
  • Increased chances of a type two error (failing to reject the null hypothesis when it is false) as each comparison decreases p-value
  • There isn't one

Question 64

Question
The narrower the confidence intervals:
Answer
  • The more confidence you can place in your results
  • The less you can rely on the results
  • The greater the chance that your results were due to sampling error

Question 65

Question
Repeated measures designs are:
Answer
  • Are exactly the same power as independent design
  • Less powerful than independent designs
  • More powerful than independent designs
  • None of the above

Question 66

Question
Sample means are:
Answer
  • Point estimates of sample means
  • Interval estimates of population means
  • Interval estimates of sample means
  • Point estimates of population means

Question 67

Question
For an experiment comparing two treatment conditions, an independent-measures design would obtain ____ score(s) for each subject and a repeated-measures design would obtain ____ score(s) for each subject.
Answer
  • 1, 2
  • 2, 1
  • 2, 2
  • 1, 1

Question 68

Question
A repeated-measures study finds a mean difference of MD = 5 points between two treatment conditions. Which of the following sample characteristics is most likely to produce a significant t statistic for the hypothesis test?
Answer
  • A small sample size (n) and a large variance
  • A small sample size (n) and a small variance
  • A large sample size (n) and a small variance
  • A large sample size (n) and a large variance

Question 69

Question
For which of the following situations would a repeated-measures research design be appropriate?
Answer
  • Comparing problem solving skills for science majors versus art majors at a college
  • Comparing self-esteem for students who participate in school athletics versus those who do not
  • Comparing pain tolerance before and after taking a new pain medication
  • Comparing verbal skills for girls versus boys at age 3

Question 70

Question
A research report describing the results from a repeated-measures study includes the following: "The data show no significant difference between the two treatments, t(10) = 1.65, p = .07." Based on this report, you can conclude that a total of ____ individuals participated in the research study .
Answer
  • 10
  • 11
  • 12
  • 9

Question 71

Question
For the repeated-measures t statistic, df = ____.
Answer
  • (n1 - 1) + (n2 - 1)
  • n1 + n2 - 2
  • n - 1
  • n1 + n2 - 1

Question 72

Question
A repeated-measures experiment and a matched-subjects experiment both produce t statistics with df = 20. Which experiment used more subjects?
Answer
  • They both used n = 22 subjects
  • Repeated measures
  • They both used n = 21 subjects.
  • Matched subjects

Question 73

Question
Which of the following sets of data is most likely to produce a significant t statistic? NB: MD = Mean Difference, SS = Sum of Squared Deviations
Answer
  • MD = 2 and SS = 10
  • MD = 2 and SS = 100
  • MD = 10 and SS = 10
  • MD = 10 and SS = 100

Question 74

Question
If the null hypothesis is true, on average the expected value for the related-samples t statistic is ____.
Answer
  • 1
  • 1.96
  • t > 1.96
  • 0

Question 75

Question
A research report describing the results from a repeated-measures study states, "The data showed a significant difference between treatments, t(22) = 4.71, p < .001." From this report you can conclude that the outcome of the hypothesis test was ____.
Answer
  • To reject the null hypothesis
  • To fail to reject the null hypothesis
  • To make a Type II error
  • To make a Type I error

Question 76

Question
The purpose for post tests is
Answer
  • To determine whether or not a Type I error was committed.
  • To determine how much difference exists between the treatments.
  • To determine which treatments are significantly different.
  • None of the above.

Question 77

Question
In general, the largest F-ratio will be obtained when the differences between sample means are ____ and the magnitudes of the sample variances are ____.
Answer
  • Small, small
  • Small, large
  • Large, small
  • Large, large

Question 78

Question
In analysis of variance, the F-ratio is a ratio of?
Answer
  • Sample means
  • Sample means divided by variances
  • Variances
  • Sample variances divided by sample means

Question 79

Question
In analysis of variance, the term factor refers to ____.
Answer
  • A dependent variable
  • An independent (or quasi-independent) variable
  • A treatment mean
  • A treatment total

Question 80

Question
When the null hypothesis is true for an ANOVA, what is the expected value for the F-ratio?
Answer
  • 0
  • 1.00
  • k - 1
  • N - k

Question 81

Question
For an experiment comparing more than two treatment conditions you should use analysis of variance rather than separate t tests because ____.
Answer
  • You are less likely to make a mistake in the computations of ANOVA
  • A test based on variances is more sensitive than a test based on means
  • ANOVA has less risk of a Type I Error because several means are compared in one test
  • ANOVA has less risk of a Type II Error because several means are compared in one test

Question 82

Question
Under what circumstances is the experimentwise alpha level a concern?
Answer
  • Whenever you do an analysis of variance
  • Whenever an experiment compares exactly two treatments
  • Whenever an experiment involves more than one hypothesis test
  • Whenever the alpha level is greater than .05

Question 83

Question
How many levels did the independent variable have?
Image:
18c41a34-f41d-47fd-b1a7-de5e7ad415c3 (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • 2
  • 1
  • 3
  • 4

Question 84

Question
Which of the following statistical statements best describes the result of the analysis:
Image:
d11d347f-b860-457b-b393-5298c6aebf55 (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • F(2,197) = 3.45, p = .034
  • F(2,197) = 3.45, p = 0.034
  • F(2,195) = 3.45, p = 0.034
  • F(2,195) = 3.45, p = .034

Question 85

Question
How many participants were included in this analysis?
Image:
0a8a1450-3165-4a14-b840-3c0bfd3676a1 (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • 195
  • 197
  • 198
  • 194

Question 86

Question
A study finds a correlation coefficient of 0.5, what amount of variance is left unexplained?
Answer
  • 50%
  • 75%
  • 40%
  • 64%

Question 87

Question
A study finds an effect size of 64%, what is the value of Pearson's r?
Answer
  • 0.64
  • 0.36
  • 0.8
  • 36%

Question 88

Question
What is the basis or logic of inferential statistical tests?
Answer
  • To work out the probability of obtaining an effect due to sampling error when the null hypothesis is true
  • To work out the probability of obtaining an effect due to sampling error when the null hypothesis is false
  • To work out the probability of making a type II error
  • All of the answers

Question 89

Question
Power of an experiment is:
Answer
  • α
  • The ability of the experiment to reject the null hypothesis if it is, in fact, false
  • The sensitivity of participants to your experimental manipulation
  • All of the answers

Question 90

Question
How do we denote power?
Answer
  • α
  • 1 - α
  • β
  • 1 - β

Question 91

Question
Quasi-experimental designs have?
Answer
  • Non-random allocation of participants to conditions
  • An IV and a DV
  • No IV or DV
  • Both an IV and a DV as well as non-random allocation of participants in conditions

Question 92

Question
The higher the t-value, the more likely it is that the differences between groups are:
Answer
  • A result of sampling error
  • Not a result of sampling error
  • Similar to each other
  • None of the answers

Question 93

Question
The effect size for independent groups, d, can be calculated by:
Answer
  • (Mean 1 - Mean 2) / mean SD
  • (Mean 1 + Mean 2) / mean SD
  • (Mean 1 - Mean 2) / SEM
  • (Mean 1 + Mean 2) / SEM

Question 94

Question
Power is the ability to detect:
Answer
  • A statistically significant effect where one exists
  • A psychologically important effect where one exists
  • Both Statistically and Psychologically important
  • Design flaws

Question 95

Question
A researcher has found a correlation coefficient of r=+.3, CI(95%) = -.2 - (+.7). Which is the most sensible conclusion? We are 95% confident that the population regression line would be:
Answer
  • Positive (+.3)
  • Zero
  • Negative (-.2)
  • Between -.2 and +.7

Question 96

Question
When the between-groups variance is a lot larger than the within-groups variance, the F-value is _____ and the likelihood of such a result occurring by sampling error ____.
Answer
  • Large;Increases
  • Large;Decreases
  • Small;Increases
  • Small;Decreases
Show full summary Hide full summary

Want to create your own Quizzes for free with GoConqr? Learn more.

Similar

Statistics Vocab
Nabeeha Yusuf
Statistics Key Words
Culan O'Meara
History of Psychology
mia.rigby
Biological Psychology - Stress
Gurdev Manchanda
Bowlby's Theory of Attachment
Jessica Phillips
Psychology subject map
Jake Pickup
Psychology A1
Ellie Hughes
Memory Key words
Sammy :P
Psychology | Unit 4 | Addiction - Explanations
showmestarlight
The Biological Approach to Psychology
Gabby Wood
SAMPLING
Elliot O'Leary
Browse Library