Question 1
Question
People with APD do not have poor [blank_start]social[blank_end] skills. APD is a condition where individuals [blank_start]ignore[blank_end] the rights of others and do not use socially acceptable behaviour. They do not abide by the [blank_start]law[blank_end]. They lie, steal, and can be [blank_start]aggressive[blank_end]. They can also be witty and [blank_start]charming[blank_end] but the may struggle to have and keep a job, friends or be a [blank_start]good parent[blank_end]. It affects 3% of males and 1% of women and [blank_start]75%[blank_end] of the prison population.
Answer
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social
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physical
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emotional
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language
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ignore
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intimidate
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encourage
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law
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rules
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expectations of others
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aggressive
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intimidating
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angry
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charming
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cheerful
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chirpy
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cheesy
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good parent
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sensible citizen
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caring sibling
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75%
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65%
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45%
Question 2
Question
APD cannot be diagnosed until an individual is 18 years old.
Question 3
Question
To be diagnosed with APD the individual must have 3 or more characteristics. From the list below choose 4 that count.
Answer
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Not following the norms of society
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Being a criminal
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Being careless about their safety and others
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Taking drugs
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Being impulsive and not planning ahead
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Being irresponsible and not holding down a job/paying money back
Question 4
Question
Researchers believe that the biology of the individual is to blame. They have focussed on 3 areas of the brain. Which 3?
Answer
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Reticular formation: helps processing of information we can ignore or act upon
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Amygdala: located in our primitive Limbic system it is part of the fear and emotional response
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Pre frontal cortex: situated in the frontal lobe it processes/regulates expression of personality and behaviour
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Medulla Oblongata: regulates breathing, heart rate and other automatic processes
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Cerebral cortex (grey matter): involved in sensation, memory, speech, sight, hearing and muscle control
Question 5
Question
The amygdala is responsible for learning from the negative consequences of our actions.
Question 6
Question
The [blank_start]amygdala[blank_end] is affected in people with APD. As a result they do not learn to avoid behaviour that [blank_start]harms[blank_end] themselves or other people. They are not affected by the [blank_start]distress[blank_end] that their victims show. [blank_start]Reduction[blank_end] of grey matter has been associated with this as it enables people to learn the [blank_start]social and moral[blank_end] behaviour of society and feel [blank_start]guilt[blank_end]. If this is [blank_start]smaller[blank_end] they are more likely to behave [blank_start]badly[blank_end] and not worry about the impact.
Answer
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amygdala
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hypothalamus
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harms
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destroys
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supports
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distress
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anger
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hopelessness
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Reduction
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Increase
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social and moral
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legal and expected
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guilt
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pleasure
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smaller
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larger
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badly
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well
Question 7
Question
Raine et al (2000) studied APD. Below are 2 aims, 2 methods, 2 results and 2 conclusions but only 1 of each are right. Can you pick the right ones.
Answer
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Aim: To support the theory that APD is abnormal
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Aim: To support the theory that abnormalities in the prefrontal cortex cause APD
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Method: CT scanning was used to check the brain for abnormalities in 2 groups of men. All were volunteers.
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Method: MRi scanning was used to study 21 men with APD and 34 healthy men. All were volunteers.
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Results: The APD group had an 11% reduction in grey matter compared to the control.
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Results: There was an 11% difference between the 2 groups of men.
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Conclusion: There is a biological difference in the brains of those with APD.
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Conclusion: APD is directly related to a reduction in grey matter.
Question 8
Question
This study supported the biological explanation of APD
Question 9
Question
This study only studied males and volunteers which might have affected the findings.
Question 10
Question
This study can be generalised to all areas of the population.
Question 11
Question
Behaviours linked to one brain area might be as a result from a deficit in another area making APD more complex than this study suggests.