Treatment

Psychotherapy is a form of therapy in which a trained professional uses methods based on psychological theories to help a person with psychological problems

The goals of therapy are

The two types of therapies are Semi-medical and psychotherapies

The types of psychotherapies are

Individuals are considered patients regarding life and social problems, and clients in the biomedical approach.

Therapeutic alliance is the mutual relationship that a client or patient establishes with a family member.

[blank_start]Psychodynamic[blank_end] therapies are the assumption that [blank_start]problems[blank_end] are caused by [blank_start]psychological[blank_end] tension between [blank_start]unconscious[blank_end] impulses and life [blank_start]constraints[blank_end]. The most prominent is [blank_start]psychoanalysis[blank_end], which is a [blank_start]Freudian[blank_end] idea about exploring relationship between current [blank_start]symptoms[blank_end] and inner [blank_start]conflicts[blank_end]. The goal is to establish [blank_start]intrapsychic[blank_end] harmony, release [blank_start]repression[blank_end] and gain [blank_start]insight[blank_end] into problems. This is also called insight [blank_start]therapy[blank_end].

Free association is the inability or unwillingness to discuss certain ideas, desires or experiences

Free Association is the reporting of thoughts, wishes, physical sensations, and mental images as mind wanders freely. Catharsis- released repressed material

Psychodynamic techniques include

Examining the content of a person's dreams to discover the underlying or disguised motivations and symbolic meanings of significant life experiences and desires is called Dream Analysis

Transference is when

[blank_start]Behaviour[blank_end] therapies focus on [blank_start]observable[blank_end] behaviours and learning processes. The goal is to unlearn [blank_start]maladaptive[blank_end] behaviour and replace them with [blank_start]adaptive[blank_end] behaviour. It is the [blank_start]systematic[blank_end] use of [blank_start]principles[blank_end] of learning to increase the [blank_start]frequency[blank_end] of desired behaviours and/or [blank_start]decrease[blank_end] that of [blank_start]problem[blank_end] behaviours. Often used in treating fears, [blank_start]compulsions[blank_end], depression, addictions, aggression and delinquency.

The key issue of behaviour therapy is of generalization from therapy to real-life

counterconditioning is

Counterconditioning can include

In regards to [blank_start]counter[blank_end] conditioning, exposure therapy involves [blank_start]confronting[blank_end] anxiety-causing situations (using imagination, reality or virtual reality). Systematic desensitization is [blank_start]psychologically[blank_end] confronting the feared stimulus while being relaxed and doing so in a graduated sequence. The three steps include: [blank_start]identification[blank_end] of stimuli, progressive relaxation, imagined exposure.

Aversion therapy

One way to do contingency management involves positive reinforcement, which is modifying frequency of desirable response as it replaces an undesirable response

Contingency management can include

Cognitive therapy is an attempt to replicate problem feelings and behaviors by emphasizing the way a client should act towards others.

Some therapies try to change false beliefs based on

[blank_start]Cognitive[blank_end] therapy (Beck)- challenge [blank_start]client's[blank_end] basic [blank_start]assumptions[blank_end], [blank_start]evaluate[blank_end] evidence for accuracy of [blank_start]thoughts[blank_end], reattribute [blank_start]blame[blank_end], discuss alternative [blank_start]solutions[blank_end] (used most often for depression).

Ellis' rational-emotive therapy is belief that transformation of irrational beliefs that cause undesirable behaviours and emotional reactions, identifying antecedents, behaviours, and consequences.

Cognitive behavioural therapy separates cognitive emphasis on changing false beliefs from behavioural focus on reinforcement contingencies like self-efficacy.

The core belief of humanistic therapies is that a person is in continual process of change with the freedom to choose, and the goal of self-actualization.

The human-[blank_start]potential[blank_end] movement encompassed methods to [blank_start]enhance[blank_end] the potential of the [blank_start]average[blank_end] human being toward [blank_start]greater[blank_end] levels of [blank_start]performance[blank_end] and greater [blank_start]richness[blank_end] of experience.

Client-centred therapy (Rogers)

Gestalt therapy (Perls) focuses on ways to unite mind and body to make whole, fostering self awareness through empty-chair technique.

[blank_start]Social[blank_end] learning therapy [blank_start]modifies[blank_end] problematic [blank_start]behaviour[blank_end] patterns by [blank_start]arranging[blank_end] conditions in which a client will [blank_start]observe[blank_end] models being reinforced for [blank_start]desirable[blank_end] form of [blank_start]responding[blank_end]. [blank_start]Imitation[blank_end] of models- participant modelling more effective than [blank_start]symbolic[blank_end] modelling [blank_start]Social-skills[blank_end] training- applies [blank_start]behavioural[blank_end] rehearsal to knowing what, how,and when to respond in social [blank_start]situations[blank_end].

family therapy focus on clarifying and improving communication while couple therapy focus on system of relationships and situation rather than dispositional factors.

Group therapy can be effective because

The four main approaches to biomedical therapies are drug, psychosurgery, electroconvulsive therapy (ECT), and repetitive transcranial magnetic simulation (rTMS)

Prefrontal lobotomy is an example of a psychosurgery