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DNA structure, replication and repair

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Quiz on DNA structure, replication and repair, created by Natalina Laria on 03/06/2016.
Natalina Laria
Quiz by Natalina Laria, updated more than 1 year ago
Natalina Laria
Created by Natalina Laria about 8 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
What are the differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells? Check all that apply.
Answer
  • Eukaryotic cells have multiple linear chromosomes whereas prokaryotic cells have a singular circular chromosome
  • Eukaryotic cells contain more genetic information
  • Eukaryotic cells contain membrane bound organelles
  • Prokaryotic cells contain no nucleus
  • Prokaryotic DNA is complexed by histones

Question 2

Question
DNA polymerase I is important in the coordination of leading and lagging strand synthesis
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 3

Question
You receive a nasty sunburn. Your DNA initially attempts to repair this damage through [blank_start]Nucleotide Excision Repair[blank_end].This initial attempt is unsuccessful but the DNA replication blockage is bypassed by [blank_start]Translesion Synthesis[blank_end].
Answer
  • Nucleotide Excision Repair
  • Translesion Synthesis
  • Translesion Synthesis
  • Nucleotide Excision Repair
  • Photoreactivation
  • Mismatch Repair
  • Photoreactivation
  • Mismatch Repair

Question 4

Question
What DNA repair process is shown here?
Image:
fab8c62a-e73e-4ca0-b552-58f51ded2cc4 (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • Homologous End Recombination
  • Non-Homologous End joining
  • Translesion Synthesis

Question 5

Question
This diagram shows [blank_start]Nucleotide Excision Repair[blank_end]
Image:
7a12aa04-2e25-4a21-9c22-07de45d84073 (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • Nucleotide Excision Repair
  • Base Excision Repair
  • Mismatch Repair
  • Recombination
  • Translesion Synthesis

Question 6

Question
This diagram shows [blank_start]Translesion synthesis[blank_end]
Image:
fc2ba2c9-718f-4354-b3f5-d9121d811dec (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • Translesion synthesis
  • Nucleotide excision repair
  • Photoreactivation
  • Base excision repair

Question 7

Question
Label the newly synthesised strand and the template strand in this diagram of mismatch repair.
Image:
bedcf580-3d36-4e62-9209-5db8de0731a2 (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • New DNA
  • Template (old) DNA strand

Question 8

Question
[blank_start]End-joining repair[blank_end] fixes double stranded breaks and it is an [blank_start]inaccurate[blank_end] repair system.
Answer
  • End-joining repair
  • Mismatch repair
  • inaccurate
  • accurate

Question 9

Question
Origins of replication are usually [blank_start]AT-rich[blank_end] because they are joined by only 2 hydrogen bonds (compared to 3 for [blank_start]G-C pairs[blank_end]) so it requires [blank_start]less[blank_end] energy to separate the DNA strands for replication to begin.
Answer
  • AT-rich
  • GC-rich
  • AU-rich
  • G-C pairs
  • A-T pairs
  • A-U pairs
  • less
  • more

Question 10

Question
[blank_start]Single strand binding protein[blank_end] binds to unwound DNA during replication to prevent the formation of secondary structure or hairpins (or hold the unwound DNA in a rigid, unpaired structure).
Answer
  • Single strand binding protein
  • Primase
  • Heliscase
  • DNA polymerase

Question 11

Question
Label the diagram.
Image:
5ff25caf-b5ff-4fef-8b5a-689f0cfd5c53 (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • Lagging strand
  • Leading strand.
  • Okazaki Fragments
  • Parent strand
  • RNA primer

Question 12

Question
DNA replication is [blank_start]semi-conservative[blank_end]
Image:
37b741e8-afa1-4bb3-b24c-b0b41a8b5207 (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • semi-conservative

Question 13

Question
What are some differences between base excision repair and mismatch repair.
Answer
  • Repair different types of base mismatches: replication errors for MR and modified bases eg by deamination for BER
  • Mismatches are detected differently - MR distinguishes between the parental and newly synthesised strand shortly after DNA replication and corrects the new strand; BER recognises particular incorrect pairs, e.g. those that have arisen by common deamination events and corrects the base that has been deaminated (eg C to U or methylC to T)
  • MR acts straight after replication while BER acts at any time.
  • First step involves removal of base only in BER but involves cutting the DNA backbone in MR, or could express this as glycosylase involved (to remove base) in BER but not MR (if you just mentioned the removal of a base, you needed to specify this was in the first step as both processes involve loss of backbone and repair)
  • Stretch of backbone removed in MR but only 1 nucleotide in BER
  • The backbone is removed by exonuclease in MR but an endonuclease in BER (like point 4 in similarities, you needed to be fairly specific here.
  • The backbone is removed by endonuclease in MR but an exonuclease in BER (like point 4 in similarities, you needed to be fairly specific here.

Question 14

Question
Label the diagram
Image:
73c0d40d-2f38-4496-8428-58a6082c9915 (image/jpeg)
Answer
  • DNA gyrase
  • Origin
  • Single-strand binding proteins
  • DNA helicase

Question 15

Question
Histone [blank_start]H1[blank_end] binds outside the nucleosome and has a structural role
Answer
  • H1
  • H2A
  • H2B
  • H3
  • H4
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