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Mutations

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Undergraduate Genetics and Development Quiz on Mutations, created by Sophie Barrett on 20/02/2014.
Sophie Barrett
Quiz by Sophie Barrett, updated more than 1 year ago
Sophie Barrett
Created by Sophie Barrett almost 11 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
Point mutations affect a large region of the DNA.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 2

Question
Which of the following can cause DNA Mutations?
Answer
  • Chemicals
  • Radiation
  • Medication
  • Errors in DNA Repair Mechanisms

Question 3

Question
In eukaryotes, DNA Mutations that occur in the non-coding regions may still have an affect on the organism.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 4

Question
Most mutations occur in the DNA of germ-line cells.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 5

Question
A new mutation is only of consequence to the next generation if it occurs in germ line cells.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 6

Question
Which of the following is a direct consequence of somatic cell DNA mutation?
Answer
  • Cancer
  • Diabetes
  • Cushing's Syndrome
  • Fatty Liver

Question 7

Question
Ageing may be, in part, a consequence of an accumulation of somatic cell mutations.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 8

Question
Evolution depends on mutations.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 9

Question
How are gene mutations removed from population?
Answer
  • Individuals choose not to mate with another individual carrying mutations.
  • Individuals with mutations choose not to mate with healthy individuals.
  • Mutations that have detrimental effects lower the chance of survival of that individual, a lower chance of reproduction means the genes are not inherited.
  • The DNA splices out mutations when the foetus is developing.

Question 10

Question
A point mutation occurring in non-coding DNA can still be lethal.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 11

Question
Which of the following is NOT a type of DNA mutation?
Answer
  • Insertion or Deletion
  • Base Substitution
  • Base Transportation
  • Large Deletions
  • Point Mutations

Question 12

Question
Roughly what percentage of DNA is non-coding?
Answer
  • 99%
  • 95%
  • 22%
  • 57%

Question 13

Question
Base Transversions involve a purine being replaced by a pyrimidine or vice versa.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 14

Question
How do base transversions affect the DNA?
Answer
  • If a pyramidine is replaced with a purine, the DNA will fall apart.
  • If a purine is added, the DNA will stick to the edge of the nucleolus.
  • The DNA double helix shape will have either a bulge of dip in it.
  • The DNA double helix will not form at all, so these are fatal mutations.

Question 15

Question
Base Transitions can include example such as: G replacing A or T replacing C.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 16

Question
Normal base pairing involves Adenine ( a keto type ) binding with Thymine (also a keto type) with 2 hydrogen bonds.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 17

Question
Normal base pairing involves Cytosine (an amino type) binding to Guanine ( a keto type) with 3 hydrogen bonds.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 18

Question
What are Tautomeric forms of the DNA bases?
Answer
  • Tau protein becomes embedded in the histone proteins.
  • Keto types are transformed into Enol groups and vice versa.
  • They are unable to bind to anything, so the DNA cannot form.

Question 19

Question
Low concentrations of Guanine(enol) exist, so one rare abnormal base pairing is: G(enol) with T(keto).
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 20

Question
Spontaneous mutations can be caused by tautomeric forms of DNA bases. These abnormal bases exist in low concentrations, in equilibrium in the cell. In vitro studies show that what percentage of DNA bases are in the rare abnormal form?
Answer
  • 0.003%
  • 0.1%
  • 1%
  • 0.013%

Question 21

Question
Which of the following statements concerning DNA/RNA proofreading is correct?
Answer
  • DNA Polymerase proofreads DNA and RNA in all organisms.
  • There is no proofreading mechanism available for RNA.
  • Viruses, such as influence and HIV, mutate regularly because they contain DNA polymerase, a mutagen for RNA.

Question 22

Question
One common repair mechanism is that of Alkylation - DNA polymerase alkyl groups, removes and replaces them.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 23

Question
DNA Glycosylase removes and replaces the alkylated base.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 24

Question
What feature of the Genetic Code minimises the chance of disadvantageous and fatal mutations?
Answer
  • We have so much non-coding DNA that we can use that are a repair template.
  • The Degeneracy of the Genetic Code.
  • DNA cannot become mutated once you are born, all mutations occur when you are growing.

Question 25

Question
The mutation causing sickle cell anaemia has not been removed from certain populations because is confers some resistance to...
Answer
  • HIV/AIDS in Caucasian individuals.
  • Malaria in Afro-Carribean individuals.
  • AIDS in children.
  • Lung cancer in Afro-Carribean smokers.

Question 26

Question
Nonsense mutations may lead to a truncated protein. How may this be detrimental?
Answer
  • The protein may become shaped like a elephant's trunk and will adhere to ribosomes.
  • The resulting protein may be missing active sites.
  • The protein might be so small that it can become 'lost' in the cytoplasm, because it can exit the nucleus through the nuclear pores.

Question 27

Question
Transposase is an enzyme which that promtes the jumping of short DNA sequences from one DNA molecule to another.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 28

Question
Chromosomal translocation in the Philadelphia chromosome leads to...
Answer
  • Chronic Myeloid Leukaemia
  • Acute Lymphoblastic Leukaemia
  • A predisposition to Pancreatic Cancer.
  • Chronic Anaemia
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