2016-09-07 Study 2

Hawkins-Kennedy test Start: Shoulder in 90 degrees flexion, elbow in 90 degrees flexion and some internal rotation so that the arm is parallel to the ground

O'Brien's Test With the patient in sitting or standing, the upper extremity to be tested is placed in 90° of shoulder flexion and 10-15° of horizontal adduction The patient then fully internally rotates the shoulder and pronates the elbow The examiner provides a distal stabilizing force as the patient is instructed to apply an upward force The procedure is then repeated in a neutral shoulder and forearm position A positive test occurs with pain reproduction or clicking in the shoulder with the first position and reduced/absent with the second position Depth of symptoms must also be assessed as superficial pain can indicate acromioclavicular joint symptoms and deep pain is more more often a sign of a labral lesion

Yergason's Test The patient should be seated or standing, with the humerus in neutral position and the elbow in 90 degrees of flexion. The patient is asked to externally rotate and supinate their arm against the manual resistance of the therapist.[1] Yergason's Test is considered positive if pain is reproduced in the bicipital groove during the test

Empty Can Test The patient can be seated or standing for this test. The patient's arm should be elevated to 90 degrees in the scapular plane, with the elbow extended, full internal rotation, and pronation of the forearm. This results in a thumbs-down position, as if the patient were pouring liquid out of a can. The therapist should stabilize the shoulder while applying a downwardly directed force to the arm, the patient tries to resist this motion. This test is considered positive if the patient experiences pain or weakness with resistance.

Neer's Test: The examiner should stabilize the patient's scapula with one hand, while passively flexing the arm while it is internally rotated. If the patient reports pain in this position, then the result of the test is considered to be positive.

Drop arm test The therapist passively raises the patient's arm to 90 degrees of abduction. The patient then lowers the arm back to neutral with the palm down. If the patient's arm drops suddenly or experiences pain, then the test is considered positive.

Infraspinatus test The patient should be standing, with the arm in a neutral position and the elbow flexed to 90 degrees. The therapist will apply a medially directed force to the arm while the patient is instructed to resist. The test is considered positive if the patient reports pain or weakness when resistance is applied.

Speeds test To perform the Speed's Test, the examiner places the patients arm in shoulder flexion, external rotation, full elbow extension, and forearm supination; manual resistance is then applied by the examiner in a downward direction.[1] The test is considered to be positive if pain in the bicipital tendon or bicipital groove is reproduced.

Painful Arc patient should be instructed to abduct the arm in the scapular plane. While abducting the arm, if the patient experiences any pain in and around the glenohumeral joint the patient must tell the physiotherapist what they are experiencing. Once there is an onset of pain the physiotherapist will instruct the patient to continue abducting the arm as high as they can. One the patient gets to approximately 120 degrees of abduction there should be a reduction in the amount of pain being experienced. Following completion of the abduction movement the patient should then slowly reverse the motion, bring the arm back to neutral position via the movement of adduction. This test is considered to be positive if the patient experiences pain between 60 and 120 degrees of abduction which reduces once past 120 degrees of abduction.

external rotation lag sign (ERLS) he ERLS is performed with the patient seated. The elbow is passively flexed to 90° and the shoulder elevated 20° (in the plane of the scapula) and held 5° off maximal external rotation (to avoid elastic recoil of the joint capsule and the scapulothoracic joint). The patient is then asked to maintain the position actively while the examiner releases the wrist while maintaining support through the elbow.