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Ethics Test 2 Study Guide

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Philosophy Quiz on Ethics Test 2 Study Guide, created by Krisha Johnson on 02/10/2016.
Krisha Johnson
Quiz by Krisha Johnson, updated more than 1 year ago
Krisha Johnson
Created by Krisha Johnson about 8 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
Kant’s view is like rule utilitarianism in that
Answer
  • both believe that human happiness is an essential component of what is morally right or wrong
  • both believe that the formulation of rules is an important part of moral reasoning
  • both believe we can be certain about the moral rules we use
  • all of the above

Question 2

Question
According to Kant, it is always wrong to treat a person as a means
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 3

Question
On Kant’s view, telling a person the truth sometimes treats that person merely as a means if the truth is hurtful
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 4

Question
Treating a person better than he or she deserves treats that person as an end by recognizing the intrinsic value of that person
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 5

Question
Which of the following is a correct formulation of Kant’s Categorical Imperative?
Answer
  • Act only on that maxim through which you can at the same time desire that it become a universal law
  • So act as to treat humanity, whether yourself or others, in every case as an end withal, never as a means.
  • People always act on the maxim they can at the same time will that they should become a universal law
  • All of the above
  • None of the above

Question 6

Question
On Kant’s view:
Answer
  • we know that lying promises are wrong because of our universal experience of the pain such things bring
  • we know that lying promises are wrong but future experience might prove us wrong
  • all moral imperatives are hypothetical imperatives
  • All of the above
  • None of the above

Question 7

Question
Kant’s view is an abolitionist view
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 8

Question
One of the problems for Kant’s view is that a moral absolute such as “Always tell the truth” might conflict with the moral absolute, “Always preserve innocent life.” If morals are absolutes and absolutes can conflict, there may be no correct answer as to what to do in some cases.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 9

Question
If a person does what is right out of love for humanity, that person’s act has great moral worth, according to Kant
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 10

Question
If a person does the right thing because reason says to do it, the act has no moral worth unless the person is motivated by love of humanity
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 11

Question
The object of On Liberty is to assert one very simple principle, according to Mill. What is that principle?
Answer
  • The Principle of Utility
  • The Categorical Imperative
  • The Harm Principle
  • The Liberty Principle

Question 12

Question
According to the principle defended in On Liberty,
Answer
  • We are never allowed to interfere in a person’s liberty
  • We are permitted to interfere with a person’s liberty on paternalistic grounds
  • We are never allowed to interfere with an individual’s liberty on paternalistic grounds
  • None of the above

Question 13

Question
Mill argues that the reason we are free is that we are born with inalienable rights, one of them being the right to liberty
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 14

Question
What does Mill mean by “utility” in On Liberty?
Answer
  • Utility in its lowest sense, consisting only in the total quantity of pleasure for all affected.
  • Utility in its largest sense, grounded on the permanent interests of man as a progressive being
  • He means that we are born with inalienable natural rights

Question 15

Question
If a controversial view is true and the majority believes that the contrary view is false, the controversial view should not be allowed because it will make the majority unhappy, according to Mill.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 16

Question
If a view is false and offensive to the greatest number, it should not be allowed because of the pain it will produce
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 17

Question
Which of the following is true regarding Mill’s view on the liberty of action?
Answer
  • We are free to do only those actions that promote the greatest good for the greatest number
  • We are free to do anything at all we want to do
  • We are free to do anything we choose so long as it does not harm others
  • None of the above

Question 18

Question
Does Mill think we should be able to do things that hurt ourselves if they only hurt ourselves?
Answer
  • Yes, because Mill hated people and hoped they would kill themselves
  • No, because when persons hurt themselves, even if they hurt only themselves, the amount of pain in the world increases.
  • Yes, because allowing people to choose for themselves in an indispensable element in utility in the largest sense grounded on the permanent interests of man as a progressive being
  • None of the above

Question 19

Question
What is Mill’s view of what he calls “experiments in living?
Answer
  • They should be allowed only if they provide the greatest good for the greatest number
  • They should be allowed (if people want to try them) so that we can progress
  • Experience has shown that new ways of living produce more harm than good

Question 20

Question
According to Mill, unless a view is defended fully, frequently, and fearlessly
Answer
  • it will be held as a dead dogma, not as a living truth
  • it will be held in the manner of a prejudice with little comprehension or feeling of its rational grounds
  • the meaning of the doctrine itself will be in danger of being lost, or enfeebled, and deprived of its vital effect on the character and conduct
  • All of the above

Question 21

Question
Mill argues that in every conceivable case, utility is maximized by allowing a view to be promoted rather than by suppressing that view. How many conceivable cases are there?
Answer
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • There are an infinite number of cases.

Question 22

Question
One of the problems raised against utilitarianism concerns justice. What is the problem?
Answer
  • It is well known that utilitarians are unjust by nature
  • Actions don’t have consequences after all
  • If an unjust act promotes more utility than a just act, utilitarianism seems to say the unjust act is the right act
  • It is not just for people to be happy

Question 23

Question
According to rule utilitarianism, the government ought to rule its people harshly to promote the greater good
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 24

Question
Which of the following are raised as objections to utilitarianism?
Answer
  • Violating a person’s rights might promote the greatest good for the greatest number
  • Enslaving a small minority might promote the greatest good for the greatest number
  • Punishing the innocent might promote the greatest good for the greatest number
  • All of the above

Question 25

Question
Act utilitarianism is sometimes called indirect utilitarianism because actions have consequences only indirectly
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 26

Question
According to rule utilitarianism:
Answer
  • We ought to promote the greatest good for the greatest number with each act we do
  • We ought to rule over those who care about self-interest alone
  • We ought to obey the rule that would promote the greatest good for the greatest number
  • All of the above

Question 27

Question
How are we to choose which rules are best, according to rule utilitarianism?
Answer
  • Rules should be selected from holy books
  • Rules should be selected by reason alone
  • Rules should be selected by experience
  • All of the above

Question 28

Question
According to rule utilitarianism, moral rules are intrinsically valuable
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 29

Question
We concluded in class that rule utilitarianism can meet important objections raised against act utilitarianism
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 30

Question
Unlike ethical relativism, which has found little favor among philosophers, many philosophers have thought utilitarianism a plausible theory.
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 31

Question
According to Rule Utilitarianism, justice is intrinsically valuable
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 32

Question
Kant’s view is a rationalist view. That means Kant believes that all moral knowledge comes through experience?
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 33

Question
On Kant’s view, moral truths can be known with certainty?
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 34

Question
Kant’s view is deontological. That means that it is rooted in religious duty rather than consequences?
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 35

Question
Which of the following is an imperative?
Answer
  • People always act on the maxim they can will to be a universal law
  • Treating humanity, whether yourself or others, always as an end and never as a means only is right
  • Act only on the maxim you could will to be a universal law
  • All of the above

Question 36

Question
According to Kant, the only thing good in itself is
Answer
  • Pleasure
  • Happiness
  • The Good Will
  • All of the above

Question 37

Question
A will is a good will if and only if it sincerely desires to do the right thing and always acts according to that desire
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 38

Question
If a person does the right thing by keeping a promise, that act has no moral worth if it is done solely out of love for the person, on Kant’s view
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 39

Question
A hypothetical imperative is in the form, “If you want X, then do Y!”
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 40

Question
Kant thought moral imperatives are hypothetical imperatives?
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 41

Question
A good will, according to Kant, is the will that chooses according to reason and is not swayed by desire.
Answer
  • True
  • False
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