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Lymphatic System

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Chapter 16
kels94
Quiz by kels94, updated more than 1 year ago
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Created by kels94 over 10 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
What is the system made of of cells and biochemicals inside of specialized lymphatic vessels?
Answer
  • cardiac system
  • respiratory system
  • lymphatic system
  • integumentary system

Question 2

Question
The lymphatic system
Answer
  • transports excess fluid away from interstitial spaces
  • functions to defend the body against pathogens
  • clears sinus cavities
  • A & B

Question 3

Question
Lymphatic capillaries
Answer
  • have a similar structure to blood capillaries
  • have closed ends
  • extends into interstitial spaces
  • contains fluid inside the capillaries known as lymph
  • all of the above

Question 4

Question
Lymphatic vessels are ________ than veins
Answer
  • thinner
  • thicker

Question 5

Question
Lymphatic vessels also have _________ ______ to prevent back flow
Answer
  • pulmonary valve
  • bicuspid valves
  • tricuspid valves
  • semilunar valves

Question 6

Question
Lymphatic veins lead to
Answer
  • heart
  • lungs
  • lymph nodes
  • brain

Question 7

Question
After lymphatic vessels leave the lymph nodes, they go to ________ ________
Answer
  • carotid artery
  • lymphatic trunks
  • pancreatic duct
  • medulla oblangata

Question 8

Question
Lymphatic trunks are named for
Answer
  • the area they drain
  • where they are located in the body
  • where they are most prominent

Question 9

Question
Lymphatic ducts drain into two collecting ducts known as
Answer
  • inferior and superior lymphatic ducts
  • major and minor lymphatic ducts
  • thoracic duct and right lymphatic duct
  • right and left lymphatic ducts

Question 10

Question
The thoracic duct is ____________ and ___________ than the right lymphatic duct
Answer
  • shorter and smaller
  • larger and longer
  • narrower and longer
  • thicker and smaller

Question 11

Question
The thoracic duct drains
Answer
  • lower body regions, left upper limb, left side of the head and neck
  • right side of the head and neck, right upper limb, and right thorax
  • right side of body
  • left side of body

Question 12

Question
The right lymphatic duct drains
Answer
  • the right side of the head and neck, right upper limb, and right thorax
  • lower body regions, left upper limb, left side of head and neck
  • right side of body
  • left side of body

Question 13

Question
Lymph is a ___________ __________ that has entered a lymphatic capillary
Answer
  • plasma membrane
  • interstitial fluid
  • tissue fluid
  • mucous membrane

Question 14

Question
__________ ________ forms when water and small molecules are pushed from the plasma in blood capillaries
Answer
  • lymphatic fluid
  • tissue fluid
  • interstitial fluid
  • plasma membranes

Question 15

Question
Tissue fluid is the same _____________ as plasma, just without the plasma proteins
Answer
  • viscosity
  • thickness
  • composition
  • weight

Question 16

Question
What causes the reabsorption of most of the tissue fluid back into blood capillaries?
Answer
  • Osmosis
  • Diffusion
  • Filtration
  • Plasma colloid osmotic pressure

Question 17

Question
What is the substance that does not get reabsorbed into blood capillaries?
Answer
  • tissue fluid
  • interstitial fluid
  • plasma proteins
  • white blood cells

Question 18

Question
The increase in what caused by increasing tissue fluid pushes the fluid into the lymphatic capillaries?
Answer
  • colloid osmotic pressure
  • hyrdostatic pressure
  • osmosis
  • diffusion

Question 19

Question
Consequently, the increase in hydrostatic pressure caused by increasing tissue fluid into the lymphatic capillaries produces?
Answer
  • plasma
  • mucous
  • lymph
  • erythrocytes

Question 20

Question
Lymph formation from tissue fluid prevents _________ (aka edema)?
Answer
  • accumulation
  • clotting
  • gas exchange
  • all of the above

Question 21

Question
Lymph function includes
Answer
  • absorption of dietary fat
  • returns small proteins filtered in blood capillaries back to the blood
  • transports foreign particles (bacteria and viruses) to lymph nodes
  • all of the above

Question 22

Question
Lymphatic capillaries have a flap-like valve that opens when pressure outside is greater than pressure inside and closes during the opposite. What is responsible for this?
Answer
  • holes in capillaries
  • epithelial cells overlapping (but not attached to one another)
  • slits in capillaries

Question 23

Question
The epithelial cells of the lymphatic capillaries are attached to connective tissue through filaments. This helps maintain
Answer
  • rigidity
  • elasticity
  • lumen of capillary
  • plasma membrane

Question 24

Question
Lymph vessels work by
Answer
  • muscle activity that causes the bulk to flow
  • pressure changes in the abdominal and thoracic cavity
  • contraction of lymphatic walls in larger vessels
  • all of the above

Question 25

Question
Lymph flow is greatest during:
Answer
  • rest
  • heightened emotions
  • physical exercise
  • infection

Question 26

Question
Lymph nodes include
Answer
  • lymphatic vessels
  • hilum, afferent and efferent vessels
  • none of the above
  • all of the above

Question 27

Question
What is responsible for extending into the node and dividing the node into compartments
Answer
  • hilum
  • afferent vessels
  • efferent vessels
  • capsule of connective tissue

Question 28

Question
Lymph ________ flow where lymph can flow
Answer
  • sinuses
  • capillaries
  • vessels
  • tissue fluid

Question 29

Question
__________ ________ are the functional units of the node
Answer
  • lymphatic capillaries
  • lymphatic nodules
  • lymphatic vessels
  • afferent vessels

Question 30

Question
What is found in groups or chains along the paths of large lymph vessels?
Answer
  • lymphatic tissue
  • tissue fluid
  • interstitial fluid
  • lymph nodes

Question 31

Question
Places for _____ _____ includes the cervical region, axillary region, supratroclear region, inguinal region, pelvic cavity, abdominal cavity, and thoracic cavity.
Answer
  • lymphatic vessels
  • lymphatic capillaries
  • tissue fluid
  • lymph nodes

Question 32

Question
The two primary functions of lymph nodes are:
Answer
  • filter potentially harmful particles and monitor body fluids
  • drain infectious agents and maintain body temperature
  • maintain homeostasis and regulate hormones
  • none of these

Question 33

Question
Lymph nodes are the site of _________ production
Answer
  • macrophage
  • lymphocyte
  • erythrocyte
  • leukocyte

Question 34

Question
What "lives" in lymph nodes and engulfs and destroys foreign substances, damaged cells, and cellular debris
Answer
  • lymphocyte
  • leukocyte
  • macrophage
  • erythrocyte

Question 35

Question
What lymphatic organ shrinks in size after puberty?
Answer
  • thymus
  • spleen
  • liver
  • kidney

Question 36

Question
In the thymus, what is replaces lymphatic tissue as one becomes elderly?
Answer
  • adipose and elastic tissues
  • elastic and connective tissues
  • adipose and connective tissues
  • fibrous and connective tissues

Question 37

Question
The thymus houses _______ that develop into bone marrow. These are __________ and _________.
Answer
  • thymocytes; lymphocytes and thymosins
  • leukocytes; thymocytes and thymosins
  • thymocytes; lymphocytes and leukocytes
  • lymphocytes ; thymocytes and thymosins

Question 38

Question
The ______ is the largest lymphatic organ
Answer
  • thymus
  • spleen
  • liver
  • kidney

Question 39

Question
The spleen resembles a lymph node, as it contains _____ and _____
Answer
  • afferent and efferent vessels
  • hilum and lobules
  • macrophages and lymphocytes
  • lymphatic vessels and capillaries

Question 40

Question
Spaces in the spleen are filled with ______ as opposed to _______
Answer
  • blood; lymph
  • mucous; blood
  • lymph; blood
  • blood; mucous

Question 41

Question
The two types of tissue in the lobules are
Answer
  • Red pulp and white pulp
  • green pulp and yellow pulp
  • blue pulp and red pulp
  • yellow pulp and red pulp

Question 42

Question
White pulp of the spleen looks like ______ and contains _______
Answer
  • rods; macrophages
  • rectangles; leukocytes
  • islands; lymphocytes
  • squares; thymocytes

Question 43

Question
Red pulp of the spleen fills the remaining spaces of the lobules and is filled with ____________, __________, ___________
Answer
  • red blood cells, white blood cells, macrophages
  • red blood cells, lymphocytes, macrophages
  • lymphocytes, macrophages, thymosins
  • macrophages, thymosins, thymocytes

Question 44

Question
Blood capillaries in red pulp are ________, and ____________ may pass through.
Answer
  • impermeable; nothing
  • permeable; white blood cells
  • permeable; red blood cells
  • permeable; lymph

Question 45

Question
____________ and _____________ of the spleen work to keep the blood clean of particles, bacteria, and viruses.
Answer
  • red pulp and white pulp
  • thymosins and thymocytes
  • macrophages and lymphocytes
  • B-cells and T-cells

Question 46

Question
Essentially the spleen is responsible for:
Answer
  • lymph node regulation
  • filtration and monitoring of the blood
  • homeostasis
  • movement

Question 47

Question
The human body must defend against bacterial, viral, fungal, and parasitic infections. In order to do this, the body must
Answer
  • prevent entry
  • destroy pathogens after they enter the body
  • create acid to kill organisms
  • A and B

Question 48

Question
The two types of responses for destroying pathogens are
Answer
  • fast and slow
  • high and low risk
  • innate and adaptive
  • common and uncommon

Question 49

Question
______ are responses that act the same way for every pathogen.
Answer
  • innate (nonspecific)
  • adaptive (specific)
  • immediate
  • gradual

Question 50

Question
________ are responses that act a particular way for a specific pathogen
Answer
  • innate (non-specific)
  • adaptive (specific)
  • immediate
  • gradual

Question 51

Question
Species resistance, mechanical barriers, chemical barriers, natural killer cells, inflammation, phagocytosis, and fever are examples of
Answer
  • innate response
  • adaptive response
  • immediate response
  • gradual response

Question 52

Question
Specialized lymphocytes recognizing non-self antigens, B-cells, and T-cells are examples of
Answer
  • innate defense
  • adaptive defense
  • immediate defense
  • gradual defense

Question 53

Question
As far as innate defenses, one species is not affected by the disease of another because the cells of the unaffected species have:
Answer
  • too many receptors for the pathogen
  • non-compatibility
  • no receptors for pathogen, incorrect temperature or chemical environment
  • none of the above

Question 54

Question
Skin, mucous membranes of respiratory tract, tears, sweat, urine, and saliva make up the "________________" and are _______ _________.
Answer
  • second line of defense; adaptive defenses
  • first line of defense; innate responses
  • mechanisms of defense; superficial defenders

Question 55

Question
Enzymatic, accumulation of salt from perspiration, and interferons are also part of _________ _________, are known as chemical barriers (or the ___________________).
Answer
  • adaptive defense; second line defenses
  • innate defense; first line defense
  • innate defense; second line defense

Question 56

Question
___________ are hormone like peptides released by lymphocytes and fibroblasts in response to viral infections. They stimulate cells to synthesize proteins that block the replication of a variety of viruses and stimulate phagocytosis.
Answer
  • Enzymatic
  • phagocytes
  • macrophages
  • interferons

Question 57

Question
The ________ ______ is a group of proteins in plasma and other body fluids that react with pathogens and begin a biochemical cascade.
Answer
  • Complement System
  • Enzymatic proteins
  • Interferon groups
  • plasma clots

Question 58

Question
The ________ ______ is a group of proteins in plasma and other body fluids that react with pathogens and begin a biochemical cascade.
Answer
  • Complement System
  • Enzymatic proteins
  • Interferon groups
  • plasma clots

Question 59

Question
Complement contains to pathways known as
Answer
  • main and side pathways
  • enzymatic and interferon pathways
  • classical and alternative pathways
  • superior and inferior pathways

Question 60

Question
Complement activation stimulates
Answer
  • inflammation
  • attracts phagocytes
  • enhances phagocytosis
  • all of the above

Question 61

Question
The pathway that causes protein to bind to the antibody attached to the specific antigen is
Answer
  • enzymatic pathway
  • alternative pathway
  • classical pathway
  • superior pathway

Question 62

Question
This pathways occurs in the absence of antibodies in response to foreign antigens - binding does not have to happen
Answer
  • classical pathway
  • interferon pathway
  • alternative pathway
  • enzymatic pathway

Question 63

Question
Natural killer cells derive from a small population of
Answer
  • macrophages
  • lymphocytes
  • interferons
  • complements

Question 64

Question
The lymphocytes in natural killer cells are different than the lymphocytes that provide
Answer
  • innate immunity
  • adaptive immunity
  • complements

Question 65

Question
Natural killer cells secrete ______ that destroys the cell membrane of infective cells
Answer
  • enzymes
  • lymph
  • perforins
  • serum

Question 66

Question
Natural killer cells secrete chemicals that increase ____________
Answer
  • temperature
  • blood flow
  • heart rate
  • inflammation

Question 67

Question
Histamine released localized redness, swelling, heat, and pain can be defined as
Answer
  • infection
  • injury
  • inflammation
  • disease

Question 68

Question
What accumulates at the site of inflammation?
Answer
  • red blood cells
  • white blood cells
  • lymph
  • plasma

Question 69

Question
What is responsible for "walling off" the inflamed area?
Answer
  • fibroblasts
  • tissue fluids
  • white blood cells
  • lymph

Question 70

Question
Fibroblasts "wall off" inflammation to
Answer
  • maintain blood flow
  • phagocytize pathogen
  • isolate the pathogen
  • all of the above

Question 71

Question
What removes foreign particles from lymph?
Answer
  • inflammation
  • fever
  • phagocytosis
  • natural killer cells

Question 72

Question
fibrinogen turns into fibrin, which starts the ___________ process
Answer
  • inflammatory
  • clotting
  • phagocytosis
  • enzymatic

Question 73

Question
Fever causes the liver to hold onto ________, which in turn starves the pathogen - especially in __________.
Answer
  • sodium; viruses
  • iron; bacteria
  • calcium; pathogens
  • phosphate; viruses

Question 74

Question
Viral/bacterial infections stimulate lymphocytes to proliferate and produce ________, which is responsible for a fever.
Answer
  • interleukin 1
  • interleukin 2
  • phagocytosis
  • inflammation

Question 75

Question
Fever causes __________ cells to attack pathogens more rigorously.
Answer
  • natural killer
  • phagocytic
  • enzymatic
  • inflammatory

Question 76

Question
Adaptive immunity is the ____ line of defense.
Answer
  • 1
  • 2
  • 3
  • 4

Question 77

Question
The resistance to specific pathogens or their toxins/metabolic products is known as
Answer
  • susceptibility
  • immunity
  • resistance
  • none of the above

Question 78

Question
_________ allow the body to recognize it's "self" v "non-self"
Answer
  • pathogens
  • white blood cells
  • lymphocytes
  • antigens

Question 79

Question
Anything that illicits an immune response, but is NOT an pathogen itself is known as
Answer
  • antibody
  • antigen
  • leukocyte
  • lymphatic cell

Question 80

Question
Proteins, polysaccharides, glycoproteins, and glycolipids can all be
Answer
  • pathogens
  • antigens
  • antibodies
  • enzymes

Question 81

Question
_____________ and _________ recognize "self" v "non-self" antigens and carry out the adaptive immune response
Answer
  • antigens and pathogens
  • leukocytes and red blood cells
  • lymphocytes and macrophages
  • B and T cells

Question 82

Question
Lymphocytes originate in
Answer
  • red bone marrow
  • lymph nodes
  • medulla oblongata
  • spleen

Question 83

Question
About half of lymphocytes reach the thymus, where they become
Answer
  • macrophages
  • thymoisins
  • thymocytes
  • natural killer cells

Question 84

Question
Thymocytes different into _____ cells and make up 70-80% of circulating lymphocytes
Answer
  • B
  • T
  • C
  • D

Question 85

Question
____ cells are found in lymph nodes, thoracic duct, and white pulp of the spleen
Answer
  • T
  • B
  • D
  • E

Question 86

Question
The lymphocytes that remain in the red bone marrow differentiate into __ lymphocytes (or cells)
Answer
  • T
  • B
  • D
  • E

Question 87

Question
__ cells are found in the lymph nodes, spleen, bone marrow, and intestinal lining, and make up 20-30% of circulating lymphocytes
Answer
  • T
  • B
  • C
  • D

Question 88

Question
B and T cells originate from a single cell forming a _____ of cells
Answer
  • division
  • clone
  • separation

Question 89

Question
Members of a variety of B or T cells share _________ receptors that only respond to a specific antigen
Answer
  • chemical
  • temperature
  • pathogen
  • antigen

Question 90

Question
___ cells must be activated before it can respond to an antigen because they interact directly with infected cells
Answer
  • B
  • T
  • C
  • D

Question 91

Question
The activation of T cells must occur via an _________ -__________ cell. These include: macrophages, B-cells, and several others
Answer
  • pathogen-activating
  • antigen-activating
  • clotting-activating
  • plasma-activating

Question 92

Question
Macrophage engulfs cell, lysosome digests bacteria, bacterial antigens leave lysosome and move to the surface of a macrophage are all results of
Answer
  • B cell activation
  • D cell activation
  • natural killer cells
  • T cell activation

Question 93

Question
____ cell activation is displayed near major histacompatability complex (MHC) or human leukocyte antigens (HLA)
Answer
  • B
  • C
  • T
  • D

Question 94

Question
What is it called when activated T cells can interact directly with the antigen presenting cell?
Answer
  • T cell activation response
  • cellular immune response
  • cell-mediated immunity
  • B & C

Question 95

Question
____ cells make and secrete cytokines which enhance cellular responses to antigens, as well as secrete toxins to kill antigen-bearing target cells (growth inhibiting factors against target cells)
Answer
  • A
  • B
  • T
  • F

Question 96

Question
_________ cells becomes activated when its antigen receptor combines with the displayed foreign antigen; also stimulates B cells through cytokines to produce antibodies
Answer
  • cytotoxic T cells
  • Helper T cells
  • activated T cells
  • unactivated T cells

Question 97

Question
The CD4 helper T cell is the target of
Answer
  • herpes
  • HIV
  • influenza
  • syphallis

Question 98

Question
Helper T cells produce
Answer
  • cytotoxic T cells
  • B cells
  • natural killer cells
  • lymphocytes

Question 99

Question
Cytotoxic T cells recognize
Answer
  • pathogens
  • self-antigens
  • non-self antigens on virally infected and cancer cells
  • none of these

Question 100

Question
__________ (interluekin 2) from an activated helper T cell activate the cytotoxic T cell and helps it to proliferate
Answer
  • Enzymatic
  • Cytokines
  • Plasmids

Question 101

Question
Cytotoxic T cells bind to antigen bearing cells to produce
Answer
  • natural killer cells
  • plasmids
  • antibodies
  • perforins

Question 102

Question
What cells help for future immune protection
Answer
  • helper T cells
  • cytotoxic T cells
  • memory T cells
  • B cells

Question 103

Question
Memory T cells derive from
Answer
  • B cells
  • Helper T cells
  • Natural Killer Cells
  • Cytotoxic T cells

Question 104

Question
CD8 T cells are responsible for messenger T cells. After cellular division, one daughter cell becomes a ____________ and the other becomes a _______
Answer
  • macrophage, lymphocyte
  • cytotoxic T cell; memory T cell
  • natural killer cell; helper T cell

Question 105

Question
________ cells do NOT respond to the original exposure
Answer
  • Memory T cells
  • Cytotoxic T cells
  • Helper T cells
  • B cells

Question 106

Question
Which cell divides and differentiates upon subsequent exposure to the same antigen?
Answer
  • Helper T cells
  • Memory T Cells
  • Cytotoxic T cells
  • B cells

Question 107

Question
_____ cells become activated when antigen interacts with surface receptors
Answer
  • T
  • C
  • B
  • R

Question 108

Question
If a B cell becomes activated when an antigen interacts with surface receptors, it results in ______ of the clone; needs helper T cell
Answer
  • phagocytosis
  • proliferation
  • division
  • multiplication

Question 109

Question
Clones of B cells differentiate into
Answer
  • helper B cells and cytotoxic B cells
  • natural killer cells
  • lymphocytes
  • memory B cells and plasma cells

Question 110

Question
Plasma cells are the cells that produce
Answer
  • antigens
  • clotting factors
  • antibodies
  • enzyme

Question 111

Question
Another word for antibodies is
Answer
  • immunoglobulins
  • antigens
  • humoral agents

Question 112

Question
Immunoglobulins/antibodies can combine with the antigen on the pathogen and act against it, this is known as
Answer
  • reflex response
  • pathogenic response
  • antigenic response
  • humoral response

Question 113

Question
A single B cell can make a _______ response
Answer
  • single
  • multiple
  • duplicate
  • triple

Question 114

Question
Different antigens on the surface of pathogens illicit a response from different B cells; this is known as a ________ (many) response
Answer
  • triadic
  • polyhedral
  • polyclonal
  • multiple

Question 115

Question
Antibody molecules are made of ________ and ______ chains
Answer
  • small and large
  • light and dark
  • dark and heavy
  • heavy and light

Question 116

Question
The light chains of antibodies have fewer
Answer
  • peptide chains
  • amino acids
  • sucrose chains
  • lipids

Question 117

Question
Antibodies have a ___ shape
Answer
  • X
  • H
  • O
  • Y

Question 118

Question
Variable regions of have and light chains allow for specificity to different
Answer
  • pathogens
  • enzymes
  • amino acids
  • antigens

Question 119

Question
Antibodies react to antigens by
Answer
  • Directly attacking antigens
  • activating complement
  • stimulating inflammation
  • all of the above

Question 120

Question
Agglutination, precipitation, and neutralization are responsible in a
Answer
  • direct attack
  • activating of complement
  • stimulating inflammation

Question 121

Question
Agglutination causes antigens to ____, making them easier to find
Answer
  • dissolve
  • clump
  • phagocytize
  • lysis

Question 122

Question
Precipitation causes antigens to become insoluble in
Answer
  • water
  • lipids
  • blood
  • plasma

Question 123

Question
When an antibody attaches to toxic portions of antigen and eliminates the effect, it is called
Answer
  • destruction
  • death
  • lysis
  • neutralization

Question 124

Question
Activation of complement is most important under _____ conditions
Answer
  • dyer
  • normal
  • abnormal

Question 125

Question
_________________ occurs when IgG or IgM antibodies combine with antigens and expose a portion of the constant region; this leads to the initiation of compliment proteins
Answer
  • activation of complement
  • direct attack
  • inflammation

Question 126

Question
Opsonization, chemotaxis, agglutination, lysis, and neutralization are effects of
Answer
  • activation of complement
  • initiation of complement
  • direct attack
  • inflammation

Question 127

Question
IgE promotes
Answer
  • direct attack
  • initiation of complement
  • activation of complement
  • inflammation

Question 128

Question
IgE is found on
Answer
  • mast cells
  • lymphatic cells
  • B cells
  • T cells

Question 129

Question
Complexing with an antigen causes the release of ______ and other biochemicals (which causes vasodilation)
Answer
  • epinephrine
  • norepinephrine
  • histamines
  • antibodies

Question 130

Question
Inflammation can be so intense that it damages
Answer
  • cells
  • antibodies
  • tissues
  • blood vessels

Question 131

Question
The primary immune response first occurs when B and T cells
Answer
  • enzyme
  • antigen
  • pathogen
  • antibody

Question 132

Question
Plasma cells release the antibodies ______ then _____ into the lymph in a primary immune response
Answer
  • IgE then IgM
  • IgM then IgE
  • IgG then IgM
  • IgM then IgG

Question 133

Question
The primary immune response lasts
Answer
  • hours
  • days
  • minutes
  • weeks

Question 134

Question
In a primary immune response, some B cells become
Answer
  • helper cells
  • natural killer cells
  • memory cells
  • cytotoxic cells

Question 135

Question
The secondary immune response is
Answer
  • faster and stronger
  • slower and weaker
  • more dangerous
  • no different

Question 136

Question
In a secondary response, if the memory cells encounter an identical antigen, they can rapidly (a day or two) produce ____ to combat it
Answer
  • IgM
  • IgG
  • IgE
  • IgJ

Question 137

Question
Why do follicular dendritic cells in the lymph nodes slowly release viral antigens after initial infection?
Answer
  • to weaken immune system further
  • to kill any left over pathogens
  • to keep immune system in check; strong.

Question 138

Question
When does naturally acquired active immunity develop?
Answer
  • before exposure to antigen
  • after primary immune response to exposure of live pathogen
  • after secondary immune response to exposure of live pathogen
  • after exposure to dead pathogen

Question 139

Question
An example of artificially acquired active immunity are
Answer
  • cultures
  • vaccinations
  • fruits

Question 140

Question
Antigens that stimulate primary immune response but does not produce symptoms of that disease are known as
Answer
  • medicines
  • vaccinations
  • antigenic factors
  • pathogenic factors

Question 141

Question
bacteria or viruses that have been killed or weakened, toxoids, and single glycoproteins from a pathogen's surface can be used to make
Answer
  • vaccinations
  • steroids
  • pathogens
  • antibodies

Question 142

Question
Artificially acquired passive immunity can be achieved by
Answer
  • taking vitamins
  • injection of antibodies or antitoxins
  • medicine
  • none of the above

Question 143

Question
Artificially acquired passive immunity is _________ _____ and _________ is possible
Answer
  • long term; immunity
  • short term; immunity
  • long term; re-infection
  • short term; reinfection

Question 144

Question
IgG molecules that move from mother to baby through fetal blood supply and breast milk are considered to be
Answer
  • artificially acquired passive immunity
  • naturally acquired passive immunity
  • neither

Question 145

Question
Allergic reactions are very similar to a ________ response
Answer
  • immune
  • homeostasis
  • neither

Question 146

Question
Both allergic reactions and immune responses are due to
Answer
  • sensitizing of macrophages
  • mast cells
  • sensitizing of lymphocytes
  • norepinephrine

Question 147

Question
Allergic reactions are response to _____________ substances
Answer
  • non-harmful
  • harmful
  • pathogenic
  • carcinogenic

Question 148

Question
Allergic reactions may
Answer
  • damage tissues
  • kill brain cells
  • cause blood clotting
  • raise hormone levels

Question 149

Question
Hypersensitivity reactions are also known as
Answer
  • immune responses
  • allergic reactions
  • skin conditions

Question 150

Question
Allergic reactions are triggered by antigens called
Answer
  • histamines
  • epinephrine
  • allergens
  • pathogens

Question 151

Question
Immediate-reaction allergy (type I), antibody-dependent cytotoxic reactions (type II), immune complex reactions (type III), and delayed-reaction allergy (type IV) are all
Answer
  • allergic reactions
  • immune responses
  • allergic categories

Question 152

Question
Immediate-Reaction allergies (type I) is known as
Answer
  • cytotoxic allergies
  • anaphylactic allergies
  • antigen allergies

Question 153

Question
Type I allergic reaction occurs _________ after contact with the allergen
Answer
  • hours
  • weeks
  • minutes
  • months

Question 154

Question
Inherited tendency is to ____________ produce IgE in response to particular antigens
Answer
  • over
  • under
  • not

Question 155

Question
B cells, mast cells, IgE, and allergy mediators (histamine, prostaglandin D2, and leukotrines) are all part of
Answer
  • anaphylaxes
  • mechanism of allergy
  • allergens
  • cytotoxic reactions

Question 156

Question
What cells must be sensitive to the allergen before you can become allergic?
Answer
  • T cells
  • mast
  • B cells
  • luekocytes

Question 157

Question
Because B cells must be sensitive to the allergen before you can become allergic, that means
Answer
  • the first exposure will not cause an allergic reaction
  • exposures after the initial exposure will cause an allergic reaction
  • A & B
  • neither

Question 158

Question
The severe form of Type I allergy is known as
Answer
  • immune response
  • allergic reaction
  • anaphylactic shock

Question 159

Question
Sense of apprehension then body itching and breaking out in hives, vomiting and diarrhea, and difficulty breathing due to face, tongue, and larynx swelling is a result of
Answer
  • allergic reaction
  • allergens
  • anaphylactic shock

Question 160

Question
One can treat anaphylactic shock by
Answer
  • epinephrine
  • emergency tracheotomies
  • neither
  • both

Question 161

Question
Corneas, kidneys, lungs, pancreas, bone marrow, liver, heart, skin are all organs that can be
Answer
  • removed
  • transplanted
  • susceptible to anaphylaxis

Question 162

Question
After an organ transplant, there is a risk of the _____ attacking the _______
Answer
  • host; organ
  • organ; host
  • both
  • neither

Question 163

Question
Tissue rejection resembles the immune response to
Answer
  • hormones
  • antibodies
  • pathogens
  • antigens

Question 164

Question
The speed and severity of a tissue rejection reaction depends on the amount of similarity between recipient and donor's ______ complexes
Answer
  • TRH
  • MHC
  • mast cell
  • histamine

Question 165

Question
When the body fails to be able to differentiate between "self" and "non-self" is called
Answer
  • dissociative disorder
  • identity crisis
  • antibody complex
  • autoimmunity

Question 166

Question
Autoimmunity produces
Answer
  • antibodies
  • autoantibodies
  • enzymes

Question 167

Question
Autoimmunity results in the _____ cells attacking the body's tissues and organs
Answer
  • lymphocytes
  • mast
  • cytotoxic T cells
  • memory T cells

Question 168

Question
An example of autoimmune diseases are
Answer
  • rheumatoid arthritis
  • diabetes type I
  • neither
  • both
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