Copy and Edit

Behavioural Psychology

Description

Bangor University Behavioural psychology module
Ben Armstrong
Quiz by Ben Armstrong, updated more than 1 year ago
Ben Armstrong
Created by Ben Armstrong over 7 years ago
105
4
0

Resource summary

Question 1

Question
Visual analysis involves looking at the level, trend, and __________ of the data.
Answer
  • Generality
  • Variability
  • Mean
  • Mode

Question 2

Question
A common assumption in social science is that variability is ________ to the individual.
Answer
  • Intrinsic
  • Uncontrollable
  • Extrinsic
  • Covert

Question 3

Question
___________ are tentative statements for which further support is sought.
Answer
  • Theories
  • Hypotheses
  • Hypothetico-deductions
  • ABA

Question 4

Question
Behaviour analysis ___________ ‘off-the-shelf’ designs for particular research questions.
Answer
  • Does not have
  • Uses
  • Deductively uses
  • Sparingly uses

Question 5

Question
A ________ of behaviour describes a functional relation between behaviour and controlling variables.
Answer
  • Tactic
  • Theory
  • Principle
  • Hypothesis

Question 6

Question
Inductive approaches involve _____________________________ .
Answer
  • giving prominence to hypothesis testing
  • giving prominence to theory rather than data
  • giving prominence to data rather than theory
  • giving prominence to experimental behaviour analysis

Question 7

Question
Dissimilarity of scores in an experimental condition is called _________.
Answer
  • Trend
  • Variability
  • Stability
  • A non-parametric test

Question 8

Question
When changes in behaviour result from the intervention are meaningful and useful, they are _____________.
Answer
  • reliable and significant
  • statistically significant
  • clinically significant
  • measuring what they are supposed to

Question 9

Question
A/an __________ is a brief but specific statement of what the researcher wants to learn from conducting the experiment.
Answer
  • induction
  • hypothesis
  • experimental question
  • abstract

Question 10

Question
Beginning with a measure of an individual’s behaviour against which an independent variable is measured is called ___________.
Answer
  • establishing a baseline
  • developing a hypothesis
  • measuring trend
  • measuring variability

Question 11

Question
In his book The Behavior of Organisms (1938) Skinner described a science called the ______________.
Answer
  • experimental analysis
  • applied analysis
  • behavioural analysis
  • ABA reversal design

Question 12

Question
______________ is antithetical to determinism, which specifies that behaviour is lawful.
Answer
  • Accidentalism
  • Empiricism
  • Mentalism
  • Materialism

Question 13

Question
Radical behaviourism does not ignore thoughts and feelings, but treats them like other operant behaviours and calls them _________.
Answer
  • emotive behaviours
  • private events
  • private occurrences
  • emotive feelings

Question 14

Question
_____________ are circular arguments that do not help to explain behaviour.
Answer
  • Parsimonious fictions
  • Fictitious explanations
  • Explanatory fictions
  • Facts

Question 15

Question
The principle that conclusions drawn from scientific manipulation are tentative is that of ________________.
Answer
  • philosophic doubt
  • scientific doubt
  • empiricism
  • subjective opinion

Question 16

Question
A behaviour analyst may use some _______________________.
Answer
  • discrete trial teaching as the main approach.
  • discrete trial teaching, but only for children with autism.
  • discrete trial teaching.
  • biased opinion

Question 17

Question
_________________ refers to a variety of techniques designed to reduce the stimulation directly produced by a response.
Answer
  • Planned ignoring
  • Sensory extinction
  • Escape extinction
  • Shaping

Question 18

Question
Allen et al. (2013) found that the presence of manic episode in a woman with schizoaffective disorder and an intellectual disability made challenging behaviour sensitive to attention. This indicated that her challenging behaviour was likely maintained by ____________.
Answer
  • negative reinforcement
  • positive punishment
  • positive reinforcement
  • negative punishment

Question 19

Question
Escape extinction is ___________ for behaviours maintained by social attention.
Answer
  • irrelevent
  • recommended
  • contraindicated
  • highly recommended

Question 20

Question
Holtyn et al. (2014) used negative reinforcement to increase drug abstinence by introducing a _______________ contingent on an employee producing a urine sample showing drug use.
Answer
  • token econonomy
  • base pay reset
  • pay rise
  • sectioning

Question 21

Question
A cumulative record shows the pattern of responding _______ sessions.
Answer
  • across
  • within
  • outside
  • dependent on

Question 22

Question
Under a fixed-time schedule, reinforcers are delivered __________ behaviour.
Answer
  • Irrespective of
  • contingent on
  • after a
  • before a

Question 23

Question
A ________ schedule is an example of a complex schedule of reinforcement.
Answer
  • Variable interval
  • Feedback
  • tandem
  • Fixed ratio

Question 24

Question
The pattern of responding under a fixed-ratio schedule involves a post-reinforcement pause and a series of reinforcers; a pattern which is called ______________.
Answer
  • Pause-and-respond
  • scallop
  • break-and-run
  • time-out

Question 25

Question
A ratio schedule requires a specified number of ___________ since the last reinforcer for the next reinforcer to be obtained.
Answer
  • stimuli
  • seconds
  • reponses
  • minutes

Question 26

Question
Schedule thinning often involves moving from a continuous schedule of reinforcement to an __________ schedule of reinforcement.
Answer
  • intermittent
  • indirect
  • independent
  • complex

Question 27

Question
Sometimes, humans are less sensitive to schedules than animals because of instructional control. Instructional control describes how _____________ interferes with the schedule.
Answer
  • verbal behaviour
  • stimulus control
  • motivating operations
  • copulation

Question 28

Question
One of the limitations of the research on schedules is that a large proportion of it has been conducted using ______________.
Answer
  • positive reinforcement
  • negative reinforcement
  • positive punishment
  • negative punishment

Question 29

Question
Grow et al. (2010) interspersed periods of staff availability with unavailability to put excessive social behaviours of a man with intellectual disabilities under stimulus control. The two schedules (availability and unavailability) were a multiple schedule because they ____________________.
Answer
  • were simultaneous and had discriminative stimuli
  • were successive and had discriminative stimuli
  • were simultaneous and had no discriminative stimuli
  • involved reinforcement

Question 30

Question
Saunders et al. (2005) showed that showing their participants how pieces of paper they had to shred to earn reinforcers under a fixed ratio schedule made the schedule more effective. This is an example of a ___________________.
Answer
  • Post-reinforcement pause
  • Fixed time schedule
  • discriminative stimulus
  • punishment

Question 31

Question
Reinforcement available for responding outside of schedules in the matching law (Re) is called _______________.
Answer
  • Externalising reinforcement
  • Extraneous reinforcement
  • Experimental reinforcement
  • Equal reinforcement

Question 32

Question
In a concurrent schedule, two or more schedules are available at the same time, and they are ______________ .
Answer
  • dependent
  • interdependent
  • independent
  • intradependent

Question 33

Question
Matching law analyses usually use ______ schedules as they produce a high, stable rate of responding.
Answer
  • VR
  • VI
  • FI
  • FR

Question 34

Question
_______________ response effort on an alternative will result in an increase in responding on that alternative.
Answer
  • Decreasing
  • Increasing
  • Not changing
  • Maximising

Question 35

Question
In Herrnstein's (1971) matching law equation, B and R represent _____________________________________ respectively.
Answer
  • behaviour emitted and reinforcers obtained
  • behaviour emitted and reinforcers available
  • behaviour obtained and reinforcers available
  • behaviour obtained and reinforcers obtained

Question 36

Question
The allocation of responses to alternatives in a matching analysis is the _________ response ratio
Answer
  • absolute
  • relative
  • independent
  • reverse

Question 37

Question
Applied situations can often be analysed as ________________________.
Answer
  • concurrent reinforcement schedules
  • nonconcurrent reinforcement schedules
  • mixed reinforcement schedules
  • Stimulus control

Question 38

Question
The opportunity to choose is effective for increasing appropriate behaviour, however it is difficult to tell whether this is because of the reinforcing effects of making a choice, or that making a choice provided access to more reinforcing outcomes. This is called the _____________________________.
Answer
  • choosing effect
  • reinforcing effect
  • differential outcomes effect
  • individual differences

Question 39

Question
Borrero et al. (2007) showed that social interactions were aimed at people in a conversation based on how much reinforcement they provided for interactions (i.e., matching). This finding could be used in a classroom by providing a __________________ for children who call out too often and the opposite for children who do not participate enough.
Answer
  • denser schedule
  • leaner schedule
  • concurrent schedule
  • a more compacted schedule

Question 40

Question
The opportunity to choose tasks, rather than being assigned tasks, might alter the value of escape (i.e., could be a / an __________________ for escape as a reinforcer).
Answer
  • establishing operations
  • abolishing operation
  • concurrent schedule
  • motivating operation

Question 41

Question
Because it can be paired with a wide variety of other reinforcers, money is a _____________________.
Answer
  • generalised unconditioned reinforcer
  • primary reinforcer
  • generalised conditioned reinforcer
  • token economy

Question 42

Question
If you add a response cost to a token economy, you are adding a _____________________.
Answer
  • Negative punisher
  • Negative reinforcer
  • Positive reinforcer
  • Positive punisher

Question 43

Question
______________________ involves using a tone as a conditioned reinforcer in recall ranching of fish.
Answer
  • Implementing a token economy
  • Temporal discrimination
  • Acoustic conditioning
  • Acoustic encoding

Question 44

Question
In a token economy, it is important to clearly explain and arrange how conditioned reinforcers will be ______________________.
Answer
  • exchanged
  • changed
  • unconditioned
  • conditioned

Question 45

Question
A person's _________________ can account for variations in the stimuli that will serve as conditioned reinforcers or punishers for that person.
Answer
  • personality
  • learning history
  • motivation
  • discriminative stimuli

Question 46

Question
A potential mistake in setting up a token economy is to __________________.
Answer
  • stop the person bargaining with you
  • thin the schedule
  • define behaviours poorly
  • make the schedule denser

Question 47

Question
Protopopova and Wynne (2015) found that the behaviour of dogs in a shelter could be improved to increase their chances of adoption. Under a differential reinforcement of other behaviour schedule (DRO), reinforcers are presented ____________________.
Answer
  • at fixed times but only if the undesirable behaviour is not occurring
  • contingent on desirable behaviour
  • contingent on undesirable behaviour
  • regardless of their behaviour (FI)

Question 48

Question
TAGTEACH, which involves a clicker as a conditioned reinforcer for human behaviour, is called __________________.
Answer
  • teaching with unconditioned reinforcement
  • teaching with acoustical guidance
  • conditioned teaching
  • teaching by playing tag

Question 49

Question
The difference between clicker training in animals and TAGTEACH is __________________________________________________________ .
Answer
  • there is no explicit pairing of the sound with a primary reinforcer in TAGTEACH
  • there is no backup reinforcer in TAGTEACH
  • clicker training in animals is more effective
  • TAGTEACH uses a token economy whereby clicker training does not

Question 50

Question
A conditioned reinforcer is also called a _____________________.
Answer
  • primary reinforcer
  • pairing reinforcer
  • secondary reinforcer
  • Token Economy

Question 51

Question
When superstitious behaviour occurs because of something in the environment, it is a Type 2 superstition. Behaviour is under superstitious ______________ control.
Answer
  • causal
  • discriminitive
  • reinforcer
  • correlation

Question 52

Question
Skinner (1948) showed each pigeon in his study engaged in a dominant superstitious response when he delivered reinforcers on a __ schedule of reinforcement.
Answer
  • FR
  • FT
  • VI
  • VR

Question 53

Question
Killeen (1978) showed that superstitious behaviour may not be a result of an inability to discriminate, but of _________ .
Answer
  • chance
  • bias
  • contingency shaping
  • fixed schedules

Question 54

Question
Adventitious reinforcement is when a reinforcer __________ a behaviour but is not caused by it
Answer
  • precedes
  • occurs simultaneously with
  • follows
  • motivates

Question 55

Question
Superstitious behaviour drifts over time because small ______________ in the behaviour are reinforced and become dominant
Answer
  • consistencies
  • variations
  • motivations
  • contingencies

Question 56

Question
Rule-governed behaviour arises with instruction; it is ______________.
Answer
  • shaped
  • affected by contingencies
  • not shaped
  • chained

Question 57

Question
The law of effect is a _______________ ; it’s about things happening close together in time.
Answer
  • temporal law
  • temperate law
  • discriminative law
  • fixed ratio schedule

Question 58

Question
Supersitious behaviour is NOT _____________ .
Answer
  • Difficult to produce
  • persistent
  • Behaviour that drifts over time
  • in fact, real

Question 59

Question
Wager and Morris (1978) found that when a clown dispensed marbles on a fixed-time schedule, children developed superstitious behaviour that was characteristic of scalloped responding under a _____________ schedule.
Answer
  • Fixed-ratio
  • Fixed-interval
  • Variable-ratio
  • Variable-interval

Question 60

Question
A behaviour analytic account of values is that ________________________ .
Answer
  • Values don’t exist
  • Values are unconditioned
  • we learn to call some things good and some things bad
  • Values that exist

Question 61

Question
To facilitate generalisation to the real-world setting when teaching someone to order at McDonalds, you might use a real McDonalds menu during training. This is called _______________ .
Answer
  • multiple exemplar training
  • discrimination training
  • incorporating common stimuli
  • naturally-occuring stimuli

Question 62

Question
A prominent stimulus in the environment can be called _________ .
Answer
  • salient
  • generalisable
  • discrete
  • Insignificant

Question 63

Question
The occurrence of behaviour in untrained settings is ___________.
Answer
  • generalisation
  • discrimination
  • salience
  • incorporating common stimuli

Question 64

Question
Untrained behaviours that are _______________ to the behaviour that was trained appear under response generalisation.
Answer
  • functionally irrelevant
  • functionally equivalent
  • topographically equivalent
  • naturally-occurring stimuli

Question 65

Question
Training can be said to be effective when behaviour comes under the control of ___________________________.
Answer
  • discriminated operants
  • prompts
  • naturally-occurring stimuli
  • incorporating common stimuli

Question 66

Question
Discrimination is when different stimuli ________________________________.
Answer
  • evoke the same response
  • do not evoke the same response
  • evokes a prompt
  • prevents the same response

Question 67

Question
A generalisation gradient shows how much responding occurs as a dimension of the _________________ varies (e.g., colour).
Answer
  • reinforcer
  • discriminative stimulus
  • behaviour
  • stimuli

Question 68

Question
Lalli et al. (1998) found that the probability of self-injurious behaviour varied based on how close the therapist stood to the child. They were able to plot a generalisation gradient and the discriminative stimulus was __________________.
Answer
  • the child
  • the therapist
  • attention
  • the classroom

Question 69

Question
Guttman and Kalish (1956) showed that pigeons' responding to keys that were a slightly different colour to the training key colour made a generalisation gradient. The shape of this gradient was ______________________________ .
Answer
  • a peak in the middle at the training key colour, with fewer and fewer responses the further away the colour was from the training colour.
  • more responding to shades of yellow, with no peak
  • a dip in responses at the training colour, with more responding to other colours
  • a bell-curve

Question 70

Question
When you make a generalisation gradient, you plot the ___________________________________ x- and y-axes, respectively.
Answer
  • dimension of the discriminative stimulus and number of responses
  • number of responses and dimension of the discriminative stimulus
  • number of responses and reinforcers
  • data points

Question 71

Question
The consequence of another person terminating an aversive task, interaction, or activity contingent on a behaviour is ______________________.
Answer
  • Social positive reinforcement
  • Social negative reinforcement
  • Social negative punishment
  • Social positive punishment

Question 72

Question
Automatic reinforcement occurs when _____________________.
Answer
  • behaviour is followed by a conditioned reinforcer
  • behaviour is followed by praise
  • behaviour provides stimulation
  • contingencies are met

Question 73

Question
Indirect methods as also called ______________ because they involve gathering information from people in the environment.
Answer
  • direct observation
  • descriptive methods
  • informant methods
  • covert attention

Question 74

Question
A _______________ involves manipulating antecedents or consequences to determine their effect on behaviour.
Answer
  • functional analysis
  • scatterplot
  • direct observation
  • simple regression

Question 75

Question
In a functional analysis, function is indicated in the condition with the _________________.
Answer
  • the lowest rate of responding
  • the highest rate of responding
  • an average rate of responding
  • generalisation of the behaviour

Question 76

Question
Behaviour change as a result of a specific change in the environment as part of a procedure shows a _____________________.
Answer
  • topography of behaviour
  • functional relation
  • purposeful behaviour
  • generalised behaviour

Question 77

Question
Sharp et al. (2012) showed that liquid rescheduling was effective in decreasing rumination (repetitive regurgitation and re-swallowing of food). Liquid rescheduling is ___________________.
Answer
  • An antecedent intervention
  • An intervention for behaviours maintained by escape
  • A reinforcer
  • A punisher (Frank Castle)

Question 78

Question
Dozier et al. (2011) arranged their functional analysis conditions to reflect the ______________________ of a man's inappropriate sexual behaviour involving feet and shoes. This helped them identify antecedents.
Answer
  • Reinforcers
  • relevant stimulus conditions
  • extinction conditions
  • punishers

Question 79

Question
Scratching a poison ivy rash is an example of _______________________ . A functionally-equivalent response would be to put calamine lotion on it.
Answer
  • Automatic negative reinforcement
  • Automatic positive reinforcement
  • Social negative reinforcement
  • Social positive reinforcement

Question 80

Question
Tangible reinforcement is also called _______________.
Answer
  • escape
  • social positive reinforcement
  • automatic positive reinforcement
  • automatic negative reinforcement

Question 81

Question
Explaining animal behaviour in terms of human motives is _______________________.
Answer
  • problem solving
  • functional equivalence
  • an anthropomorphism
  • preposterous

Question 82

Question
Novel behaviours can arise from trial-and-error, stimulus generalisation, and _____________________.
Answer
  • imitation
  • response generalisation
  • problem solving
  • shaping

Question 83

Question
A dog looking 'guilty' could be negatively reinforced because _______________________.
Answer
  • it results in being petted
  • it results in the scolding stopping
  • it results in being forgiven
  • the dog actually feels guilty

Question 84

Question
When Epstein's pigeons were placed in the problem solving situation there was ________________________________________.
Answer
  • imitation of previous responses
  • shaping of behaviour
  • an initial conflict between responses
  • great cognitions within the pigeons

Question 85

Question
Keeping the Russian anti-tank dogs hungry created _____________________________.
Answer
  • stimulus control
  • a motivating operation
  • generalisation
  • a discriminative stimulus

Question 86

Question
Performing novel behaviours in a situation that you've never been in before to produce certain consequences is __________.
Answer
  • trial and error
  • problem solving
  • anthropomorphising
  • looking like a fool

Question 87

Question
The purpose of conducting a preference assessment for dogs such as in Vicars et al. (2014) is to identify stimuli that might serve as ____________________.
Answer
  • reinforcers
  • motivating operations
  • punishers
  • abolishing operations

Question 88

Question
Vicars et al. (2014) used a paired stimulus preference assessment for dogs. This involved presenting pairs of stimuli from which the dogs could choose, an approach based on _____________________.
Answer
  • Supersitious behaviour
  • Stimulus control
  • the matching law
  • previous research

Question 89

Question
Martin et al. (2011) conducted a functional analysis on a chimpanzee's faeces throwing behaviour. They found that the chimpanzee was engaging in this behaviour ____________________________.
Answer
  • Because it was angry
  • Because it was being punished
  • Because it received reinforcers for doing so
  • because it wanted to be a major league baseball player

Question 90

Question
Improving the quality of life of animals in captivity would NOT include ________________________to manage difficult behaviour.
Answer
  • Environmental enrichment
  • implementing function-based interventions
  • Forcing compliance
  • forcing conformity

Question 91

Question
Criminal profiling is a process by which evidence (particularly that found at a crime scene) is analysed to determine ______________ offender characteristics.
Answer
  • probable
  • personality
  • with certainty
  • deep

Question 92

Question
Kocsis, Hayes, and Irwin (2002) found the _______________ was not a factor in the accuracy of profiling.
Answer
  • gender
  • age
  • experience
  • genetics

Question 93

Question
______________ assumes that offenders engaging in similar behaviours will display similar characteristics.
Answer
  • Homology
  • Behaviourism
  • Empiricism
  • Hetrology

Question 94

Question
Ferguson (2013) suggested that there are only five relevant offender characteristics in a profile - motive, special skills or knowledge of methods and materials, relationship to the victim, __________________ and criminal skill or forensic awareness.
Answer
  • personality
  • knowledge of the crime scene or location
  • history of abuse
  • drunk and disorderly

Question 95

Question
One of the challenges is behaviour analysis of criminal behaviour is that often, the behaviours are _________.
Answer
  • not measurable
  • internal
  • covert
  • overt

Question 96

Question
A challenge in teaching incarcerated offenders new behaviours whilst they are in prison is ______________.
Answer
  • They don’t want to change
  • generalisation to outside settings
  • there is no evidence that it works
  • extensively researched and completely effective

Question 97

Question
Being sent to prison after committing a crime could be a ___________________.
Answer
  • Delayed punisher
  • Punisher with good temporal contiguity
  • Discriminative stimulus for crime
  • an ineffective means of teaching someone a lesson. Bring back public execution! :D

Question 98

Question
Committing crimes can be on _______________ schedule of reinforcement – sometimes you don’t get caught
Answer
  • a continuous
  • no
  • intermittent
  • fixed interval

Question 99

Question
Schnelle et al. (1978) found that adding a helicopter decreased burglaries and the cash benefits outweighed the cost of the helicopter. The helicopter was most likely a ___________________________.
Answer
  • discriminative stimulus for a punisher (being caught)
  • punisher
  • motivating operation
  • reinforcer

Question 100

Question
Bassett and Blanchard (1977) found that the number of behaviours punished and the frequency of punishment increased when a prison token economy was unsupervised. This could have been because implementing punishment was a _____________ for the behaviour of the guards running the token economy.
Answer
  • punisher
  • motivating operation
  • reinforcer
  • jeez why did i even start this quiz 100 QUESTIONS!!!?? you're having a laugh mate...

Question 101

Question
You have been asked to assess and change a child’s disruptive behaviour at school. The teacher reports that he engages in the behaviour most during maths class. When is the best time to observe?
Answer
  • During maths lessons.
  • During all lessons.
  • At home.
  • During school and at home.

Question 102

Question
The research approach that looks at generating theories from carefully collected data is called...
Answer
  • behaviour analysis.
  • deduction.
  • induction.
  • the scientific method.

Question 103

Question
Which of the following is accurate from the perspective of behaviour analysis?
Answer
  • Positive means additive and negative means subtractive.
  • Positive means good and negative means bad.
  • Positive means in the desired direction and negative means contrary to the desired direction
  • Positive means reinforcing and negative means punishing

Question 104

Question
Behaviour analysts look for causes of psychological behaviour in the...
Answer
  • mind.
  • behaver’s repertoire.
  • DSM.
  • environment

Question 105

Question
Behaviour can be defined as...
Answer
  • anything a person does.
  • the interaction of an organism in an environment.
  • thoughts and feelings.
  • all of the answers

Question 106

Question
Which of the following is a principle?
Answer
  • Shaping
  • Reinforcement
  • Chaining
  • Discrimination training

Question 107

Question
The use of visual analysis requires which of the following assumptions?
Answer
  • That the data are accurate.
  • That all variables (other than the independent variable) were held consistent across phases
  • That the baseline comes first followed by intervention.
  • The data is accurate, and the variables are consistent

Question 108

Question
The experimental analysis of behaviour as defined by Skinner, involves:
Answer
  • Mentalisms
  • Hypothetical constructs
  • A focus on the environment
  • A focus on the cognitions

Question 109

Question
The dimension of applied behaviour analysis ‘generality’ refers to...
Answer
  • Behaviour change being meaningful
  • Behaviour change persisting across time
  • Behaviour change persisting across time and across settings
  • Behaviour change methods are described in detail

Question 110

Question
How are reinforcement and bribery different?
Answer
  • Bribery doesn’t work
  • Reinforcement doesn’t work
  • Bribery precedes behaviour and benefits the briber, reinforcement follows behaviour and is intended to benefit the learner
  • Reinforcement follows behaviour and benefits the person reinforcing the behaviour, bribery precedes a behaviour and benefits the briber

Question 111

Question
Removing reinforcement for a previously reinforced behaviour is....
Answer
  • Punishment
  • Ignoring
  • Extinction but is never ignoring
  • Extinction and can be ignoring

Question 112

Question
Motivating operations...
Answer
  • Permanently change the value of a reinforcer and frequency of behaviours previously reinforced by that reinforcer
  • Momentarily change the value of a reinforcer and frequency of behaviours previously reinforced by that reinforcer
  • Deprivation
  • The value of a punisher

Question 113

Question
A schedule is defined as...
Answer
  • A rule that describes a contingency.
  • A type of reinforcer specific to that individual
  • A visual system used to help children with autism manage transitions
  • Reinforcing every instance of behaviour.

Question 114

Question
Which of the following schedules are intermittent?
Answer
  • variable interval and fixed interval
  • CRF
  • variable ratio and fixed ratio
  • VI, VR, FI, FR

Question 115

Question
How do behaviour analysts measure choice?
Answer
  • Using Maslow’s theory of motivation
  • Using concurrent schedules of reinforcement
  • Using consecutive schedules of reinforcement
  • D. None of the answers, behaviour analysts do not believe choice exists

Question 116

Question
Which of the following ALL affect matching?
Answer
  • Magnitude, delay, punishment, quality, and response effort
  • Force, punishment, reinforcement, stimulus control, and motivation.
  • Response effort, delay, time of day, individual differences, and inter-response time.
  • Cumulative responses, aversive control, timing, quantity, and qualitative choice.

Question 117

Question
Choice...
Answer
  • is only determined by an individual’s genetic history
  • can be used as a antecedent manipulation
  • can be used as a consequence
  • can be used as both a consequence, and an antecedent manipulation

Question 118

Question
In the matching law, what does Re represent?
Answer
  • Extraneous reinforcement: that occurs outside of what we are measuring
  • External reinforcement: outside the person
  • External responses: what we can measure
  • Extraneous reinforcement: that occurs within complex schedules

Question 119

Question
Choice responding to an alternative can be measured by...
Answer
  • The number of responses only
  • The discriminative stimulus
  • The number of responses or time allocated
  • The value of the schedule

Question 120

Question
What is the ‘take home message’ of the matching law in regards to explaining choice?
Answer
  • Discriminative stimuli shape choices
  • Responses match reinforcers
  • Choice cannot be measured
  • Preference is more important than choice

Question 121

Question
Timmy’s teacher sets up a token economy to teach him to participate during carpet time. She puts a sticker on his chart every time he puts his hand up to answer a question. At the end of the day she tells him how many stickers he achieved. Identify the problem with this system
Answer
  • Timmy should only get a sticker if he answered the question correctly
  • Stickers should never be used as tokens
  • There is no backup reinforcer
  • The teacher should not tell Timmy how many stickers he earned.

Question 122

Question
A token economy should always be introduced on a __ schedule and then changed to a ___ schedule of reinforcement
Answer
  • CRF, denser
  • CRF, thinner
  • Thin, CRF
  • Thin, denser

Question 123

Question
Which of the following is NOT a mistake when implementing a token economy?
Answer
  • Negotiating the backup reinforcer part way through
  • Maintaining a CRF schedule
  • Not exchanging the token economy for a backup reinforcer
  • Changing the backup reinforcer to something more reinforcing

Question 124

Question
Select the correct answer. Target training during animal husbandry…
Answer
  • Punishes the animal for incorrect responses
  • Is only useful for primates and exotic animals
  • Increases animal interactions with humans
  • Decreases animal interactions with humans

Question 125

Question
When should you not use shaping?
Answer
  • To teach a new behaviour
  • When you can tell or show someone how to engage in the target behaviour.
  • To increase a previously-engaged in behaviour.
  • D. To teach verbal behaviour.

Question 126

Question
What is the cause of superstitious behaviour?
Answer
  • Supernatural forces
  • Concurrent schedules
  • Complex schedules
  • Adventitious reinforcement

Question 127

Question
Culture is transmitted...
Answer
  • Through verbal behaviour alone
  • Through rule-governed behaviour, contingency-shaped behaviour and imitation
  • Only though contingency-shaped behaviour
  • Genetically

Question 128

Question
When good events occurs, we tend to attribute the cause to ________ and when negative events occur, we tend to attribute the cause to _______.
Answer
  • Ourselves, ourselves.
  • The environment, ourselves
  • Ourselves, the environment
  • The environment, the environment

Question 129

Question
An S∆ signals
Answer
  • The learner will get reinforcement for choosing the triangle
  • Reinforcement is available
  • This is a discriminate stimulus
  • Extinction

Question 130

Question
Find the correct answer. In the original Epstein (1984) paper…
Answer
  • Other pigeons trained only in one of the prerequisite skills could not solve the problem
  • Jumping to peck at the banana was extinguished
  • The box being under the banana was an SD for standing on it to peck
  • All of the answers

Question 131

Question
What is generalisation?
Answer
  • The occurrence of behaviour in the presence of stimuli that are similar in some way to the SD present during training
  • an increase in the likelihood of a behaviour in the presence of a stimulus or setting as a result of being reinforced in the presence of a different stimulus or setting
  • When a behaviour is influenced by reinforcement
  • none of the answers

Question 132

Question
Interventions based on the ______________ of behaviour are more likely to be effective.
Answer
  • topography
  • function
  • stimuli
  • superstition

Question 133

Question
What is the principle of parsimony?
Answer
  • All simple logical explanations should be ruled out experimentally before more complex explanations are considered.
  • Should always go for the most complex explanation, as that is more scientific
  • Simple explanations are usually wrong
  • Should rule out foolish explanations
Show full summary Hide full summary

Want to create your own Quizzes for free with GoConqr? Learn more.

Similar

History of Psychology
mia.rigby
Biological Psychology - Stress
Gurdev Manchanda
Bowlby's Theory of Attachment
Jessica Phillips
Psychology subject map
Jake Pickup
Psychology A1
Ellie Hughes
Memory Key words
Sammy :P
Psychology | Unit 4 | Addiction - Explanations
showmestarlight
The Biological Approach to Psychology
Gabby Wood
Chapter 5: Short-term and Working Memory
krupa8711
Cognitive Psychology - Capacity and encoding
T W
The working memory model
Lada Zhdanova
Browse Library