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Question 1
Question
Which sociologist suggested that what children experience today as childhood is a recent social construction?
Answer
-
Philippe Aries
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Anne Oakley
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Clarke
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Talcott Parsons
Question 2
Question
In what time period did Clarke state that the idea of childhood was 'invented'?
Answer
-
Prior to the 1600's
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Between 1600's and the 20th century
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Beginning of the 20th century
Question 3
Question
At what age did Aries say that children stopped being physically dependant on their parents?
Answer
-
12 years old
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4 years old
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7 years old
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10 years old
Question 4
Question
How did Aries say children over the age of 7 were treated in medieval societies?
Answer
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Pre-adolescents
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Post-children
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Miniature adults
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Young adults
Question 5
Question
What did he give as a reason for them being treated as miniature adults?
Answer
-
People expected them to act like adults.
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Children were not seen as important in medieval societies.
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The concept of age in medieval times was different to what it is now.
Question 6
Question
Aries based his research of medieval children on paintings and their representation of children?
Answer
- True
- False
Question 7
Question
Aries said that medieval childhood began to resemble today's version of childhood towards the end of the 17th century.
Answer
- True
- False
Question 8
Question
One of the main reasons given by Aries for this was that there was a steady decrease in infant mortality rate, meaning children were more likely to actually survive childhood.
Answer
- True
- False
Question 9
Question
According to Clarke's idea of the middle class family ideology, which family member organised the 'proper' upbringing of the child?
Answer
-
A strong mother
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The grandparents
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A strong father
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The child
Question 10
Question
What type of data did Aries get from using paintings for research?
Answer
-
Quantitative
-
Qualitative
Question 11
Question
What was one of Pollock's main criticisms of Aries?
Answer
-
They may be unrepresentative of medieval societies as nearly all paintings were commissioned by the wealthy elites and their approach to childhood may be different to the approach of the wider society.
-
Aries makes the mistake of being ethnocentric and applying modern standards to past societies.
Question 12
Question
What was Wilson's main criticism of Aries's work?
Answer
-
There is no focus on the relationship between the parent and the children in the images.
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Aries makes the mistake of being ethnocentric and applying modern standards to past societies.
Question 13
Question
Industrialisation had a radical effect on the way that working class children were treated?
Answer
- True
- False
Question 14
Question
During the industrial period children were seen as economic necessities by their parents, in order to stave off poverty.
Answer
- True
- False
Question 15
Question
When was the Factory Act, preventing children working in mines and certain types of mill and factory, passed?
Answer
-
Early 19th century
-
Mid 19th century
-
Early 20th century
Question 16
Question
Thomas Barnardo opened up his first children's home in 1889?
Answer
- True
- False
Question 17
Question
The NSPCC (National Society for the Prevention of Cruelty to Children) was set up in what year?
Answer
-
1867
-
1858
-
1889
Question 18
Question
What was Cunningham's (2006) major features of the child centred society?
Answer
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Childhood as the opposite of adulthood - children viewed as innocent, vulnerable and dependant on adults.
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Childhood is associated with certain rights - for example to right to be happy and the right to be safe and healthy.
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The social worlds of adults and children are physically and symbolically separated... for example, children occupy places in schools and the home and are excluded from adult spaces, such as the workplace and public houses.
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All three.
Question 19
Question
The state takes responsibility for the emotional, physical, intellectual and spiritual development of a child, so it grows up to be a law-abiding citizen. What role did Chambers say that the state had taken on because of this?
Answer
-
The 'good cop'
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The 'good parent'
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The 'bad parent'
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