Question 1
Question
Conscious proprioception information (kinaesthesia) is relayed from the forelimb to conscious level by the following tract system?
Question 2
Question
Which of the following would most strongly suggest a diagnosis of Horner's Syndrome?
Answer
-
Droopy eyelid, constricted pupil, retraction of 3rd eyelid
-
Droopy eyelid, constricted pupil, protrusion of 3rd eyelid
-
Droopy eyelid, no change in pupil size, retraction of 3rd eyelid
-
Droopy eyelid, dilated pupil, retraction of 3rd eyelid
-
Droopy eyelid, dilated pupil, protrusion of 3rd eyelid
Question 3
Question
What is the location of the cell bodies of the post-ganglionic nerves that supply the structures of the head?
Question 4
Question
From what part of the spinal cord does sympathetic nerve supply to the head arise?
Answer
-
Cervical segments 3 - 5
-
Cervical segments 5 - 8
-
Thoracic segments 5 - 10
-
Cervical segments 1 - 3
-
Thoracic segments 1 - 3
Question 5
Question
The CN V(1) opthalmic branch of the tigeminal CN provides sensory input to?
(may be more than one correct answer)
Answer
-
Upper eye lid
-
Cornea
-
Lower eye lid
-
Orbicularis oculi
Question 6
Question
The CN V(2) maxillary branch of the tigeminal CN provides sensory input to?
(may be more than one correct answer)
Answer
-
Lower eye lid
-
Horn (corneal branch)
-
Upper eyelid
-
Cornea
-
Orbicularis oculi
Question 7
Question
Which structures are innervated by the autonomic nervous system?
(more than one answer)
Answer
-
Smooth muscle
-
Cardiac muscle
-
Glandular tissue
-
Skeletal muscle
Question 8
Question
The preganglionic fibres of the sympathetic pathway are relatively shorter than the postganglionic.
Question 9
Question
The postganglionic fibres of the parasympathetic pathway are relatively shorter than the preganglionic.
Question 10
Question
The sympathetic pathway is described as having a thoracolumbar outflow.
Which segments of the spinal cord is this restricted to?
Answer
-
Cervical
-
Thoracic
-
Lumbar
-
Sacral
Question 11
Question
The parasympathetic pathway is described as having a Craniosacral outflow. What structures is this restricted to?
Answer
-
Brain
-
Sacral
-
Lumbar
-
Thoracic
-
Cervical
Question 12
Question
Where are preganglionic nuclei of the ANS located in then spinal cord?
Question 13
Question
Which below are divisions of the sympathetic ANS?
Question 14
Question
Which below are divisions of the parasympathetic ANS?
Question 15
Question
Which options below form the Medial lemniscal system. A spinal cord sensory pathway.
Question 16
Question
What below are properties of the medial lemniscal system?
Question 17
Question
What below are properties of the medial Spinoreticular tracts (ascending reticular formation)?
Question 18
Question
Spinocerebellar tracts properties:
Question 19
Question
The Pyramidal system (corticospinal) properties.
Answer
-
Lower motor neurons
-
Upper motor neurons
-
Interneurons can be present in spinal cord
-
single neuron from CNS to spinal cord
-
Innervate skeletal muscle
-
Contralateral relay
Question 20
Question
Which tracts form the extrapyramidal system?
Answer
-
Rubrospinal tract
-
Reticulospinal tract
-
Vestibulospinal tract
-
Tectospinal tract
-
Corticospinal
Question 21
Question
Which tract below also has a ipsilateral relay in addition to contralateral?
Answer
-
Vestibulospinal tract
-
Rubrospinal tract
-
Reticulospinal tract
-
Tectospinal tract
Question 22
Question
The red nucleus in the midbrain leads to which tract?
Answer
-
Rubrospinal tract
-
Reticulospinal tract
-
Tectospinal
-
Vestibulospinal
Question 23
Question
All postganglionic sympathetic fibres are adrenergic. (Release norepinephrine)
Question 24
Question
All preganglionic fibres of both para and sympathetic release acetylcholine.
Question 25
Question
The exception to the release of adrenaline from only postganglionic cells occurs from?
Question 26
Question
Which adrenergic receptor activates phospholipase C to increase intracellular second messengers IP3 and DAG to ultimately stimulate release of Ca2+.
Question 27
Question
Which adrenergic receptor activates adenyl cyclase to increase intracellular cAMP which activates PKA leading to a positive iontropic response?
Question 28
Question
Alpha 1 adrenergic receptors once activated results in.....
A drug with this effect is Midodrine.
Answer
-
Vasoconstriction
-
Raise heart rate
-
Relax bronchi
-
Relax bladder
-
Sedation
Question 29
Question
Alpha 2 adrenergic receptors once activated results in.....
A drug with this effect is Xylazine.
Question 30
Question
Beta 1 adrenergic receptors once activated results in.....
A drug with this effect is Isoprenaline.
Answer
-
Raise heart rate
-
Relax bronchi
-
Relax bladder
-
Vasoconstriction
-
Sedation
Question 31
Question
Beta 2 adrenergic receptors once activated results in.....
A drug with this effect is Salbutamol.
Answer
-
Relax bronchi
-
Raise heart rate
-
Relax bladder
-
Vasoconstriction
-
Sedation
Question 32
Question
Beta 3 adrenergic receptors once activated results in.....
A drug with this effect is solabegron.
Answer
-
Relaxes bladder
-
Raise heart rate
-
Relax bronchi
-
Vasoconstriction
-
Sedation
Question 33
Question
An antagonist drug of beta 1/2 known as Propanolol is used for?
Answer
-
Treat anxiety
-
Reduce blood pressure
Question 34
Question
An antagonist drug of Alpha 1 adrenergic receptors known as Doxazosin is used for?
Answer
-
Reduce blood pressure
-
Treat anxiety
Question 35
Question
An antagonist drug of alpha 2 adrenergic receptors known as Phentolamine is used for?
Answer
-
Reduce blood pressure
-
Treat anxiety
Question 36
Question
The action of Beta 2 and Alpha 1 adrenergic receptors is important with regards to vascular smooth muscle.
Beta 2- relaxation Alpha 1- constriction. What does epinephrine have a higher affinity for?
Question 37
Question
The action of Beta 2 and Alpha 1 adrenergic receptors is important with regards to vascular smooth muscle.
Beta 2- relaxation Alpha 1- constriction. Which receptor is there more of?
Question 38
Question
Which adrenergic receptor once activated leads to increased contractility of the heart?
Answer
-
Beta 1
-
Alpha 1
-
Alpha 2
-
Beta 2
-
Beta 3
Question 39
Question
Which adrenergic receptor once activated leads to constriction of arterioles?
(may be more than one)
Answer
-
Alpha 1
-
Alpha 2
-
Beta 1
-
Beta 2
-
Beta 3
Question 40
Question
Which adrenergic receptor once activated leads to dilation of the arterioles?
Answer
-
Beta 2
-
Beta 1
-
Beta 3
-
Alpha 1
-
Alpha 2
Question 41
Question
Which adrenergic receptor once activated leads to relaxation of the bronchial muscle?
Answer
-
Beta 2
-
Alpha 1
-
Alpha 2
-
Beta 1
-
Beta 3
Question 42
Question
Which adrenergic receptor(s) once activated leads to relaxation of the GI muscle?
(May be more than one)
Answer
-
Alpha 1
-
Alpha 2
-
Beta 2
-
Beta 1
-
Beta 3
Question 43
Question
Which adrenergic receptor once activated leads to relaxation of the uterus?
Answer
-
Beta 2
-
Beta 1
-
Beta 3
-
Alpha 1
-
Alpha 2
Question 44
Question
Which adrenergic receptor once activated leads to reduced insulin secretion from the pancreas?
Answer
-
Alpha 2
-
Alpha 1
-
Beta 1
-
Beta 2
-
Beta 3
Question 45
Question
Which adrenergic receptor once activated leads to increased insulin secretion from the pancreas?
Answer
-
Beta 2
-
Beta 1
-
Beta 3
-
Alpha 1
-
Alpha 2
Question 46
Question
Which Muscarinic receptor from the parasympathetic nervous system stimulates gastric secretion?
Question 47
Question
Which Muscarinic receptor from the parasympathetic nervous system slows heart rate?
Question 48
Question
Which Muscarinic receptor from the parasympathetic nervous system mediate lacrimal salivary gland secretion and gut smooth muscle contraction?
Question 49
Question
Which Muscarinic receptor from the parasympathetic nervous system mediate adrenaline secretion from the adrenal medulla?
Question 50
Question
What is the neurotransmitter of the somatic nervous system?
Answer
-
Acetylcholine
-
Epinephrine
Question 51
Question
What receptor is ligand gated and found at the neuromuscular junction?
Answer
-
Nicotinic
-
Muscarinic
-
Adrenergic