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AQA AS Biology 7401- 3.4- Topic 8 DNA, Gene and Protein Synthesis

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AQA AS Biology 7401- 3.4- Topic 8 DNA, Gene and Protein Synthesis
Luke Shaw
Quiz by Luke Shaw, updated more than 1 year ago
Luke Shaw
Created by Luke Shaw over 7 years ago
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Resource summary

Question 1

Question
what is a gene
Answer
  • a gene is a section of DNA that contains the coded information for making polypeptides and functional RNA.
  • a gene is a long chain of DNA
  • a gene is a part of chromosome
  • a gene is a link in DNA

Question 2

Question
what is a locus
Answer
  • a section of DNA located at a particular position
  • an allele
  • the environmental factors that determine the nature and development of all organisms

Question 3

Question
what does the DNA base sequence code for
Answer
  • the amino acid sequence of a polypeptide
  • a functional RNA
  • mutations
  • DNA codes for mRNA and tRNA

Question 4

Question
in trying to discover how DNA bases coded for amino acids, scientists suggested that there must be a minimum of three bases that coded for each amino acid. their reasoning was as follows: Only [blank_start]20[blank_end] different amino acids regularly occur in proteins Each amino acid must have its own code of bases on the DNA Only [blank_start]four[blank_end] different bases are present in DNA If each base coded for a different amino acid, only four different amino acids could be coded for Using a pair of bases [blank_start]16 (4^2) different codes[blank_end] are possible, which is [blank_start]still inadequate[blank_end] Three bases produce [blank_start]64 (4^3) different codes[blank_end], [blank_start]more than[blank_end] enough to satisfy the requirement of [blank_start]20 amino acids[blank_end]
Answer
  • 20
  • four
  • 16 (4^2) different codes
  • still inadequate
  • satisfactory to the requirement
  • 64 (4^3) different codes
  • more than
  • this is not
  • 20 amino acids
  • four different amino acids

Question 5

Question
what is a triplet
Answer
  • a set of three bases that codes for an amino acid
  • three daughter cells produced by meiosis
  • three portions of DNA

Question 6

Question
further experiments have revealed the following features of the gentic code:
Answer
  • a few amino acids are coded for by only a single triplet the remaining amino acids are coded for by between two and six triplets each
  • a triplet is read various directions along the dna strand
  • the code is known as degenerate code because most amino acids are coded for by more than one triplet
  • a triplet is always read in one particular direction along the dna strand
  • the start of a dna sequence that codes for a polypeptide is always the same triplet. this codes for the amino acid methionine, if this methionine molecule does not form part of the final polypeptide, it is later removed
  • three triplets do not code for any amino acid. these are called stop codons and mark the end of a polypeptide chain. they act in much the same way as a full stop at the end of a sentence
  • the code is non-overlapping, in other words each base in the sequence is read only once. thus six bases numbered 123456 are read as triplets 123 456, rather than triplets 123 234 345 456
  • the code is universal, with a few minor exceptions each triplet codes for the same amino acid in all organisms. this is indirect evidence for evolution
  • one amino acid codes for only a single triplet
  • the code is known as non-degenerate code because most amino acids are coded for only one triplet

Question 7

Question
even within genes, only certain sequences code for amino acids. these coding sequences are called [blank_start]exons[blank_end]. within the gene these [blank_start]exons[blank_end] are seperated by further non-coding sequences called [blank_start]introns[blank_end].
Answer
  • exons
  • exons
  • introns

Question 8

Question
in [blank_start]prokaryotic[blank_end] cells, such as bacteria, the dna molecules are [blank_start]shorter[blank_end], form a [blank_start]circle[blank_end] and are [blank_start]not associated[blank_end] with protein molecules. [blank_start]Prokaryotic[blank_end] cells therefore [blank_start]do not[blank_end] have chromosomes.
Answer
  • prokaryotic
  • eukaryotic
  • shorter
  • longer
  • circle
  • square
  • line
  • not associated
  • associated
  • Prokaryotic
  • Eukaryotic
  • do not
  • do

Question 9

Question
in [blank_start]Eukaryotic[blank_end] cells, the DNA molecules are [blank_start]longer[blank_end], form a [blank_start]line rather than a circle[blank_end] and occur [blank_start]in association[blank_end] with proteins called [blank_start]histones[blank_end] to form structures called [blank_start]chromosomes[blank_end]. the mitochondria and chloroplasts of [blank_start]Eukaryotic[blank_end] cells also contain DNA which, like the DNA of [blank_start]Prokaryotic[blank_end] cells, is [blank_start]short, circular[blank_end] and no associated with proteins.
Answer
  • Eukaryotic
  • Prokaryotic
  • longer
  • shorter
  • line rather than a circle
  • circle rather than a line
  • in association
  • not in association
  • histones
  • centromere
  • chromosomes
  • chromatids
  • Eukaryotic
  • Prokaryotic
  • Prokaryotic
  • Eukaryotic
  • short, circular
  • long, square

Question 10

Question
chromosomes are visible during the whole cell cycle
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 11

Question
each thread on a chromosome is called a [blank_start]chromatid[blank_end]
Answer
  • chromatid

Question 12

Question
the DNA in chromosomes is held together by [blank_start]histones[blank_end]
Answer
  • histones

Question 13

Question
How is DNA packed into chromosomes
Image:
Bio (image/png)
Answer
  • DNA double helix
  • DNA molecule
  • DNA combined with histones
  • DNA-histone complex is coiled
  • Coils fold to form loops
  • loops coil and pack together
  • chromosome
  • DNA
  • Histone molecules

Question 14

Question
[blank_start]sexually[blank_end] produced [blank_start]organisms[blank_end], such as [blank_start]humans[blank_end], are the result of the [blank_start]fusion[blank_end] of a [blank_start]sperm[blank_end] and an egg, each of which contributes [blank_start]one[blank_end] complete [blank_start]set[blank_end] of chromosomes to the offspring.
Answer
  • sexually
  • asexually
  • organisms
  • bacteria
  • humans
  • mule
  • fusion
  • divison
  • sperm
  • egg
  • one
  • two
  • three
  • four
  • five
  • six
  • ten
  • a hundred and twenty
  • a hundred
  • set
  • sets

Question 15

Question
a homologous pair is always two chromosomes that carry the same genes but not necessarily the same alleles of the genes
Answer
  • True
  • False

Question 16

Question
what is an allele
Answer
  • an allele is one of a number of alternative forms of a gene
  • an allele is a section of DNA that contains the coded information for making polypeptides and functional RNA

Question 17

Question
if an allele is different, why is this?
Answer
  • each allele has a different base sequence, therefore a different amino acid sequence, so produces a different polypeptide
  • each allele started off as one polypeptide chain but due to mutations, the alleles have changed and matured into a different allele

Question 18

Question
where is eukarytoic DNA stored
Answer
  • nucleus
  • floating in cytoplasm

Question 19

Question
the synthesis of proteins takes place in cytoplasm. how is it possible for the DNA to be transferred so it can be translated?
Answer
  • sections of DNA are transcribed onto a single stranded molecule called ribonucleic acid
  • sections of DNA are transcribed onto a single stranded molecule called rebonucleic acid
  • sections of DNA are transcribed onto a single stranded molecule called transfer ribonucleic acid

Question 20

Question
what are the two types of RNA? [blank_start]messenger[blank_end] RNA ([blank_start]m[blank_end]RNA) [blank_start]transfer[blank_end] RNA ([blank_start]t[blank_end]RNA)
Answer
  • messenger
  • m
  • transfer
  • t

Question 21

Question
the term [blank_start]codon[blank_end] refers to the [blank_start]sequence[blank_end] of [blank_start]three[blank_end] bases on [blank_start]mRNA[blank_end] that codes for a single amino acid
Answer
  • codon
  • genome
  • proteome
  • sequence
  • direction
  • three
  • two
  • tree
  • mRNA
  • tRNA

Question 22

Question
[blank_start]genome[blank_end]- the [blank_start]complete[blank_end] set of [blank_start]genes[blank_end] in a cell, including those in mitochondria and/or chloroplasts
Answer
  • genome
  • codon
  • proteome
  • complete
  • incomplete
  • genes
  • alleles

Question 23

Question
[blank_start]proteome[blank_end]- the [blank_start]full[blank_end] range of proteins produced by the genome. this is sometimes called the complete proteome, in which case the term proteome refers to the [blank_start]proteins[blank_end] produced by a given type of cell under a certain set of conditions
Answer
  • proteome
  • codon
  • genome
  • full
  • incomplete
  • proteins
  • enzymes

Question 24

Question
RNA is made up of repeating mono nucleotide sub-units. it forms a single strand in which each nucleotide is made up of:
Answer
  • pentose sugar: ribose
  • organic bases: adenine, guanine, cytosine, uracil
  • a phosphate group
  • pentose sugar: deoxyribose
  • organic bases: thymine, adenine, guanine, cytosine
  • a glycerol group
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