Biology A Level AQA Questions

Proof reading of DNA occurs in the [blank_start]G2[blank_end] phase of the cell cycle

During anaphase in mitosis the chromatids are pulled apart by the spindle fibres.

During prophase in mitosis the chromosomes line up down the middle of the cell.

Binary fission occurs in [blank_start]prokaryotes[blank_end].

During the formation of tissue fluid, the blood at the ateriolar end of the capillary has a [blank_start]higher[blank_end] hydrostatic pressure and water potental than the surrounding tissue fluid.

Excess tissue fluid is drained into the:

Meiosis results in [blank_start]4[blank_end] [blank_start]haploid[blank_end] daughter cells.

Glucose is transported by [blank_start]co-transport[blank_end] in the illeum where it moves with [blank_start]sodium[blank_end] ions from the lumen of the illeum into the intestinal cells.

After triglycerides have been broken down into monoglycerides, [blank_start]glycerol[blank_end] and fatty acids, bile binds with the monoglycerides to form [blank_start]micelles[blank_end].

[blank_start]Endo[blank_end]peptidases break up within a protein. [blank_start]Exo[blank_end]peptidases break bonds at the end of protein molecules.

Amino acids are absorbed by [blank_start]co-transport[blank_end].

After the [blank_start]photolysis[blank_end] of water, electrons are transported in an electron transport chain in the [blank_start]thylakoid[blank_end] membrane. the energy from this goes into pumping protons across the membrane. The protons move back across the membarne via an [blank_start]ATP[blank_end] synthase channel. ATP is produced as NADP is reduced.

The reaction between carbon dioxide and RuBP in the Calvin cycle is catalysed by the enzyme [blank_start]rubisco[blank_end].

The order of stages in respiration is: >[blank_start]Glycolysis[blank_end] >[blank_start]The link reaction[blank_end] >[blank_start]The Krebs cycle[blank_end] >[blank_start]Oxidative phosphorylation[blank_end]

In oxidative phosphorylation, oxygen acts as the [blank_start]final electron acceptor[blank_end].

Anaerobic respiration in animals produces [blank_start]lactic acid[blank_end], and in yeast produces [blank_start]ethanol[blank_end].

[blank_start]Calcium[blank_end] ions bind to troponin to move the [blank_start]tropomyosin[blank_end] out of the way to start the process of a muscle contration.

Blood glucose levels that are too high are detected by [blank_start]beta[blank_end] cells, that produce [blank_start]insulin[blank_end] which causes glucose to be converted to [blank_start]glycogen[blank_end].

The process of converting glycogen to glucose in the liver is called

In the Bowman's capsule, the [blank_start]afferent[blank_end] arteriole has a greter diameter than the [blank_start]efferent[blank_end] arterole which means the pressure is [blank_start]higher[blank_end] in the glomerulus than the bowman's capsule.

ADH is released by the hypothalamus

Increasing the number of aquaporins in the cells of the collecting duct causes the collecting duct to become more permeable to water.

During the polymerase chain reaction, the sample is heated to [blank_start]95°C[blank_end] to separate the strands. It is then cooled to [blank_start]55°C[blank_end] to allow the primers to attach. It is finally heated to [blank_start]72°C[blank_end] so DNA [blank_start]replication[blank_end] can occur.

[blank_start]Variable number tandem repeats[blank_end] are short sequences of DNA that vary in length from person to person and are used in genetic fingerprinting.

In gel electrophoresis, the larger fragments of DNA travel [blank_start]less[blank_end] than the smaller ones.